Marine Barracks, Washington, D.C.

Marine Barracks, Washington, D.C. is located at the corner of 8th and I Streets, Southeast in Washington, D.C. Established in 1801, it is a National Historic Landmark, the oldest post in the United States Marine Corps, the official residence of the Commandant of the Marine Corps since 1806, and main ceremonial grounds of the Corps. It is also home to the U.S. Marine Drum and Bugle Corps ("The Commandant's Own") and the U.S. Marine Band ("The President's Own"). Barracks Marines conduct ceremonial missions in and around the National Capital Region as well as abroad. They also provide security at designated locations around Washington, D.C. as necessary, and Barracks officers are part of the White House Social Aide Program.

Marine Barracks Washington
Washington, D.C.
Marine Barracks logo
TypeMilitary base
Site information
Controlled by United States of America
Open to
the public		During parades and ceremonies
Site history
Built1801 (1801)
In use1801 - present
Battles/warsWar of 1812
Garrison information
Current
commander		Colonel Teague A. Pastel
Past
commanders		Christian G. Cabaniss
Charles Heywood
James Carson Breckinridge
Dennis Hejlik
Benjamin T. Watson
Occupants Commandant of the Marine Corps
U.S. Marine Corps Barracks and Commandant's House
Area6 acres (2.4 ha)
ArchitectGeorge Hadfield
NRHP reference No.72001435
Significant dates
Added to NRHPDecember 27, 1972
Designated NHLDMay 11, 1976

Marine Barracks Washington and the Historic Home of the Commandants were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. A 6-acre (2.4 ha) property with eight contributing buildings was included in the listing.[1][2][3] It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1976.[4]

History
The Historic Home of the Commandants

The buildings at the Marine Barracks are some of the oldest in Washington.[5] In 1801, President Thomas Jefferson and Lt. Col. William Ward Burrows, the commandant of the Marine Corps, rode horses about the new capital to find a place suitable for the Marines near the Washington Navy Yard.[6] They chose a location within marching distance of both the Navy Yard and the Capitol[7] and hired architect George Hadfield to design the barracks and the Commandant's House.

When the British burned Washington during the War of 1812, they also captured the Marine barracks. It is traditionally held within the Marine Corps that, out of respect for the brave showing of the Marines at the Battle of Bladensburg, the British refrained from burning the barracks and the Commandant's house.[6]

Though neither Admiral Cockburn nor General Ross mentioned the Marines specifically in their conversation with the wounded Commodore Barney, it is now widely acknowledged that the compliment extends towards both Barney's Flotilla men and the 103 Marines present.

This was simply due to the fact that Miller's Marines had brought heavier field guns and small arms to act as the core of Barney's line. There is little doubt that Barney's sailors would have held their ground had it not been for the cannons dispensing grape and canister volley after volley into the 85th Regiment of Foot (Light Infantry).

This is supported by the fact that Baltimore artillery (also covering the bridge at the Washington Turnpike) on the Marines' right flank was only firing round shot in an attempt to stop Thornton from crossing the bridge. Round shot, in general, is very ineffective against dispersed troops such as the light infantry of the 85th.

This account of events still survives:

The people of the flotilla, under the orders of Captain Barney and the Marines, were justly applauded for their excellent conduct on this occasion. No troops could have stood better; and the fire of both artillery and musketry has been described as to the last degree severe. Captain Barney himself, and Captain Miller, of the Marine Corps, in particular, gained much additional reputation; and their conspicuous gallantry caused a deep and general regret that their efforts could not have been sustained by the rest of the army.

The Final Stand at Bladensburg, Maryland, 24 August 1814

The "last stand" of the sailors and Marines is to this day immortalized by Col. Charles Waterhouse's painting of Captain Miller's Marines manning two of the three 12 lb Gribeuaval type cannons. The three guns themselves were hauled from the Marine barracks onto the battlefield to cover a strategic bridgehead.

This event has also been marked by sculptor Joanna Blake of Cottage City in her "Undaunted in Battle." It shows a wounded Barney being helped by a Marine and flanked by a sailor presumably representing a member of the "Flotilla." The background shows a wheeled cannon, likely one of the three hauled to the battlefield by the Marines. Ones that proved so decisive in holding off the British even if for a brief moment.

