List of long tunnels by type
This page presents the same tunnels as in list of tunnels by length in separate lists according to the different tunnel types.
Rail
Name | Location | Length in km (mi) | Year Completed | Line |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gotthard Base Tunnel | Switzerland (Alps) | 57.1 km (35.5 mi) | 2016 | Gotthardbahn Luzern/Zürich-Milan |
Seikan Tunnel | Japan (Tsugaru Strait) | 53.9 (33.5) | 1988 | Kaikyo Line (Hokkaidō Shinkansen) |
Channel Tunnel | France/United Kingdom (English Channel) | 50.5 (31.3) | 1994 | Eurostar |
Yulhyeon Tunnel | South Korea (Gyeonggi) | 50.3 km (31.3 mi)[1] | 2016[2] | Suseo High Speed Railway |
Songshan Lake Tunnel[3] | China (Dongguan) | 35.391 km (22.0 mi) | 2016 | Dongguan–Huizhou Intercity Railway |
Lötschberg Base Tunnel | Switzerland (Bernese Alps) | 34.5 (21.4) | 2007 | Lötschbergbahn Brig - Thun (- Bern - Basel) |
New Guanjiao Tunnel | China (Qinghai) | 32.645 km (20.3 mi), 2 tubes | 2014 | Qinghai–Tibet Railway |
Guadarrama Tunnel[4] | Spain (Sierra de Guadarrama) | 28.4 km (17.6 mi) | 2007 | LAV Madrid - Valladolid |
West Qinling Tunnel | China (Gansu) | 28.236 km (17.5 mi) & 28.236 km (17.5 mi), 2 tubes | 2016 | Qinghai–Tibet Railway |
Taihang Tunnel[5] | China (Shanxi) | 27.848 km (17.304 mi) & 27.839 km (17.298 mi), 2 tubes | 2007 | Shijiazhuang–Taiyuan High-Speed Railway |
Hakkōda Tunnel | Japan (Hakkōda Mountains) | 26.5 km (16.5 mi) | 2010 | Tōhoku Shinkansen |
XRL | Hong Kong (New Territories and Kowloon) | 26 km (16 mi) | 2018 | Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link Hong Kong Section (A further 4 km on the opposite side of the Hong Kong-China border.) |
Iwate-Ichinohe Tunnel | Japan (Ōu Mountains) | 25.8 (16.0) | 2002 | Tōhoku Shinkansen |
Many more tunnels exist that are shorter than 25 kilometres (16 mi) |
Under construction
Name | Location | Length | Expected completion | Line |
---|---|---|---|---|
Brenner Base Tunnel | Austria/Italy (Stubai Alps) | 55 km (34.2 mi) | 2028[6] | Brenner Railway |
Gaoligongshan Tunnel | China (Yunnan) | 34.531 km (21.5 mi) | 2022 | Dali-Ruili Railway |
Koralm Tunnel | Austria (Koralpe) | 32.9 km (20.4 mi) | 2026[7] | Koralm Railway |
Oshima Tunnel | Japan (Hokkaido) | 32.675 km (20.3 mi) | 2031 | Hokkaidō Shinkansen |
Mangkangshan Tunnel | China (Xizang) | 29.403 km (18.3 mi) | 2026 | Kangding-Linzhi Railway |
Ping'an Tunnel | China (Sichuan) | 28.398 km (17.6 mi) & 28.236 km (17.5 mi), 2 tubes | 2020 | Chengdu–Lanzhou Railway |
Semmering Base Tunnel | Austria (Raxalpe) | 27.3 km (17.0 mi) | 2027[8] | Southern Railway |
Sasson Tunnel | Japan (Hokkaido) | 26.23 km (16.3 mi) | 2031 | Hokkaidō Shinkansen |
Musil Tunnel | South Korea (Wonju) | 25.1 km (15.6 mi) | 2020 | Jungang Line |
Minshan Tunnel | China (Sichuan) | 25.047 km (15.6 mi) | 2020 | Chengdu–Lanzhou Railway |
Many more tunnels that are shorter than 25 kilometres (16 mi) are under construction |
Underground rapid transit
Only continuous tunnel sections should be included, at least 35 km long, excluding branches from the longest tunnel.
