List of things named after J. R. R. Tolkien and his works
The British author J. R. R. Tolkien (1892–1973) and the names of fictional characters and places he invented for his legendarium have become the namesake of various things around the world, including street names, mountains, companies, species of animals and plants, and other notable objects.
Astronomy
- The asteroids 2991 Bilbo and 2675 Tolkien were both discovered and named in 1982.[1][2]
- The Kuiper Belt object 385446 Manwë and its moon Thorondor were discovered in 2003.
- The trans-Neptunian object 174567 Varda and its moon Ilmarë were discovered in 2006 and 2011 (respectively) and named in 2014.
- The mars-crossing asteroid 378214 Sauron was discovered in 2007.
- Mordor is the unofficial name of a large dark area near the north pole of Charon, Pluto's largest moon.[3][4] It is named after the shadow lands in Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, which it strongly resembles in shape. The discovery team has been using the name informally and may submit it to the International Astronomical Union.[5]
- Several astronomical objects such as stars, nebulas and an entire galaxy have been nicknamed after the Eye of Sauron.
Geography of Titan
By convention, certain classes of features on Saturn's moon Titan are named after elements from Middle-earth.[6] Colles (small hills or knobs) are named for characters,[7] while montes (mountains) are named for mountains of Middle-earth.[8]
Colles
Collis[7] | Coordinates | Diameter (km) | Named after |
---|---|---|---|
Arwen Colles | 7.5°S 250.0°W | 64 | Arwen, character from The Lord of the Rings |
Bilbo Colles | 4.2°S 38.6°W | 164 | Bilbo Baggins, titular character of The Hobbit |
Faramir Colles | 4.0°N 153.8°W | 82 | Faramir, character from The Lord of the Rings |
Gandalf Colles | 14.6°N 209.5°W | 102 | Gandalf, character from The Lord of the Rings |
Handir Colles | 10.0°N 356.7°W | 100 | Handir, character from The Silmarillion |
Nimloth Colles | 11.9°N 151.3°W | 90 | Nimloth, name of a character and a tree from Middle-earth |
Montes
Mons | Coordinates | Named after |
---|---|---|
Angmar Montes | 10.0°S 221.0°W | Mountains of Angmar |
Dolmed Montes | 11.6°S 216.8°W | Mount Dolmed |
Doom Mons | 14.65°S 40.42°W | Mount Doom |
Echoriat Montes | 7.4°S 213.8°W | Echoriath |
Erebor Mons | 4.97°S 36.23°W | Erebor, the Lonely Mountain |
Gram Montes | 9.9°S 207.9°W | Mount Gram |
Irensaga Montes | 5.68°S 212.71°W | Irensaga |
Merlock Montes | 8.9°S 211.8°W | Merlock Mountains |
Mindolluin Montes | 3.3°S 208.96°W | Mindolluin |
Misty Montes | 56.8°N 62.44°W | Misty Mountains |
Mithrim Montes | 2.16°S 127.42°W | Mountains of Mithrim |
Moria Montes | 15.1°N 190.5°W | Mountains of Moria |
Rerir Montes | 4.8°S 212.1°W | Mount Rerir |
Taniquetil Montes | 3.67°S 213.26°W | Taniquetil |
Companies and other entities
- Iron Crown Enterprises produces role playing, board, miniature, and collectible card games since 1980. Many of ICE’s better-known products were related to Tolkien’s world of Middle-earth. It was named after the crown worn by Morgoth.[9]
- Middle-earth Enterprises, formerly known as Tolkien Enterprises, is a trading name for a division of The Saul Zaentz Company, located in Berkeley, California. The company owns the worldwide exclusive rights to certain elements of J. R. R. Tolkien's two most famous literary works: The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit. These elements include the titles of the works, the names of characters contained within as well as the names of places, objects and events within them, and certain short phrases and sayings from the works.[10]
- Palantir Technologies is a private American software and services company, specializing in data analysis. Named after the crystal balls from Tolkien's legendarium, Palantir's original clients were federal agencies of the United States Intelligence Community like CIA and NSA.[11]
- Lembas Capital is a San Francisco-based investment firm named after the Elven waybread that appears in The Lord of the Rings and The Silmarillion. The company invests in both public equity and private equity.[12]
- The Tolkien Estate is the legal body which manages the property of J. R. R. Tolkien, including the copyright in his works. The individual copyrights have for the most part been assigned by the Estate to subsidiary entities such as the J. R. R. Tolkien Discretionary Settlement and The Tolkien Trust.[13][14]
- Anduril Industries[15]
- Mithril, a decentralized social media platform[16]
- The Rivendell Winery operated from 1987 to December 2008 in New York's Hudson River Valley; in 2003 Rivendell's 2003 Dry Riesling captured the Governor’s Cup at the 19th annual New York Wine and Food Classic.[17]
Mountains
- Three mountains in the Cadwallader Range of British Columbia, Canada, have been named after Tolkien's characters. These are Mount Shadowfax, Mount Gandalf and Mount Aragorn.[18][19]
- On 1 December 2012, it was announced in the New Zealand press that a bid was launched for the New Zealand Geographic Board to name a mountain peak near Milford Sound after Tolkien for historical and literary reasons and to mark Tolkien's 121st birthday.[20]
Music
The new-age group Shadowfax took its name from Gandalf the White's horse named Shadowfax.
