MOSCED

MOSCED (short for “modified separation of cohesive energy density model) is a thermodynamic model for the estimation of limiting activity coefficients (also known as activity coefficient at infinite dilution).[1][2] From a historical point of view MOSCED can be regarded as an improved modification of the Hansen method and the Hildebrand solubility model by adding higher interaction term such as polarity, induction and separation of hydrogen bonding terms. This allows the prediction of polar and associative compounds, which most solubility parameter models have been found to do poorly. In addition to making quantitative prediction, MOSCED can be used to understand fundamental molecular level interaction for intuitive solvent selection and formulation.

In addition to infinite dilution, MOSCED can be used to parameterize excess Gibbs Free Energy model such as NRTL, WILSON, Mod-UNIFAC to map out Vapor Liquid Equilibria of mixture. This was demonstrated briefly by Schriber and Eckert [3] using infinite dilution data to parameterize WILSON equation.

The first publication is from 1984 and a major revision of parameters has been done 2005. This revised version is described here.

Basic principle

Deviations Chart

MOSCED uses component-specific parameters describing electronic properties of a compound. These five properties are partly derived from experimental values and partly fitted to experimental data. In addition to the five electronic properties the model uses the molar volume for every component.

These parameters are then entered in several equations to obtain the limiting activity coefficient of an infinitely diluted solute in a solvent. These equations have further parameters which have been found empirically.

The authors[2] found an average absolute deviation of 10.6% against their database of experimental data. The database contains limiting activity coefficients of binary systems of non-polar, polar and hydrogen compounds, but no water. As can be seen in the deviation chart, the systems with water deviate significantly.

Due to such huge deviation of water as solute as seen in the chart, new water parameters are regressed to improve results.[4] All the data for regression were taking from Yaws Handbook of Properties for Aqueous System.[5] Using the old water parameter, for water in organics, Root Mean Square Deviation(RMSD) for ln (γ) was found to be around 2.864% and Average Absolute Error(AAE) for (γ) around 3056.2 %.[4] That is a significant error which might explain the deviation as seen from the graph. With the new water parameters for water in organics, RMSD for ln (γ) decreased to 0.771% and AAE for (γ) also decreased to 63.2%.[4] The revised water parameters can be found in the table below titled "Revised water".

Equations

,
,

with

ParameterDescription
νMolar liquid volume
λDispersion parameter
qInduction parameter
τPolarity parameter
αHydrogen-bond acidity parameter
βHydrogen-bond basicity parameter
ξ and ψAsymmetry factors
d12Combinatorial term (modified Flory-Huggins)
Index 1Solvent
Index 2Solute

Important note: The value 3.4 in the equation for ξ is different from the value 3.24 in the original publication. The 3.24 has been verified to be a typing error.[6]

The activity coefficient of the solute and solvent can be extended to other concentrations by applying the principle of the Margules equation. This gives:

where

is the volume fraction and the mole fraction of compound i. The activity coefficient of the solvent is calculated with same equations, but interchanging indices 1 and 2.

Model parameters

The model uses five component specific properties to characterize the interaction forces between a solute and its solvent. Some of these properties are derived from other known component properties and some are fitted to experimental data obtained from data banks.

Liquid molar volume

The molar liquid volume ν is given in cm³/mol and assumed to be temperature-independent.

Dispersion parameter

The dispersion parameter λ describes the polarizability of a molecule.

Polarity parameter

The polarity parameter τ describes the fixed dipole of a molecule.

Induction parameter

The induction parameter q describes the effects of induced dipoles (induced by fixed dipoles). For structures with an aromatic ring the value is set to 0.9, for aliphatic rings and chains this value is set on 1. For some compounds the q-parameter is optimized between 0.9 and 1 (e.g. hexene, octene).

Acidity and basicity parameters

These parameters describe the effects of hydrogen-bonding during solving and association.