Name | System | Stations | Length in km (mi) | Year Completed |
---|---|---|---|---|
Line 3 | Guangzhou Metro | Airport South - Panyu Square | 60.4 (37.5) (longest branch) |
2005–2010 |
Line 10 | Beijing Subway | Xiju - Shoujingmao | 57.1 (35.5) | 2008–2012 |
Seoul Subway Line 5 | Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation | Banghwa - Macheon | 47.6 (29.6) (longest branch) |
1995–1996 |
Downtown Line | Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) | Bukit Panjang to Expo | 44.2 (27.5 mi) (+2.2 km in 2024) |
2017 |
Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya Line | Moscow Metro | Altufyevo - Bulvar Dmitriya Donskogo | 41.5 (25.7) | 1983–2002 |
Metro Madrid L-12: (Metro Sur) | Madrid Metro, Spain | circle route | 40.96 (25.5) | 2003 |
Toei Oedo Line | TMBT Subway, Japan | Hikarigaoka to Shiodome to Tocho-mae | 40.7 (25.3) | 1991–2000 |
Lyublinsko-Dmitrovskaya Line | Moscow Metro | Seligerskaya to Zyablikovo | 38.3 (23.8) | 1995–2018 |
Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya Line | Moscow Metro | Medvedkovo to Novoyasenevskaya | 37.8 (23.5) | 1958–1990 |
Circle Line | Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) | Dhoby Ghaut to HarbourFront | 35.7 (22.2) (+4 km in 2024) |
2009–2011 |
Busan Subway Line 2 | Busan Transportation Corporation | Jangsan - Dongwon | 35.5 km (22.1 mi) | 1991–1999 |
Seoul Subway Line 6 | Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation | Eungam Loop - Bonghwasan | 35.1 km (21.8 mi) | 1995–2001 |
Under construction
Only continuous tunnel sections should be included, at least 30 km long.
Name | System | Stations | Length in km (mi) | Expected completion |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ligne 15 | Paris Métro | (circle route, all underground) | 75 km (47 mi) | 2022–2030 |
Bolshaya Koltsevaya line | Moscow Metro | (circle route, all underground) | 69 km (43 mi)[9] | 2018 partially; other sections up to 2023 |
Cross Island Line | Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) | (Linear route with branch section, all underground) | 65.5 km (40.7 mi)
|
2029-2031 |
Line 18 | Guangzhou Metro | Guangzhou East railway station to Wanqingsha | 65.3 km (40.6 mi) | 2020 |
Thomson–East Coast Line | Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) | (Linear route, all underground excluding last 2 kilometers) | 56.4 km (35.0 mi) | 2019-2024 (extension to Tanah Merah expected beyond 2030) |
L9 / L10 | Barcelona Metro | 43.7 km (27.2 mi) (incl branches) | 2016 partially; central section unknown |
See also List of metro systems#Metro systems under construction.
