List of tallest buildings in Dallas

Dallas, the third largest city in the U.S. state of Texas, is the site of 36 completed high-rises over 350 feet (107 m), 19 of which stand taller than 492 feet (150 m).[1][2][3] The tallest building in the city is the Bank of America Plaza, which rises 921 feet (281 m) in Downtown Dallas and was completed in 1985. It also stands as the 3rd-tallest building in Texas and the 40th-tallest building in the United States.[4] The second-tallest skyscraper in the city is the Renaissance Tower, which rises 886 feet (270 m) and was completed in 1974.[5] The Comerica Bank Tower, completed in 1987 and rising 787 feet (240 m), is the third-tallest building in Dallas.[6] Three of the ten tallest buildings in Texas are located in Dallas.[7]

Bank of America PlazaRenaissance TowerComerica Bank TowerJPMorgan Chase TowerFountain PlaceTrammell Crow CenterThanksgiving TowerOne AT&T PlazaOne Main Place
Skyline of Dallas (use cursor to identify buildings)

The history of skyscrapers in the city began with the construction of the Praetorian Building in 1909. That building, rising 184 feet (56 m) and 14 floors,[8] is often regarded as the first skyscraper in Dallas[9] or even the entire Western United States;[10] it was demolished in 2013.[8] Dallas's first building standing more than 492 feet (150 m) was the Mercantile National Bank Building, completed in 1943.[11] During the 1980s energy boom, the city saw a significant number of completed projects.[12] There are currently four buildings under construction that are planned to rise at least 350 feet (107 m).[13][2][3] Overall, the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat ranks Dallas's skyline (based on existing and under construction buildings over 492 feet (150 m) tall) 3rd in the Southern United States (after Miami and Houston) and 9th in the United States.[lower-alpha 1]

Dallas Skyline (from the west) from Stevens Park Golf Course in Oak Cliff (2019)
The entire Dallas Skyline from West Dallas. Including Uptown Dallas and Downtown Dallas (March 2020)
The booming Uptown Dallas area is extending Dallas’ skyline well beyond its traditional boundaries of Downtown Dallas (2018)

Tallest buildings

As of July 2017, there are 33 high-rises in Dallas that stand at least 350 feet (107 m) tall, based on standard height measurement. This height includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna masts.[lower-alpha 2][1][2][3] Freestanding observation towers are included for comparison purposes but not ranked.[lower-alpha 3]