Ships
A gaff-topsail schooner of Netherlands registry used for passenger cruises on the Baltic Sea and elsewhere in European waters was named J.R. Tolkien in 1998.
Street names and places
The "Tolkien Road" in Eastbourne, East Sussex, was named after Tolkien whereas the "Tolkien Way" in Stoke-on-Trent is named after Tolkien's eldest son, Fr. John Francis Tolkien, who was the priest in charge at the nearby Roman Catholic Church of Our Lady of the Angels and St. Peter in Chains.[21] In the Hall Green and Moseley areas of Birmingham there are a number of parks and walkways dedicated to J. R. R. Tolkien—most notably, the Millstream Way and Moseley Bog.[22] Collectively the parks are known as the Shire Country Parks.[22] In the Dutch town of Geldrop, near Eindhoven, the streets of an entire new neighbourhood are named after Tolkien himself ("Laan van Tolkien") and some of the best-known characters from his books. Also in Weston-super-Mare, Somerset, England there are a collection of roads in the 'Weston Village' named after locales of Middle Earth, namely Hobbiton Road, Bree Close, Arnor Close, Rivendell, Westmarch Way and Buckland Green.
In the Silicon Valley towns of Saratoga and San Jose in California, there are two housing developments with street names drawn from Tolkien's works. About a dozen Tolkien-derived street names also appear scattered throughout the town of Lake Forest, California. The Columbia, Maryland, neighbourhood of Hobbit's Glen and its street names (including Rivendell Lane, Tooks Way, and Oakenshield Circle) come from Tolkien's works.[23] The city of Carlsbad, California has a street named Tolkien Way. The Bend, Oregon housing development Forest Creek (formerly "The Shire") features the Tolkien-inspired names Ring Bearer Court, Shire Lane, and Wizard Lane.