Road
Name | Location | Length | Year | Tubes | Road | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lærdal | Norway (Lærdal - Aurland) | 24.51 km (15.2 mi) | 2000 | 1 | E16 | Longest road tunnel in the world. |
Yamate Tunnel | Japan (Tokyo) | 18.20 km (11.3 mi) | 2007 2010 2015 |
2 | C2, Shuto Expressway | Longest in-city road tunnel in the world. |
Zhongnanshan Tunnel | China (Shaanxi) | 18.04 km (11.2 mi) | 2007 | 2 | G65, Xi'an-Zhashui Expressway [10] | |
Jinpingshan Tunnel [11][12] | China (Sichuan) | 17.54 km (10.9 mi) | 2011 | 2 | between sites of Jinping-I and Jinping-II Hydropower Station | 2 tubes, 17.540 km and 17.485 km |
St. Gotthard | Switzerland (Uri - Ticino) | 16.918 km (10.5 mi) | 1980 | 1 | A2/E35 | "World's longest tunnel" 1980 - 2000 |
Mount Ovit Tunnel | Turkey (İkizdere - İspir) | 14.346 km (8.9 mi) | 2018[13] | 2 | D.925 | |
Ryfylke tunnel | Norway | 14.3 km (8.9 mi) | 2019 | 2 | 13 | The longest underwater road tunnel in the world |
Arlberg | Austria (Vorarlberg - Tyrol) | 13.972 km (8.7 mi) | 1978 | 1 | S16/E60 | "World's longest tunnel" 1979 - 1980 |
Xishan Tunnel | China (Shanxi) | 13.654 km (8.5 mi) | 2012 [14] | 2 | S56 Shanxi Taiyuan-Gujiao Expressway | Left tube:13.654 m, right tube:13.570 m |
Hongtiguan Tunnel | China (Shanxi) | 13.122 km (8.2 mi) | 2013 [15] | 2 | S76 Shanxi Changzhi-Pingshun Expressway | Left tube: 13.122 m, right tube: 13.098 m [16] |
Hsuehshan | Taiwan | 12.942 km (8.0 mi) | 2006 | 2 | 5 | |
Fréjus | France - Italy | 12.895 km (8.0 mi) | 1980 | 1 | E70 | |
KPE & MCE Expressway Tunnel | Singapore | 12.46 km (7.7 mi) | 2008 2013 |
1* | Kallang–Paya Lebar Expressway (KPE) and Marina Coastal Expressway (MCE) | Tunnel section of KPE (8.13 km) and MCE (4.33 km) are contiguous, hence classified as one tunnel. *Dual carriageway 12 Lanes of traffic (maximum width: 70m) with each direction separated only by a full-height wall, thus considered to be one tube. |
Maijishan Tunnel | China (Gansu) | 12.29 km (7.6 mi) | 2009 | 2 | G30, Baoji-Tianshui Expressway | 2 tubes, 12.290 km and 12.286 km |
Mt. Blanc | France - Italy (Alps) | 11.611 km (7.2 mi) | 1965 | 1 | E25 | "World's longest tunnel" 1965 - 1979 |
Gudvangen | Norway (Gudvangen - Flåm) | 11.428 km (7.1 mi) | 1991 | 1 | E16 | |
Yunshan Tunnel | China (Shanxi) | 11.408 km (7.1 mi) | 2014 | 2 | G2516 Dongyin-Luliang Expressway | Left tube: 11.408 m, right tube: 11.377 m |
Baojiashan Tunnel | China (Shaanxi) | 11.200 km (7.0 mi) | 2009 [17] | 2 | G65, Xi'an-Ankang Expressway | Left tube: 11.200 m, right tube: 11.195 m |
Folgefonna | Norway (Odda - Eitrheim) | 11.15 km (6.9 mi) | 2001 | 1 | 49 | |
Kan-etsu | Japan (Gunma - Niigata) | 11.055 km (6.9 mi) | 1985 1991 |
2 | Kan-Etsu Expressway | Two tubes (the older 10.926 m) |
Inje-Yangyang Tunnel | South Korea (Gangwon Province) | 10.962 km (6.85 mi) | 2017 | 2 | Seoul–Yangyang Expressway | 10.965 km (Seoul bound) / 10.962 km (Yangyang bound) |
Toven Tunnel[18] | Norway | 10.655 km (6.6 mi) | 2014 | 1 | 78 | |
Baotashan[19] | China (Shanxi) | 10.480 km (6.512 mi) | 2012 [20] | 2 | S66 Shanxi Hefen Expressway | Left tube: 10.192 m, right tube: 10.480 m |
Hida | Japan (Gifu) | 10.71 km (6.7 mi) | 2008 | 1 | Tokai-Hokuriku Expressway | |