Square 927, now the block surrounded by 8th & I,[8] and 9th & G Streets S.E., was entered in the National Register of Historic Places in 1972, and was then designated a National Historic Landmark by the Department of the Interior in 1976.[9]

8th and I has been the home of the Silent Drill Platoon and the Marine Band since the barracks' establishment in 1801 and the residence of the Commandant since 1806 when the Commandant's House was completed. The Commandant's house is the only original building left in the complex, the remainder having been rebuilt in 1900 and 1907.[7] The Marine Corps Institute moved to the barracks from its previous home at Marine Barracks Quantico in 1920. The Drum and Bugle Corps has been based at the barracks since its formation in 1934.

Marine battalion in front of Commandant's House at the Marine Barracks in 1864

The barracks complex is one of the oldest government buildings in continuous use in Washington, D.C., though some sources conflict on whether the White House is a year older.[6] While traditionally known as the "oldest post in the Corps", Marines did serve at the Charlestown Navy Yard in Boston a year earlier, though they did not have a permanent detachment until 1805 nor a barracks until 1810, and it was vacated in 1974.[7] The Tun Tavern is considered the birthplace of the Corps, having been used for one of the first Continental Marines' recruiting drives in 1775,[10] though it is disputed if it occurred before one at Samuel Nicholas's family tavern, the Conestoga Waggon [sic].[11][12]

Units
  • Headquarters and Service Company
   * Marine Corps Enlisted Aide Program
  • Ceremonial Companies A & B
   *The United States Marine Corps Color Guard - part of Company A
   *Marine Corps Silent Drill Platoon - part of Company A
   * Marine Corps Body Bearers - part of Company B
  • Guard Company
   * Marines serving the White House Communications Agency
  • Security Company

Duties
The United States Marine Band at the Friday Evening Parade.
  • Funeral escort for Marines and dignitaries.
  • Ceremonial honor guard for state functions.
  • Security forces for Camp David and the White House Communications Agency.
  • Parades:
  • Provided military correspondence courses for Marines and other services through tenant Marine Corps Institute. - Officially Deactivated 1 October 2015
  • Training to maintain MOS proficiency and emergency preparedness.

The Marines assigned to the D.C. barracks must meet strict height, weight, and background check standards, since they perform in ceremonial parades, funerals, and other ceremonies for presidential and other national dignitaries. During the summer months, a sunset parade is held every Tuesday evening at the Marine Corps War Memorial in Rosslyn, Virginia near Arlington National Cemetery. In addition, an evening parade takes place at the Barracks every Friday evening from late spring until the end of summer. Since 2018, the sunset parade from the Barracks is broadcast on Facebook Live on select dates via the official FB page of the US Marine Corps, weather conditions permitting.

See also


References
  1. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
  2. "Form 10-300: National Register of Historic Places Inventory - Nomination Form". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. December 27, 1972. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
  3. "Form 10-301A: National Register of Historic Places Property Photograph Form". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 4, 1973. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
  4. "United States Marine Corps Barrack And Commandant'S House". National Historic Landmark. National Park Service. Archived from the original on 11 October 2012. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
  5. "Barracks History". Marine Barracks Washington, United States Marine Corps. Retrieved 2008-01-24.
  6. Dorr, Robert F.; Borch, Fred L. (2009-04-13). "Marine Barracks embodies rich history of the Corps". The Lore of the Corps. Marine Corps Times. p. 38. Retrieved 2009-04-09.
  7. Sanborn, James K. (April 26, 2010). "The Corps' Oldest Posts". Marine Corps Times. p. 3.
  8. "Marine Barracks 8th & I". Marine Barracks Washington, United States Marine Corps. Retrieved 2008-01-24.
  9. "United States Marine Corps Barrack and Commandant's House". National Park Service. Archived from the original on 2008-04-07. Retrieved 2008-01-24.
  10. Chenoweth, Col H. Avery; Nihart, Col Brooke (2005). Semper Fi: The Definitive Illustrated History of the U.S. Marines. New York: Main Street. ISBN 1-4027-3099-3.
  11. Hoffman, Jon T. (2002). USMC: A Complete History. New York City, New York: Universe Publishing.
  12. Simmons, Edwin Howard (2003). The United States Marines: A History, 4th Edition. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-59114-790-5.

 This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Marine Corps.

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