Taxonomy
It has been noted that "Tolkien has been accorded formal taxonomic commemoration like no other author."[24] In the field of taxonomy, over 80 taxa (genera and species) have been given scientific names honouring, or deriving from, characters or other fictional elements from The Lord of the Rings, The Hobbit, and other works set in Middle-earth.[11] Several taxa have been named after the character Gollum (also known as Sméagol), as well as for various hobbits, the small humanlike creatures such as Bilbo and Frodo Baggins. Various elves, dwarves, and other creatures that appear in his writings as well as Tolkien himself have been honoured in the names of several species, including the amphipod Leucothoe tolkieni, and the wasp Shireplitis tolkieni. In 2004, the extinct hominid Homo floresiensis was described, and quickly earned the nickname "hobbit" due to its small size.[25] In 1978, paleontologist Leigh Van Valen named over 20 taxa of extinct mammals after Tolkien lore in a single paper.[26][27] In 1999, entomologist Lauri Kaila described 48 new species of Elachista moths and named 37 of them after Tolkien mythology.[11][28] The entomologist Karl-Johan Hedqvist, also a fan of Tolkien, named several wasp genera after Tolkien's characters.[29]
Taxon | Type | Named for | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
Abacophrastus hobbit | Beetle | Hobbits | "an allusion to the setose dorsal surface of the tarsi, analogous to the hairy feet of Tolkien’s Hobbits" | [30] |
Acledra nazgul | True bug | Nazgûl | [31][32] | |
Aglaophenia baggins | Hydrozoan | Baggins family | [33] | |
Aletodon mellon | Fossil mammal | Elvish language | Mellon is the elvish word for "friend" that opened the doors to Moria | [27] |
Amphiledorus ungoliantae | Spider | Ungoliant | Ungoliant is a giant spider. | [34] |
Astyanax lorien | Fish | lorien, from the Quenya language meaning "Dream Land", used in allusion to the "beautiful areas" inhabited by the Brazilian species | [35] | |
Ancalagon | Priapulid | Ancalagon the Black | [36] | |
Anisonchus eowynae | Fossil mammal | Éowyn | [27] | |
Ankalagon | Fossil mammal | Ancalagon the Black | [27] | |
Ansonia smeagol | Toad | Gollum | [37] | |
Anthracosuchus balrogus | Crocodyliform | Balrog | [38] | |
Arctoceras erebori | Ammonoid | Erebor, the lonely mountain | [39] | |
Balinia | Wasp | Balin | [40] | |
Balrogia | Wasp | Balrogs | [41] | |
Beorn | Tardigrade | Beorn | [42] | |
Beornia | Wasp | Beorn | [43] | |
Bomburia | Fossil mammal | Bombur, a dwarf | Later renamed Bomburodon.[lower-alpha 1] | [27][45] |
Borophagus orc | Fossil mammal | Orcs | [46] | |
Breviceps bagginsi | Frog | Bilbo Baggins | [47] | |
Bubogonia bombadili | Fossil mammal | Tom Bombadil | [27] | |
Chriacus calenancus | Fossil mammal | "Sindarin (Elvish) calen, green; anca, Jaws. Reference is to inferred herbivory" | [27] | |
Cristaphyes dordaidelosensis | Kinorhynch | Dor Daidelos | Arctic species named for "The Region of Everlasting Cold" in The Silmarillion | [48] |
Cristaphyes glaurung | Kinorhynch | Glaurung, a dragon | [48] | |
Cristaphyes scatha | Kinorhynch | Scatha the Worm | [48] | |
Claenodon mumak | Fossil mammal | Mûmakil, the elephants of Middle-earth | [27] | |
Deltatherium durini | Fossil mammal | Durin, name of several dwarves | Allusion is to size, being two-thirds the size of Deltatherium fundaminis | [27] |
Desmatoclaenus mearae | Fossil mammal | Mearas, the horses of Rohan | [27] | |
Earendil | Fossil mammal | Eärendil | [27] | |
Elachista aerinella | Moth | Aerin, a human | [28] | |
Elachista amrodella | Moth | Amrod, an elf | [28] | |
Elachista aranella | Moth | Aran-, | "E. aranella seems to owe its name to aran-, the 'royal prefix used by the Kings of Arthedain after Malvegil and by the Chieftains of the Dúnedain of the North to indicate their claim to all of Arnor'".[49] | [28] |