Gran Sasso d'Italia | Italy (Abruzzo) | 10.176 km (6.3 mi) | 1984 1995 |
2 | A24 | Two tubes (the newer 10.173 m) |
Lowari Tunne | Pakistan | 10.4 km () | 1975 2017 |
2 | N-45 / Dir-Chitral Highway | Two tunnels: 8.5 km (5.3 mi) and 1.9 km (1.2 mi) |
Jondal Tunnel | Norway (Mauranger - Jondal) | 10.05 km (6.2 mi) | 2012 | 1 | 49 | |
Nibashan Tunnel[lower-alpha 1] | China (Sichuan) | 10.007 km (6.2 mi) | 2012 [21] | 2 | G5, Beijing-Kunming Expressway | 2 tubes, 10.007 km and 9.962 km |
Duplex A86 | France (Rueil-Malmaison - Versailles) | 10 km (6.2 mi) | 2009/2011 | 1* | A86 | *the two two-lane directions are superimposed (hence duplex) in one tube |
Many more tunnels exist that are shorter than 10 kilometres (6 mi) |
Under construction
Name | Location | Kilometres (km) | Year | Tubes | Road | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boknafjord Tunnel[22] | Norway (Stavanger) | 26.7 km (16.6 mi) [23] | 2027 | 2 | European route E39 | Mostly underwater. Will have a record depth of 390 m below sea level. A side tunnel (Kvitsøy Tunnel, 4 km) will connect Kvitsøy. Construction began on 4 January 2018. |
WestConnex | Australia (Sydney) | 19.0 km (11.8 mi) | 2023 (2019 and 2020 partial completion) | 2 | M4 East, M8 and M4 to M5 tunnel | Will be the longest in-city road tunnel in the world upon completion. |
Bypass Stockholm[24] | Sweden (Stockholm) | 16.5 km (10.3 mi) | 2030[25] | 2 | E4 | |
New Mount Zigana Tunnel[26] | Turkey (Maçka - Torul) | 14.481 km (9.0 mi) | 2020 | 2 | D.885, E97 | |
Zoji-la Tunnel | India (Jammu Kashmir) | 14.2 km (8.8 mi) | 2026[27] | 1 | Srinagar-Kargil-Leh highway[28] | |
Micangshan Tunnel | China (Sichuan) | 13.833 km (8.6 mi) | 2018 | 2 | Bazhong-Shaanxi Expressway | Left tube: 13.833 m, right tube: 13.792 m[29] |
New Erlangshan Tunnel | China (Sichuan) | 13.433 km (8.3 mi) | 2018 | 2 | Ya'an-Kangding Expressway | Left tube: 13.433 m, right tube: 13.381 m[30] |
Dongtianshan Tunnel | China (Xinjiang) | 13.240 km (8.2 mi) | 2020 | 1 | National Highway G575 | |
Huangtuliang Tunnel | China (Sichuan) | 13.010 km (8.1 mi) | 2021 | 2 | Mianyang-JiuzhaigouExpressway | |
NSC Expressway Tunnel | Singapore | 12.5 km (7.8 mi) | 2026 | 1 | North-South Corridor, Singapore | Tunnel sections of NSC are (10.4 km), while sub-surface section is (2.1 km). Dual carriageway of 6 lanes with each direction separated only by a full-height wall, thus considered to be one tube. |
Gaoloushan Tunnel | China (Gansu) | 12.248 km (7.6 mi) | 2020 | 2 | Pingliang-Mianyang Expressway | |
Yunshan Tunnel | China (Shanxi) | 11.408 km (7.1 mi) | ?? | 2 | S66 Shanxi Hefen Expressway | Left tube: 11.408 m, right tube: 11.377 m |
Eysturoyartunnilin | Faroe Islands | 11.240 km (7.0 mi) | 2020 | 1 | Forked with roundabout and 3 entries. Segments 7.5 km (4.7 mi), 2.2 km (1.4 mi) and 1.7 km (1.1 mi) long. | |
Sandoyartunnilin | Faroe Islands | 10.900 km (6.8 mi) | 2023[31] | 1 | ||
Many more tunnels that are shorter than 10 kilometres (6 mi) are under construction |
Water tunnels
Name | Location | Length in km (mi) | Year Completed | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delaware Aqueduct | New York, United States | 137.0 km (85.1 mi) | 1945 | Water supply. Drilled through solid rock. | |