Parameter table

Name ν λ τ q α β
propane75.713.100.001.000.000.00
1-phenyl-1-butanone145.216.464.981.000.886.54
butane96.513.700.001.000.000.00
acetophenone117.416.166.500.901.717.12
pentane116.014.400.001.000.000.00
epsilon-caprolactone106.816.429.651.000.4313.06
isopentane117.113.870.001.000.000.00
dichloromethane64.415.946.230.963.980.92
cyclopentane94.616.550.001.000.000.00
chloroform80.515.614.500.965.800.12
hexane131.414.900.001.000.000.00
carbon tetrachloride97.116.541.821.011.250.64
cyclohexane108.916.740.001.000.000.00
1,1-dichloroethane84.716.776.220.923.281.56
methylcyclopentane113.016.100.001.000.000.00
1,2-dichloroethane79.416.606.580.942.421.34
3-methylpentane130.414.680.001.000.000.00
1,1,1-trichloroethane100.316.543.151.011.050.85
2-methylpentane132.914.400.001.000.000.00
trichloroethylene90.117.192.961.002.070.21
2,3-dimethylbutane131.214.300.001.000.000.00
1-chlorobutane105.115.493.381.000.111.17
2,2-dimethylbutane133.713.770.001.000.000.00
chlorobenzene102.316.724.170.890.002.50
heptane147.015.200.001.000.000.00
bromoethane75.315.724.411.000.221.56
methylcyclohexane128.216.060.001.000.000.00
bromobenzene105.617.104.290.890.003.13
cycloheptane121.717.200.001.000.000.00
iodomethane62.719.134.211.001.160.83
3-methylhexane146.414.950.001.000.000.00
diiodomethane81.021.905.191.002.402.08
2,2-dimethylpentane148.914.260.001.000.000.00
iodoethane93.617.393.581.000.511.96
2,4-dimethylpentane150.014.290.001.000.000.00
acetonitrile52.913.7811.511.003.498.98
2,3,4-trimethylpentane159.514.940.001.000.000.00
propionitrile70.914.959.821.001.086.83
octane163.415.400.001.000.000.00
butyronitrile87.914.958.271.000.008.57
2,2,4-trimethylpentane165.514.080.001.000.000.00
benzonitrile103.015.438.210.900.157.41
ethylcyclohexane143.016.340.001.000.000.00
glutaronitrile95.815.1212.591.003.769.11
cyclooctane134.917.410.001.000.000.00
nitromethane54.113.4812.441.004.074.01
2,5-dimethylhexane165.614.740.001.000.000.00
nitroethane72.014.689.961.001.194.72
nonane179.615.600.001.000.000.00
1-nitropropane89.515.178.621.000.285.83
decane195.815.700.001.000.000.00
2-nitropropane90.614.608.301.000.553.43
dodecane228.616.000.001.000.000.00
nitrobenzene102.716.068.230.900.983.29
tetradecane261.316.100.001.000.000.00
dimethylformamide (DMF)77.415.959.511.001.2222.65
hexadecane294.216.200.001.000.000.00
N,N-dibutylformamide182.015.995.021.000.2414.07
squalane526.114.490.001.000.000.00
N,N-dimethylacetamide93.015.869.461.000.0021.00
1-pentene110.314.640.250.900.000.24
N,N-diethylacetamide124.515.666.711.000.2518.67
1-hexene125.815.230.220.930.000.29
N-methylformamide59.115.558.921.008.0722.01
1-octene157.815.390.440.950.000.51
N-methylacetamide76.916.225.901.005.2823.58
α-pinene159.017.320.150.950.001.30
N-ethylacetamide94.316.074.911.004.1422.45
benzene89.516.713.950.900.632.24
aniline91.616.519.410.906.516.34
toluene106.716.613.220.900.572.23
2-pyrrolidone76.816.7211.361.002.3927.59
p-xylene123.916.062.700.900.271.87
N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP)96.617.649.341.000.0024.22
ethylbenzene122.916.782.980.900.231.83
1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one114.116.748.311.000.0020.75
isopropylbenzene139.917.093.230.900.202.57
1,5-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidinone115.216.508.451.000.0022.66
butylbenzene156.617.102.510.900.101.83
N-formylmorpholine100.616.1010.911.002.4219.29
methanol40.614.433.771.0017.4314.49
pyridine80.916.396.130.901.6114.93
ethanol58.614.372.531.0012.5813.29
2,6-dimethylpyridine116.715.954.160.900.7313.12
1-propanol75.114.931.391.0011.9710.35
quinoline118.516.845.960.902.1712.10
2-propanol76.813.951.951.009.2311.86
sulfolane95.316.4912.161.001.3613.52
1-butanol92.014.821.861.008.4411.01
dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)71.316.1213.361.000.0026.17
2-butanol92.014.501.561.008.0310.21
dioxane85.716.966.721.000.0010.39
2-methyl-2-propanol94.714.472.551.005.8011.93
tetrahydrofuran81.915.784.411.000.0010.43
2-methyl-1-propanol92.914.191.851.008.3010.52
diethyl ether104.713.962.791.000.006.61
1-pentanol108.515.251.461.008.109.51
dipropyl ether137.615.202.001.000.005.25
1-hexanol125.215.021.271.007.569.20
dibutyl ether170.415.131.731.000.005.29
1-octanol158.215.081.311.004.229.35
diisopropyl ether141.814.721.901.000.006.39
phenol88.916.664.500.9025.145.35
methyl tert-butyl ether119.915.172.481.000.007.40
benzyl alcohol103.816.565.031.0015.016.69
anisole109.216.545.630.900.753.93
3-methylphenol (m-cresol)105.017.864.160.9027.152.17
tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether221.116.086.731.000.0013.53
2-ethoxyethanol97.315.127.391.003.7716.84
acetic acid57.614.963.231.0024.037.50
methyl acetate79.813.597.541.000.008.38
dimethyl carbonate84.717.818.051.000.007.32
ethyl acetate98.614.515.741.000.007.25
acetaldehyde56.513.768.481.000.006.50
propyl acetate115.813.985.451.000.007.53
butanal90.415.115.971.000.005.27
butyl acetate132.015.224.161.000.006.40
carbon disulfide60.619.671.041.000.590.33
benzyl acetate142.916.176.840.900.545.53
triethylamine139.714.491.021.000.007.70
methyl formate62.118.798.291.000.378.62
tributyl phosphate345.015.054.871.000.0014.06
ethyl benzoate144.116.484.971.000.282.40
water36.010.5810.481.0052.7815.86
diethyl phthalate199.716.336.141.001.077.81
argon57.19.8401.000
acetone73.813.718.301.000.0011.14
oxygen52.98.8401.000
2-butanone90.214.746.641.000.009.70
nitrogen50.07.4801.000
2-pentanone107.315.075.491.000.008.09
carbon monoxide49.08.1501.000
cyclohexanone104.115.806.401.000.0010.71
carbon dioxide42.28.725.681.01.870
4-methyl-2-pentanone125.815.274.711.000.006.34
258.615.1810.720.99.794.75
2-heptanone140.714.724.201.000.006.08
Revised Water26.606.5314.491.0045.3412.81
275.915.2510.830.97.205.11

