Mianwali District

The Mianwali District (in Saraiki , Pashto & Urdu: ضِلع مِيانوالى‎), is a district located in Sargodha Division of Punjab province, Pakistan. It has border with Chakwal, Attock,[12][13] Kohat,[14] Karak,[15] Lakki Marwat,[16] Dera Ismail Khan,[17] Bhakkar[18][19] and Khushab[20][21] Districts.[22]

Mianwali

ضِلع مِيانوالی
District
Flag
Seal
Mianwali District highlighted within Punjab Province
Country Pakistan
Province Punjab
DivisionSargodha Division
HeadquartersMianwali
Government
 • TypeDistrict Administration
 • District Police OfficerHasan Asad Alvi [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]
Area
 • Total5,840 km2 (2,250 sq mi)
Population
 (2017)[11]
 • Total1,546,094
 • Density260/km2 (690/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+5 (PST)
Postal Code
42200
Area code(s)0459
Number of tehsils3
Thal Canal

Administration

The district is administratively divided into three tehsils 7 Municipal Committees and 51 union councils:[23][24]

Name of tehsil No. of union councils
Isakhel 13
Mianwali 25
Piplan 12
Total 51

Geography

Mianwali district covers an area of 5,840 square kilometres (2,250 sq mi).[25] The area in north is a continuation of the Pothohar Plateau [26] and the Kohistan-e-Namak.[27][28] Southern side of the district is a part of Thal Desert.[29] Indus River flows through the district.[30]

Climate

Mianwali district has an extreme climate, with a long, hot summer season and cold, dry winters. Summer lasts from May to September and winter lasts from November till February.[31] June is the hottest month with average temperatures of 42 °C (highest recorded temperature 52 °C); in winter, December and January monthly average temperatures can be as low as 3 to 4 °C. The average rainfall in the district is about 385 mm.[32][33]

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average High Temperatures °C (°F) 19° (66.2 °) 21° (69.8 °) 26° (78.8 °) 33° (91.4 °) 38° (100.4 °) 42° (107.6 °) 39° (102.2 °) 37° (98.6 °) 37° (98.6 °) 33° (91.6 °) 28° (82.4 °) 21° (69.8 °) 31° (87.8 °)
Average Low Temperatures °C 3 6 12 17 22 27 27 26 23 16 9 4 16
Rainfall in. (cm) 1.6 2.1 4.1 2.4 1.9 1.8 7.6 11 4.5 0.7 0.1 0.9 38.5
Source: Weatherbase

Demographics

According to the 1998 census of Pakistan, the district had a population of 1,057,000, of which 21% resided in urban settlements.[34]:23 The first languages[35] spoken were Punjabi (74% of the population), Saraiki (12%), Pashto (10%) and Urdu (3.5%).[34]:27[36]

History

Mianwali was a known settlement and an agricultural region with forests during the Indus Valley Civilization (c.3300 – c.1300 BCE). Then later Vedic Civilization took place. In 997 CE, Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi took over the Ghaznavid dynasty empire established by his father, Sultan Sebuktegin. In 1005 he conquered the Shahis in Kabul, and followed it by the conquests of Punjab region. The Delhi Sultanate and later Mughal Empire ruled the region. The population of the Punjab region became majority Muslim, following the conquests by various Muslim dynasties from Central Asia.The real historical representation of Mianwali Region is older than 900 AD but the true accuracy is traced to the arrival of Qutb Shah in 1090 AD in this region who in later years of his conquest allowed his sons to settle and further rule the region. Their Lineage still exists till date in Mianwali District as well as in Pakistan and are known as Awan Tribe. Historically, all major rulers of South Asia governed this area in their turn. Mughal emperor Babur mentioned Isakhel while he was fighting against the Malik Awans and Niazi Pakhtuns as part of his campaign to conquer the Punjab during the 1520s (ref. Baburnama). Prior to the invasion of Nadir Shah in 1738, there is little to relate concerning the history of the northern part of the district. The upper half of the district was ruled by the Gakhars, who became feudatories of the Mughal Empire, of which the district continued to form a part until the invasion of Nadir Shah. In 1738 a portion of his army entered Chashma, and by its atrocities so cowed the Bannuchis and Marwats that a heavy tribute was raised from them. Another portion of the army crossed the Darra Pezu and worked its way down to Dera Ismail Khan. Contingents raised from the neighbourhoods of Bannu and Dera Ismail Khan marched under Nadir Shah's banner to the sack of Delhi. In 1739 the area west of the Indus was surrendered by the Emperor of Delhi to Nadir Shah, and passed after his death to Ahmad Shah Abdali. The primary historical representation of this region dates back to Alexander the Great where his Conquest bought him during his journey from the Mianwali district and apart from his conquest adds various other conquest to the stream. In 1748 a Durrani army under one of Ahmad Shah's generals crossed the Indus at Kalabagh, and drove out the Ghakkars, who still ruled in the cis-Indus tracts of the district, owing nominal allegiance to the Emperor at Delhi. Their stronghold, Muazzam Nagar, was razed to the ground, and with their expulsion was swept away the last vestige of authority of the Mughal Emperor in these parts. During British Raj Mianwali District was also among the states of British Punjab where regional offices of East India Company were in position until winter of 1883 when regional office of East India Company in Mianwali was Shutdown due to civil unrest and hostile conditions.[37]