Rank Name Image Height
ft (m)
Floors Year Coordinates Notes
01.01 Bank of America Plaza 921 (280.7) 74 1985 32°46′47.9″N 96°48′14.3″W 178th-tallest building in the world;[lower-alpha 4] 32nd-tallest in the United States; 3rd-tallest in Texas. Tallest building constructed in Dallas in the 1980s. Tallest office building in Dallas.[4][24][25]
02.02 Renaissance Tower[lower-alpha 5] 886 (270.1) 56 1974 32°46′52.3″N 96°48′6.6″W 210th-tallest building in the world; 35th-tallest in the United States; 5th-tallest in Texas. Tallest building constructed in Dallas in the 1970s.[5][26][27][28]
03.03 Comerica Bank Tower 787 (239.9) 60 1987 32°46′53.7″N 96°47′47.3″W 478th-tallest in the world; 61st-tallest in the United States; 6th-tallest in Texas.[6][29][30]
04.04 JPMorgan Chase Tower 738 (225) 55 1987 32°47′16.2″N 96°47′48″W 11th-tallest in Texas.[31][32][33]
05.05 Fountain Place 720 (219.5) 62 1986 32°47′4.9″N 96°48′9.2″W 14th-tallest in Texas.[34][35][36]
06.06 Trammell Crow Center 686 (209.1) 50 1984 32°47′15.3″N 96°47′57.3″W 17th-tallest in Texas.[37][38][39]
07.07 1700 Pacific 655 (199.7) 50 1983 32°46′56.3″N 96°47′47.3″W 22nd-tallest in Texas.[40][41][42]
08.08 Thanksgiving Tower 645 (196.5) 50 1982 32°46′55.2″N 96°47′54.1″W [43][44][45]
09.09 Energy Plaza 629 (191.7) 49 1983 32°46′59.4″N 96°47′56.7″W [46][47][48]
10.010 The National 628 (191.4) 52 1965 32°46′53″N 96°48′2.4″W Tallest building constructed in Dallas in the 1960s.[49][50][51]
11.011 Gables Republic Tower (Republic Center Tower I) 602 (183.5) 36 1954 32°46′59.6″N 96°47′52.6″W Tallest building constructed in Dallas in the 1950s. Tallest residential building in Dallas since its renovation in 2007.[52][53][54]
12.012 Republic Center Tower II 598 (182.3) 50 1964 32°46′59.9″N 96°47′50.4″W [55][56][57]
13.013 One AT&T Plaza 580 (176.8) 37 1984 32°46′46.3″N 96°47′55.7″W [58][59][60]
14.014 Ross Tower 579 (176.5) 45 1984 32°47′3.4″N 96°48′0.7″W [61][62][63]
15.0-16.015 Museum Tower 560 (170.7) 42 2013 32°47′22″N 96°48′0.2″W Tallest building constructed in Dallas in the 2010s.[64][65][66]
Tower at Cityplace 560 (170.7) 42 1988 32°48′19.9″N 96°47′32.7″W Tallest building in the city outside of Downtown Dallas.[67][68][69]
17.0 Reunion Tower 560 (170.7) 1978 32°46′34.1″N 96°48′32.8″W [70][71]
18.017 Sheraton Dallas Hotel Central Tower 550 (167.6) 42 1959 32°47′6.4″N 96°47′41.5″W Tallest hotel in Dallas.[72][73][74]
19.018 Mercantile National Bank Building 523 (159.4) 31 1943 32°46′50.8″N 96°47′48.3″W Tallest building constructed in Dallas in the 1940s. The only major office building completed in the US during World War II.[11][75][76]
20.019 Bryan Tower 512 (156.1) 40 1973 32°47′7″N 96°47′46.9″W [77][78][79]
21.020 Harwood Center 483 (147.2) 36 1982 32°47′5.5″N 96°47′49.8″W [80][81][82]
22.021 717 Harwood 481 (146.6) 34 1980 32°47′8.4″N 96°47′53.4″W [83][84][85]
23.022 2100 Ross Avenue 456 (139) 33 1982 32°47′14.9″N 96°47′51.3″W [86][87][88]
24.023 Renaissance Dallas Hotel 451 (137.5) 29 1983 32°48′14.1″N 96°49′55.6″W [89][90][91]
25.0-26.024 Sheraton Dallas Hotel North Tower 448 (136.6) 31 1980 32°47′7.5″N 96°47′42.7″W [92][93][94]
One Dallas Center 448 (136.6) 30 1979 32°47′2.5″N 96°47′48.4″W [95][96][97]
27.026 One Main Place 445 (135.6) 34 1968 32°46′49.6″N 96°48′6.9″W [98][99][100]
28.026 Hall Arts Residences 440 (134.1) 28 2020 32°47′21.9″N 96°47′46.6″W [101]
29.027 W Dallas Victory Hotel & Residences 439 (133.8) 32 2006 32°47′18.8″N 96°48′32.8″W Tallest building constructed in Dallas in the 2000s.[102][103][104]
30.028 1600 Pacific Tower 434 (132.3) 31 1964 32°46′54.7″N 96°47′56″W [102][105][106]
31.029 Mosaic I 400 (121.9) 33 1959 32°46′56.6″N 96°47′59.2″W [107][108][109]
2101 North Pearl Tower I 400 (121.9) 32 2018 32°47′27.5″N 96°48′06.9″W [110]
31.032 Magnolia Building 399 (121.6) 27 1923 32°46′48.8″N 96°47′56.7″W Tallest building constructed in Dallas in the 1920s.[111][112][113]
32.033 The Katy 396 (120.7) 30 2018 32°47′39.3″N 96°48′48″W [114]
32.034 Azure 375 (114.3) 31 2007 32°46′48.8″N 96°47′56.7″W [115][116][117]
32.035 Bleu Ciel 374 (114) 30 2018 32°47′48.8″N 96°48′40.2″W [118]
33.036 Three AT&T Plaza 372 (113.4) 24 1928 32°46′43.7″N 96°47′55.8″W [119][120][121]
34.037 The House[lower-alpha 6] 371 (113) 28 2008 32°47′5.8″N 96°48′34.3″W [122]
35.038 AC Hotel/Residence Inn Downtown Dallas 360 (109.7) 22 1954 32°46′48.8″N 96°47′46.7″W [123][124]
32.039 The Christopher at the Union 355 (108.2) 29 2018 32°47′22.5″N 96°48′20.8″W [125]
36.040 Three Galleria Tower 354 (107.9) 26 1991 32°55′37.2″N 96°49′7.2″W [126][127][128]
37.041 Sheraton Dallas Hotel South Tower 352 (107.3) 28 1958 32°47′4.7″N 96°47′39.9″W [129][130][131]

Tallest under construction


New high-rises going up north of Downtown Dallas in Victory Park. The tallest building under construction in Victory Park is The Victor (which is pictured above in late March 2020).