Elachista aredhella | Moth | Aredhel, an elf | [28] | |
Elachista arthadella | Moth | Arthad, a human | [28] | |
Elachista beorella | Moth | Bëor, a human | [28] | |
Elachista bregorella | Moth | Bregor, a human | [28] | |
Elachista caranthirella | Moth | Caranthir, an elf | [28] | |
Elachista curufinella | Moth | Curufin, an elf | [28] | |
Elachista daeronella | Moth | Daeron, an elf | [28] | |
Elachista dagnirella | Moth | Dagnir, a human | [28] | |
Elachista diorella | Moth | Dior Eluchíl | [28] | |
Elachista eilinella | Moth | Eilinel, a human | [28] | |
Elachista finarfinella | Moth | Finarfin, an elf | [28] | |
Elachista galadella | Moth | Galadhrim, the Silvan Elves | [28] | |
Elachista gildorella | Moth | Gildor Inglorion, an elf | [28] | |
Elachista gorlimella | Moth | Gorlim, a human | [28] | |
Elachista haldarella | Moth | Haldar, a human | [28] | |
Elachista ibunella | Moth | Ibûn, a dwarf | [28] | |
Elachista indisella | Moth | Indis, an elf | [28] | |
Elachista maglorella | Moth | Maglor, an elf | [28] | |
Elachista marachella | Moth | Marach, a human | [28] | |
Elachista miriella | Moth | Míriel Serindë, an elf | [28] | |
Elachista morwenella | Moth | Morwen, a human | [28] | |
Elachista neithanella | Moth | Túrin, a human | Neithan is a pseudonym of Túrin.[11] | [28] |
Elachista nienorella | Moth | Niënor, a human | [28] | |
Elachista olorinella | Moth | Gandalf | From Gandalf's alternate name Olórin | [28] |
Elachista ragnorella | Moth | Ragnor, a human | [28] | |
Elachista rianella | Moth | Rían, a human | [28] | |
Elachista telcharella | Moth | Telchar, a dwarf | [28] | |
Elachista telerella | Moth | Teleri | [28] | |
Elachista turgonella | Moth | Turgon, an elf, founder of Gondolin | [28] | |
Elachista tuorella | Moth | Tuor, a human | [28] | |
Elachista turinella | Moth | Túrin, a human | [28] | |
Entia | Wasp | Ents | A synonym for Boucekastichus | [50][51] |
Fimbrethil | Fossil mammal | Fimbrethil, the lost wife of Treebeard | [27] | |
Fimbrethil ambaronae | Fossil mammal | Ambaróna, a name for the forest Fangorn | [27] | |
Frodospira | Gastropod | Frodo Baggins | [52] | |
Gabrius tolkieni | Beetle | J. R. R. Tolkien | [53] | |
Galaxias gollumoides | Fish | Gollum | Gollumoides means "Gollum-like".[11] | [54] |
Gallogramma galadrieli | Prehistoric insect | Galadriel | [55] | |
Gandalfia | Flatworm | Gandalf | [56] | |
Gandalfus | Crab | Gandalf | A crab from the waters of New Zealand, where the Peter Jackson trilogy was filmed | [57] |
Gildoria | Wasp | Gildor Inglorion, an elf | [58] | |
Gimlia | Wasp | Gimli | [40] | |
Glaurung | Weigeltisaurid | Glaurung, a dragon | [59] | |
Gollum | Fish | Gollum | [60] | |
Gollumiella | Wasp | Gollum | [61] | |
Gollumjapyx | Dipluran | Gollum | [62] | |
Gollumjapyx smeagol | Dipluran | Gollum | [62] | |
Gwaihiria | Wasp | Gwaihir, Lord of the Eagles | [63] | |
Helicops nentur | Snake | Elvish language | "The name nentur is formed by the (Quenya) words nen (water) and tur (ruler, master)," referencing the aquatic habits of the species | [64] |
Iandumoema smeagol | Harvestman | Gollum | [65] | |
Ingerophrynus gollum | Toad | Gollum | [66] | |
Khamul | Wasp | Khamûl, a Nazgûl | [67] | |
Khamul gothmogi | Wasp | Gothmog, Lord of the Balrogs | [67] | |
Khamul tolkieni | Wasp | J. R. R. Tolkien | [67] | |
Laparocerus hobbit | Beetle | Hobbits | "The specific epithet ... refers to the Hobbits ... a literary fictitious race of people who have big and hairy feet; a metaphor of the swollen and hairy tarsi characteristic of this species." | [68] |
Legolasia | Wasp | Legolas | [69] | |
