Nuestra Familia

Nuestra Familia (Spanish for "our family") is a criminal organization of Mexican American (Chicano) prison gangs with origins in Northern California.[13] While members of the Norteños gang are considered to be affiliated with Nuestra Familia, being a member of Nuestra Familia itself does not signify association as a Norteño. Some law enforcement agents speculate that the Nuestra Familia gang, which operates in and out of prisons, influences much of the criminal activity of thousands of Norteño gang members in California.[14] The gang's main sources of income are distributing cocaine, heroin, marijuana, and methamphetamine within prison systems as well as in the community and extorting drug distributors on the streets.[15]

Nuestra Familia, NF (Our Family)
Founded1968 (1968)
Founding locationSoledad, California Correctional Training Facility (Monterey County)
Years active1968–present
TerritoryNorthern California, Mexico, Arizona, Washington,[1] Oregon,[2] Idaho,[3] Nevada,[4] Utah,[5] Colorado,[6] New Mexico,[7] Kansas,[8] Texas,[9] Georgia,[10] Florida,[11] US federal prison system, California Prison System
EthnicityMexican/Mexican Americans
Criminal activitiesDrug trafficking,[12] extortion,[12] racketeering,[12] murder, gunrunning
Allies Norteños
Black Guerrilla Family
Rivals Mexican Mafia
Sureños
Aryan Brotherhood
Colombian Cartel
18th Street gang
Fresno Bulldogs
Mexikanemi
Texas Syndicate[12]
Peckerwood
Nazi Lowriders
Public Enemy No. 1

Origins

Nuestra Familia was organized in Fresno, California, correctional facilities in 1968.

In the late 1960s, KRIME Mexican-American inmates of the California state prison system began to separate into two rival groups, Nuestra Familia[13] and the 1957-formed Mexican Mafia, according to the locations of their hometowns (the north-south dividing line is near Fresno, California.)

Nuestra Familia were prison enemies of the Southern Latinos who comprised La Eme, better known as the Mexican Mafia. While the Mexican Mafia had initially been created to protect Mexicans in prison, there was a perceived level of abuse by members of La Eme towards the imprisoned Latinos from rural farming areas of Northern California.[16] The spark that led to the ongoing war between Nuestra Familia and members of the Mexican Mafia involved a situation in 1968 in which a member of La Eme stole a pair of shoes from a Northerner at Deuel Vocational Institute in Tracy. This event put into motion the longest-running gang war in the state of California.

Operation Black Widow

Federal law enforcement agencies, long unable to infiltrate Nuestra Familia, began to step up their investigations in the late 1990s. In 2000 and 2001, 22 members were indicted on Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) charges, including several who were allegedly serving as high-ranking gang leaders while confined in Pelican Bay.[13] Thirteen of the defendants pleaded guilty; the other cases are still ongoing. Two of the defendants face the death penalty for ordering murders related to the drug trade. The largest of the federal investigations was Operation Black Widow.[13] At the time of Operation Black Widow, law enforcement officials had estimated that Nuestra Familia was responsible for at least 600 murders in the previous 30 years.[17]

In the aftermath of Operation Black Widow, the five highest-ranking leaders of Nuestra Familia, James "Tibbs" Morado, Joseph "Pinky" Hernandez, Gerald "Cuete" Rubalcaba, Cornelio Tristan, and Tex Marin Hernandez, were transferred to the United States Penitentiary, Florence ADX, the federal supermax prison in Colorado.[18]

Renewed organization

Since the written constitution of the Norteños stated that the gang's leaders resided in Pelican Bay State Prison in California; the relocation of the five leaders led to turmoil among its members. The leadership vacuum resulted in a power struggle between prospective generals.[18]

Attorney General Kamala Harris announced the arrest of Nuestra Familia gang members on June 8, 2011

Eventually, three new generals came to power at Pelican Bay, yet two were demoted, leaving only David "DC" Cervantes as the highest-ranking member of the gang in California.[18] Cervantes' rise marked the first time in decades that the Norteños had a single leader at the helm of their criminal organization.[18] The remaining leadership of the organization in Pelican Bay consists of Daniel "Stork" Perez, Anthony "Chuco" Guillen and George "Puppet" Franco. While all Nuestra Familia soldiers and captains in California are expected to follow the orders of Cervantes, a small percentage of the gang remains loyal to the former generals and captains imprisoned in Colorado.[18] California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger has complained that keeping the five remaining gang leaders located in the same prison continues to add to California gang violence, and that they should be scattered throughout different prisons. While the recognized leaders of Nuestra Familia in Pelican Bay ask that members respect the former leaders, they have been effectively stripped of their authority.[18]