Päijänne Water Tunnel | Southern Finland, Finland | 120.0 km (74.6 mi) | 1982 | Water supply (16 m2 cross section). | |
Dahuofang Water Tunnel | Liaoning Province, China | 85.3 km (53.0 mi) | 2009 | Water supply (8 m in diameter[32]) | |
Orange–Fish River Tunnel | South Africa | 82.8 km (51.4 mi) | 1975 | Irrigation. (22.5 m2 cross section) | |
Bolmen Water Tunnel | Kronoberg/Scania, Sweden | 82.0 km (51.0 mi) | 1987 | Water supply, 8 m2. | |
Želivka Water Tunnel[33] | Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic | 51.1 km (31.8 mi) | 1972 | Water supply, 5 m² | |
Arpa-Sevan Tunnel[34] | Armenia (at the time of construction USSR) |
48.3 km (30.0 mi) | 1981 | Water supply. | |
#1 Tunnel, Yellow River Diversion to Shanxi North Line | Shanxi, China | 43.7 km (27.2 mi) | 2011 | Water supply. | |
#7 Tunnel, Yellow River Diversion to Shanxi South Line | Shanxi, China | 43.5 km (27.0 mi) | 2002 | Water supply. | |
Kárahnjúkar Hydropower Plant | Eastern Region, Iceland | 39.7 km (24.7 mi) | 2003-2007 | Hydroelectric. 7.2-7.6 meters in diameter. Part of a wider complex of tunnels that are 72 kilometers in length combined | |
Quabbin Aqueduct | Massachusetts, United States | 39.6 km (24.6 mi) | 1905 | Water supply. | |
Evanger Hydropower Plant | Evanger, Norway | 34.4 km (21.4 mi) | 1977 | Hydroelectric. 30 m² | |
Talave Tunnel | Albacete, Spain | 31.8 km (19.8 mi) | 1979 | Part of the Tagus-Segura Water Transfer. | |
Evinos - Mornos Tunnel[35][36] | Aetolia-Acarnania, Greece | 29.4 km (18.3 mi) | 1992-1995 | Water supply. | |
Palacio - Río blanco Tunnel | Bogotá,Colombia | 28.4 km (17.6 mi) | 1984 | Water supply. [37] | |
Şanlıurfa Irrigation Tunnels | Turkey | 26.4 km (16.4 mi) | 2005 | Irrigation.[38] | |
Gilgel Gibe II Power Station headrace tunnel | Ethiopia | 26.0 km (16.2 mi) | 2005-2009 | Hydroelectric. Tunnel partially collapsed, was repaired in 2010.[39][40] | |
Grande Dixence headrace tunnel | Switzerland | 24.0 km (14.9 mi) | 1951-2010 | Hydroelectric. Total tunnel system 100km.[41] | |
Tala Hydroelectricity Project headrace tunnel | Bhutan | 22.0 km (13.7 mi) | 2004[42] | Hydroelectric. 6.8 meters in diameter. | |
Vorotan-Arpa Tunnel | Armenia | 21.7 km (13.5 mi) | 2004 | Water supply. | |
Olmos Transandino Project | Peru | 19.3 km (12.0 mi) | 2011[43] | Water supply. | |
Tatev Hydroelectric Power Station Water Tunnel | Armenia (at the time of construction Soviet Union) |
18.4 km (11.4 mi) | 1970 | Hydroelectric | |
Suruç Water Tunnel | Suruç, Şanlıurfa Province, Turkey | 17.2 km (10.7 mi) | 2014[44] | Irrigation. | |
Mavi Tünel (Blue Tunnel)[45] | Konya, Turkey | 17 km (10.6 mi) | 2012 | Irrigation. | |
Sri Ranganayaka Sagar - Kondapochamma Sagar Tunnel[46] | Telangana, India | 16.18 km[47] | 2020 | Part of Link - IV, Package - 12 of Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Project. | |
Inguri Hydroelectric Power Station Water Tunnel | Georgia (at the time of construction Soviet Union) |
15.3 km (9.5 mi) | 1978 | Hydroelectric | |
Many more tunnels exist that are shorter than 15 kilometres (9 mi) |
Under construction
Name | Location | Length in km (mi) | Year Completed | Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Srisailam Left Bank Canal Tunnel - I[48] | Srisailam Dam, India | 43.931 km (27.3 mi) | 2021[49] | Under construction by Jaypee Group[50] and Irrigation & CAD Department, Government of Telangana | ||