As of April 2020, there are four buildings under construction in Dallas that are planned to rise at least 350 feet (107 m).[13][2][3][lower-alpha 7]

Name Height
ft (m)
Floors Year Notes
AMLI Fountain Place 562 (171.3) 46 2020[132] Construction started in September 2017.[133]
Atelier Tower 500 (152.4) 41 2020 Construction started in June 2018.
The Victor 453 (138.0) 39 2021 Construction started in late 2018.
The Link at Uptown 380 (115.8) 25 2021 Construction started in 2019
Atelier Tower under construction (Early April 2020)

Timeline of tallest buildings

Depiction of the Praetorian Building on a 1908 postcard; demolished 2013

Since 1909, the year the first high-rise in the city was constructed,[9] the title of the tallest building in Dallas has been held by eight high-rises.

Original name Years as tallest Height
ft (m)
Floors Reference
Praetorian Building[lower-alpha 8] 1909–1912 (3 years) 184 (56.1) 14 [8]
Adolphus Hotel 1912–1923 (11 years) 312 (95.1) 25 [134]
Magnolia Building 1923–1943 (20 years) 399 (121.6) 27 [111]
Mercantile National Bank Building 1943–1954 (11 years) 523 (159.4) 31 [11]
Republic National Bank Building 1954–1965 (11 years) 602 (183.5) 36 [52]
First National Bank Tower 1965–1974 (9 years) 628 (191.4) 52 [49]
First International Building[lower-alpha 5] 1974–1985 (11 years) 710 (216.4) 56 [5]
Bank of America Plaza 1985–present (35 years) 921 (280.7) 74 [4]

See also

Notes

  1. New York has 293 existing and under construction buildings over 492 feet (150 m),[14] Chicago has 128,[15] Miami has 56,[16] Houston has 39,[17] Los Angeles has 32,[18] San Francisco has 28,[19] Boston has 20,[20] Seattle has 20,[21] and Dallas has 19.[22]
  2. If two or more buildings are of the same height, they are listed in order of floor count, then alphabetically. The "Year" column indicates the year in which a building was completed.
  3. According to the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, freestanding observation towers with fewer than 50 percent of their height occupiable are not considered buildings.[23]
  4. Along with the Vitri Tower in Panama City, Panama.
  5. Originally constructed at a height of 710 feet (216 m), the building's height was extended in 1986.
  6. Height estimated by the CTBUH.
  7. Any buildings that have been topped out but are not completed are also included.
  8. Height estimated by Emporis. Demolished in 2013.