Operation Knockout

In April 2010, federal and local law enforcement agencies concluded what was considered the most significant effort to dismantle the Central Coast leadership structure of Nuestra Familia.[19] After months of investigation, at least 37 alleged gang members were arrested during the raids conducted. Law enforcement authorities seized 40 pounds of cocaine, 14 pounds of marijuana, and dozens of firearms.[19]

2013 indictment

On June 11, 2013, Santa Clara County district attorney Jeff Rosen announced the indictment of 48 Nuestra Familia associates on 77 felony charges ranging from drug dealing to murder.[20]

Membership

While Nuestra Familia is primarily a Chicano gang, membership sometimes extends to other Latinos as well as non-Latinos. Members of the organization are considered to have taken a "blood oath" to join the gang, and are considered lifelong participants.[21] Nuestra Familia's written constitution allegedly states that no member should prioritize women, money or drugs over their membership in the gang. Membership in the gang extends beyond prison.[21] Women are not allowed to become full-fledged members of Nuestra Familia, but are sometimes used for communication and drug-running purposes as they are considered less likely to be noticed by law enforcement agents. The NF has a formal written constitution and claims about 2000 inmate members.

Symbols

Members of Nuestra Familia are known to wear red bandanas ("red rags") to identify themselves.[21] Other symbols include use of the number 14 or XIV, as the letter "N" is the 14th letter of the English alphabet.[21] Nuestra Familia members often use the image of a sombrero with a machete as their gang symbol.[21]

Allies and rivals

Allies of the Nuestra Familia include the Norteños, Bloods, Crips,[12][22] Gulf Cartel, Sinaloa Cartel, Black Guerrilla Family and Bahala Na Gang.[23][24]

Rival gangs include the Mexican Mafia, Mexikanemi, Texas Syndicate,[12] Sureños, Peckerwood, Fresno Bulldogs, Nazi Lowriders, Aryan Brotherhood, Public Enemy No. 1 and the 18th Street gang.

See also

References
  1. "Gangs in small-town Central Washington". 30 July 2011.
  2. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-06-11. Retrieved 2016-04-05.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. "Idaho prisons rife with gang violence".
  4. "Reno facing rise in gang violence". 27 May 2013.
  5. Nguyen, Jason (5 April 2014). "Gangs are becoming a growing threat across Utah".
  6. "Modern Tribalist: Norteños and Sureños Hispanic gang activity in Colorado".
  7. "Stop Albuquerque Gangs - Report Gang Crime Tips & Violence - New Mexico Gangs". www.stopabqgangs.org.
  8. "Bust of gang offers hope for Dodge City immigrants".
  9. "Nortenos". midwestgangs.tripod.com.
  11. "Authorities arrest 11 key gang members in east Hillsborough". 3 June 2013.
  12. Prison Gangs - Gang and Security Threat Awareness Archived 2010-03-12 at the Wayback Machine, Florida Department of Corrections
  13. "Federal indictments crack vast prison crime ring". The Press Democrat. Archived from the original on 2001-05-08. Retrieved 2001-02-21.
  14. "Gang raid targets Nuestra Familia in Salinas". JULIA REYNOLDS Herald Salinas Bureau. Archived from the original on 2012-02-24. Retrieved 2010-04-23.
  15. "Gangs in the United States" (PDF). Narcotics Digest Weekly: 1–12. October 4, 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 24, 2006.
  16. "An End to the Cycle". Monterey County Herald. Archived from the original on April 30, 2006. Retrieved 2003-11-23.
  17. "Ashcroft's Dances with Death". Mother Jones. Archived from the original on 2004-10-28. Retrieved 2004-10-27.
  18. "New leadership, constitution for Nuestra Familia". Monterey Herald. Archived from the original on 2012-03-27. Retrieved 2008-02-28.
  19. "Eight-month investigation yields 37 high-level arrests". Monterey County Herald. Retrieved 2010-04-23.
  20. Kaplan, Tracey. "Nuestra Familia case: Details of biggest gang prosecution in Santa Clara County history". San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  21. "Gang and Security Threat Group Awareness". Florida Department of Corrections. Retrieved 2008-03-22.
  22. "Nustra Familia" Archived 2009-01-29 at the Wayback Machine, Gang Prevention Services
  23. "www.prisonoffenders.com". www.prisonoffenders.com.
  24. "BLOOD BROTHERS / The killing started when Nuestra Familia gang leaders felt their influence in San Jose waning, prosecutors say -- but the dead were all their own".
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