People

Places of interest
A view of Namal Lake in Mianwali Salt range
"Days of Yore" PR ZE. class 230 en route to Lakki Marwat from Mari Indus in frosty winter morning circa 1987. (Mianwali was the only district in Punjab with about 80 km of narrow gauge section, which was closed in 1992.)

See also

Further reading
  • "Wichara Watan" By Harish Chander Nakra, New Delhi, India

References
  1. http://www.dpomwi.punjabpolice.gov.pk
  2. https://dpomwi.punjabpolice.gov.pk/our_dpos
  3. https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/635048-police-army-rangers-hold-flag-march-in-mianwali
  4. https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/648023-no-coronavirus-case-after-14th-in-mianwali
  5. https://www.urdupoint.com/en/pakistan/police-arrest-three-proclaimed-offenders-908849.html
  6. https://www.urdupoint.com/en/pakistan/1260-grams-hashish-seized-9-arrested-in-main-901360.html
  7. https://www.dawn.com/news/1556428/the-changing-face-of-police-in-mianwali
  8. https://www.urdupoint.com/en/pakistan/two-criminals-arrested-weapons-seized-in-mia-922190.html
  9. http://www.tribune.com.pk%2Fstory%2F2220968%2F1-gold-worth-rs17-5m-cash-recovered%2F&usg=AOvVaw2iBsgoMB2eWd36J5B6UDC5
  10. http://www.urdupoint.com%2Fen%2Fpakistan%2Fpolice-army-and-rangers-administered-flag-ma-921447.html&usg=AOvVaw1AERiN27ikFyR6GVRieB80
  11. "DISTRICT WISE CENSUS RESULTS CENSUS 2017" (PDF). www.pbscensus.gov.pk. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 August 2017.
  12. http://www.punjab.gov.pk/attock
  13. http://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/bwpsr/punjab/ATTOCK_SUMMARY.pdf
  14. http://www.britannica.com/place/Kohat
  15. http://www.pbs.gov.pk/content/district-glance-karak
  16. http://www.pbs.gov.pk/content/district-glance-lakki-marwat
  17. http://www.pbs.gov.pk/content/district-glance-d-i-khan
  18. bhakkar.dc.lhc.gov.pk/PublicPages/HistoryOfDistrict.aspx
  19. http://www.pbs.gov.pk/content/district-glance-bhakkar
  20. http://www.punjab.gov.pk/khushab
  21. http://www.pbs.gov.pk/content/district-glance-khushab
  22. https://www.punjab.gov.pk/mianwali
  23. Tehsils & Unions in the District of Mianwali - Government of Pakistan Archived 2008-06-11 at the Wayback Machine
  24. https://dpomwi.punjabpolice.gov.pk/district_overview
  25. http://www.maplandia.com/pakistan/punjab/mainwali/mianwali/
  26. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/A-map-of-Punjab-Province-Pakistan-showing-Potohar-Plateau-consisting-of-four-Districts_fig2_234140568
  27. http://www.lukeduggleby.com/pakistans-salt-mines
  28. https://visura.co/duggleby/stories/pakistans-salt-mines
  29. https://www.britannica.com/place/Thal-Pakistan
  30. https://www.britannica.com/place/Indus-River
  31. http://www.myweather2.com/City-Town/Pakistan/Mianwali/climate-profile.aspx
  32. http://www.timeanddate.com/weather/pakistan/mianwali/climate
  33. en.climate-data.org/एश-य/प-क-सत-न/पज-ब/mianwali-28948/
  34. 1998 District Census report of Mianwali. Census publication. 47. Islamabad: Population Census Organization, Statistics Division, Government of Pakistan. 1999.
  35. "Mother tongue": defined as the language of communication between parents and children, and recorded of each individual.
  36. https://www.citypopulation.de/php/pakistan-admin.php?adm2id=720
  37. http://mianwali.dc.lhc.gov.pk/PublicPages/HistoryOfDistrict.aspx
  38. https://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/154467.html
  39. http://pakistaniat.com/2008/11/22/atta-ullah-ataullah-eesakhailvi-eesakhelvi/

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