References

General
  • "Dallas". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
  • "Dallas". Emporis. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
  • "Dallas". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
  • "Texas Skyscraper Diagram (completed)". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
Specific
  1. "Dallas (completed)". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
  2. "High-rise buildings in Dallas". Emporis. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
  3. "Skyscrapers in Dallas". Emporis. Retrieved July 30, 2017.
  4. "Bank of America Plaza". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 19, 2017.
  5. "Renaissance Tower". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 19, 2017.
  6. "Comerica Bank Tower". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 19, 2017.
  7. "Texas Skyscraper Diagram (completed)". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 27, 2017.
  8. "Stone Place Tower". Emporis. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
  9. Harris, Genevieve. "Dallas' First Skyscraper". Dallas County Pioneer Association. Archived from the original on February 8, 2012. Retrieved August 24, 2012.
  10. "Praetorian Building". Dallas Public Library. Archived from the original on May 3, 2009. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
  11. "Mercantile Building". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  12. "Dallas". Emporis. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
  13. "Dallas (under construction / topped out)". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
  14. "New York City (completed / under construction / topped out 150m+)". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
  15. "Chicago (completed / under construction / topped out 150m+)". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
  16. "Miami (completed / under construction / topped out 150m+)". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
  17. "Houston (completed / under construction / topped out 150m+)". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
  18. "Los Angeles (completed / under construction / topped out 150m+)". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
  19. "San Francisco (completed / under construction / topped out 150m+)". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
  20. "Boston (completed / under construction / topped out 150m+)". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
  21. "Seattle (completed / under construction / topped out 150m+)". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
  22. "Dallas (completed / under construction / topped out 150m+)". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
  23. "CTBUH Height Criteria". CTBUH. Archived from the original on December 27, 2010. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
  24. "Bank of America Plaza". Emporis. Retrieved July 19, 2017.
  25. "Bank of America Plaza". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 19, 2017.
  26. "First International Building". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 19, 2017.
  27. "Renaissance Tower". Emporis. Retrieved July 19, 2017.
  28. "Renaissance Tower". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 19, 2017.
  29. "Comerica Bank Tower". Emporis. Retrieved July 19, 2017.
  30. "Comerica Bank Tower". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 19, 2017.
  31. "JPMorgan Chase Tower". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 19, 2017.
  32. "JPMorgan Chase Tower". Emporis. Retrieved July 19, 2017.
  33. "JPMorgan Chase Tower". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 19, 2017.
  34. "Fountain Place". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 19, 2017.
  35. "Fountain Place". Emporis. Retrieved July 19, 2017.
  36. "Fountain Place". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 19, 2017.
  37. "Trammel Crow Center". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  38. "Trammell Crow Center". Emporis. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  39. "Trammell Crow Center". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  40. "1700 Pacific". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  41. "1700 Pacific". Emporis. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  42. "1700 Pacific". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  43. "Thanksgiving Tower". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  44. "Thanksgiving Tower". Emporis. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  45. "Thanksgiving Tower". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  46. "Energy Plaza". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  47. "Energy Plaza". Emporis. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  48. "Energy Plaza". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  49. "The Drever". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  50. "Elm Place". Emporis. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  51. "Elm Place". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  52. "Gables Republic Tower". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  53. "Gables Republic Tower". Emporis. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  54. "Gables Republic Tower". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  55. "Republic Center Tower II". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  56. "Republic Center Tower II". Emporis. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  57. "Republic Center Tower II". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  58. "One AT&T Plaza". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  59. "Whitacre Tower". Emporis. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  60. "One AT&T Plaza". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  61. "Ross Tower". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  62. "Ross Tower". Emporis. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  63. "Lincoln Plaza". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  64. "Museum Tower". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  65. "Museum Tower". Emporis. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  66. "Museum Tower". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  67. "Tower at Cityplace". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  68. "Tower at Cityplace". Emporis. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  69. "Cityplace Center". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  70. "Reunion Tower". Emporis. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  71. "Reunion Tower". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  72. "Sheraton Dallas Hotel Central Tower". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  73. "Sheraton Dallas Hotel Central Tower". Emporis. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  74. "Sheraton Dallas Hotel". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  75. "The Merc". Emporis. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  76. "The Merc". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  77. "Bryan Tower". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  78. "Bryan Tower". Emporis. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  79. "Bryan Tower". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  80. "Harwood Center". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  81. "Harwood Center". Emporis. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  82. "Harwood Center". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  83. "KPMG Centre". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  84. "KPMG Centre". Emporis. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  85. "KPMG Center". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  86. "2100 Ross". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  87. "2100 Ross Avenue". Emporis. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  88. "2100 Ross". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  89. "Renaissance Dallas Hotel". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  90. "Renaissance Dallas Hotel". Emporis. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  91. "Renaissance Hotel". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  92. "Sheraton Dallas Hotel North Tower". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  93. "Sheraton Dallas Hotel North Tower". Emporis. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  94. "Adams Mark Hotel North Tower". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  95. "One Dallas Center". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  96. "One Dallas Center". Emporis. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  97. "Patriot Tower". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  98. "One Main Place". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  99. "One Main Place". Emporis. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  100. "One Main Place". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  101. "Hall Arts Residences of Dallas".
  102. "W Dallas Victory Hotel & Residences". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  103. "W Dallas Victory Hotel & Residences". Emporis. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  104. "W Dallas Victory Hotel & Residences". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  105. "LTV Tower". Emporis. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  106. "1600 Pacific Tower". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  107. "Mosaic I". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
  108. "Mosaic I". Emporis. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
  109. "Mosaic I". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
  110. "2101 North Pearl Tower I". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
  111. "Magnolia Building". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
  112. "Magnolia Hotel - Dallas". Emporis. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
  113. "Magnolia Hotel". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
  114. "Bleu Ciel". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
  115. "Azure". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
  116. "Azure". Emporis. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
  117. "Azure". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
  118. "Bleu Ciel". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
  119. "Three AT&T Plaza". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
  120. "Three AT&T Plaza". Emporis. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
  121. "Three AT&T Plaza". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
  122. "The House". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
  123. "AC Hotel/Residence Inn Downtown Dallas". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
  124. "AC Hotel Dallas Downtown". Emporis. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
  125. "The Christopher at the Union". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved February 10, 2019.
  126. "Three Galleria Tower". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
  127. "Three Galleria Tower". Emporis. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
  128. "Three Galleria Tower". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
  129. "Sheraton Dallas Hotel South Tower". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
  130. "Sheraton Dallas Hotel South Tower". Emporis. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
  131. "Sheraton Dallas Hotel South Tower". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
  132. https://www.constructionequipmentguide.com/archer-western-tops-out-amli-fountain-place-in-dallas/45518
  133. "Downtown Dallas: AMLI Fountain Place (562 FT / 46 ST)". The Skyscraper Center. Dallas Metropolis. Retrieved September 20, 2017.
  134. "Adolphus Hotel". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
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