Leucothoe tolkieni | Amphipod | J. R. R. Tolkien | [70][71] | |
Litaletes ondolinde | Fossil mammal | Ondolindë, an alternate name of the Elven city Gondolin | [27] | |
Litoria sauroni | Frog | Sauron | [72] | |
Lopholatilus ereborensis | Fish | Erebor, the Lonely Mountain | [73] | |
Lotharingius frodoi | Coccolithophore | Frodo Baggins | [74] | |
Macrostyphlus bilbo | Beetle | Bilbo Baggins | ||
Macrostyphlus frodo | Beetle | Frodo Baggins | [63] | |
Macrostyphlus gandalf | Beetle | Gandalf | [63] | |
Marjumia bagginsi | Trilobite | Bilbo Baggins | [75] | |
Martesia (Paramartesia) tolkieni | Clam | J. R. R. Tolkien | "The name tolkieni honors the late J.R.R. Tolkien, creator of The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings, and many delightful creatures of long ago in the time of Middle-earth." | [76] |
Mimatuta minuial | Fossil mammal | Elvish language | [27] | |
Mimatuta morgoth | Fossil mammal | Morgoth | [27] | |
Mimotricentes mirielae | Fossil mammal | Míriel Ar-Zimraphel, a queen of Númenor | [27] | |
Mithrandir | Fossil mammal | Gandalf | [27] | |
Nazgulia | Wasp | Nazgûl | [77] | |
Nemesia ungoliant | Spider | Ungoliant | [78] | |
Niphredil | Fossil mammal | Niphredil, a flower in Middle Earth | [27] | |
Niphredil radagasti | Fossil mammal | Radagast the Brown | [27] | |
Ochyrocera laracna | Spider | Shelob | "Laracna" is Shelob's name in Portuguese | [79] |
Ochyrocera ungoliant | Spider | Ungoliant | [79] | |
Oinia | Wasp | Óin, a dwarf | [40] | |
Odontonia bagginsi | Shrimp | Baggins family | [80] | |
Oxyprimus galadrielae | Fossil mammal | Galadriel | [27] | |
Paraortygoides radagasti | Bird | Radagast | "For the wizard of Middle Earth, Radagast the Brown, rabid communicator with birds" | [81] |
Pericompsus bilbo | Beetle | Bilbo Baggins | "These beetles are short and robust much like Bilbo." | [82] |
Planois smaug | True bug | Smaug | [83][84] | |
Platymastus palantir | Fossil mammal | Palantir | [27] | |
Protoselene bombadili | Fossil mammal | Tom Bombadil | [27] | |
Protungulatum gorgun | Fossil mammal | Orcs | "Etymology: Gorgûn, the Woses' name for orcs in The Lord of the Rings, with reference to the Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation" | [27] |
Pseudopallenis palantir | Beetle | Palantir | ||
Psylla frodobagginsi | Psyllid | Frodo Baggins | [86] | |
Pycnophyes ancalagon | Kinorhynch | Ancalagon the Black, a dragon | [48] | |
Saurodocus hobbit | Amphipod | Hobbits | [87] | |
Sauron | Spider | Sauron | [88] | |
Sauroniops | Dinosaur | Sauron | The name has the intended meaning of "Eye of Sauron". | [89] |
Shireplitis | Wasp | The Shire | [90] | |
Shireplitis bilboi | Wasp | Bilbo Baggins | [90] | |
Shireplitis frodoi | Wasp | Frodo Baggins | [90] | |
Shireplitis meriadoci | Wasp | Meriadoc Brandybuck | [90] | |
Shireplitis peregrini | Wasp | Peregrin Took | [90] | |
Shireplitis samwisei | Wasp | Samwise Gamgee | [90] | |
Shireplitis tolkieni | Wasp | J. R. R. Tolkien | [90] | |
Smaug | Lizard | Smaug | [91] | |
Smeagol | Gastropod | Gollum | [11][92] | |
Smeagolia | Wasp | Gollum | [11][77] | |
Syconycteris hobbit | Bat | Hobbits | [11][93] | |
Tamolia ancalagon | True bug | Ancalagon the Black | [94] | |
Tetramorium nazgul | Ant | Nazgûl | [95] | |
Tetramorium smaug | Ant | Smaug | [95] | |
Thangorodrim thalion | Fossil mammal | Thangorodrim | "Sindarin (Elvish) thalion, strong. Reference is to the massive morphology [of the jaws and the generic name" | [27] |
Tinuviel | Fossil mammal | Tinuviel, an Elf | [27] | |
Unicauda fimbrethilae | Myxozoan | Fimbrethil | [96] | |
Yavanna | Tree fern | Yavanna | [97] | |
Notes
- Bomburia is also a genus of wasps, but was named for the dwarf of Norse mythology[44]
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