References

  1. Thomas, Eugene R; Eckert, Charles A (1984). "Prediction of limiting activity coefficients by a modified separation of cohesive energy density model and UNIFAC". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development. 23 (2): 194–209. doi:10.1021/i200025a002.
  2. Lazzaroni, Michael J; Bush, David; Eckert, Charles A; Frank, Timothy C; Gupta, Sumnesh; Olson, James D (2005). "Revision of MOSCED Parameters and Extension to Solid Solubility Calculations". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 44 (11): 4075–83. doi:10.1021/ie049122g.
  3. Schreiber, L. B.; Eckert, C. A. (1971-10-01). "Use of Infinite Dilution Activity Coefficients with Wilson's Equation". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development. 10 (4): 572–576. doi:10.1021/i260040a025. ISSN 0196-4305.
  4. Dhakal, Pratik; Paluch, Andrew S (2018-01-08). "Assessment and Revision of the MOSCED Parameters for Water: Application to Limiting Activity Coefficients and Binary Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 57 (5): 1689–1695. doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04133. ISSN 0888-5885.
  5. Yaws, C. L. Yaws' Handbook of Properties for Aqueous Systems; Knovel, 2012.
  6. Sumnesh Gupta: “Our recommendation is to use 3.4 in the MOSCED equation.”

Further reading

  • Dhakal, Pratik; Roese, Sydnee N; Stalcup, Erin M; Paluch, Andrew S (2017). "GC-MOSCED: A group contribution method for predicting MOSCED parameters with application to limiting activity coefficients in water and octanol/water partition coefficients". Fluid Phase Equilibria. 470: 232–240. doi:10.1016/j.fluid.2017.11.024.
  • Dhakal, Pratik; Paluch, Andrew S (2018). "Assessment and Revision of the MOSCED Parameters for Water: Application to Limiting Activity Coefficients and Binary Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 57 (5): 1689–1695. doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04133.
  • Dhakal, Pratik; Roese, Sydnee N.; Stalcup, Erin M.; Paluch, Andrew S. (26 January 2018). "Application of MOSCED To Predict Limiting Activity Coefficients, Hydration Free Energies, Henry's Constants, Octanol/Water Partition Coefficients, and Isobaric Azeotropic Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium". Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data. 63 (2): 352–364. doi:10.1021/acs.jced.7b00748. ISSN 0021-9568.
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