Melamchi Water Tunnel[51] | Nepal, Melamchi to Kathmandu | 26 km (16.2 mi) | 2015 (??) | Under construction, financed by Asian Development Bank | ||
Mae Taeng–Mae Ngat Tunnel[52] | Chiang Mai, Thailand | 25.624 km (15.9 mi) | 2021 | 4.00 m in diameter | ||
Mae Ngat–Mae Kuang Tunnel[52] | Chiang Mai, Thailand | 22.975 km (14.3 mi) | 2021 | 4.20 m in diameter | ||
Poola Subbaiah Veligonda Project Tunnel - II [53] | Andhra Pradesh, India | 18.83 km
(11.70 mi) |
2021 | Part of Veligonda Project | ||
Poola Subbaiah Veligonda Project Tunnel - I [53] | Andhra Pradesh, India | 18.82 km
(11.69 mi) |
2020[54] | Part of Veligonda Project | ||
Many more tunnels that are shorter than 15 kilometres (9 mi) are under construction |
Note: There are buried oil and gas pipelines, up to several thousand kilometers long. See also:
Bicycle and Pedestrian
Name | Location | Length in m (ft) | Trail |
---|---|---|---|
Snoqualmie Tunnel | King and Kittitas Counties, WA, United States | 3,625 m (11,893 ft)[55] | John Wayne Pioneer Trail |
St. Paul Pass Tunnel | Montana and Idaho, United States | 2,736 m (8,976 ft) | The Route of the Hiawatha |
Slavošovský tunel | Slavošovce, Košický kraj, Slovakia | 2,400 m (7,874 ft) | Slavošovce to Revúca blue Trail number 2589 |
Gihon Tunnel | Jerusalem, Israel | 2,100 m (6,890 ft)[56] | Jerusalem Bicycle Trails |
Sideling Hill Tunnel | Fulton County, PA, United States | 2,067 m (6,781 ft) | Pike 2 Bike Trail |
Combe Down Tunnel | Bath, England, United Kingdom | 1,672 m (5,486 ft) | Two Tunnels Greenway |
Niwärch Stollen | Ausserberg, Valais, Switzerland | 1,379 m (4,524 ft) | Niwärch Bisse |
Claudius Crozet Blue Ridge Tunnel | Nelson/Augusta County, VA, United States | 1,302 m (4,273 ft) | Claudius Crozet Blue Ridge Tunnel Trail |
Norwalk Tunnel | Elroy, Sparta, Wisconsin, United States | 1,161 m (3,809 ft) | Elroy-Sparta State Trail |
Wassertunnel Gredetschtal | Mund, Switzerland | 1,120 m (3,675 ft) | Wyssa Suonen Trail |
Karangahake Tunnel | Waihi, New Zealand | 1,086 m (3,563 ft) | Hauraki Rail Trail |
Rays Hill Tunnel | Bedford & Fulton Counties, PA, United States | 1,076 m (3,530 ft) | Pike 2 Bike Trail |
Kennerdell Tunnel | Venango County, PA, United States | 1,021 m (3,350 ft) | Erie to Pittsburgh Trail |
Big Savage Tunnel | Somerset County, PA, United States | 1,004 m (3,294 ft) | Great Allegheny Passage |
See also
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tunnel. |
- List of long railway tunnels in China
- List of long road tunnels in China
- List of longest bridges in the world
- List of tunnels
- List of longest tunnels
- Tunnel
Notes
- previous name is Daxiangling Tunnel
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The EVINOS-MORNOS tunnel project with its 30 km of length is one of the longest hydraulic tunnel in the world realised with TBM method. The adverse geological conditions, the high cover and the short construction schedule were a great challenge for the successful construction of this tunnel. The paper will describe: the criteria adopted for the tunnel design, the selection of the construction methods and equipment, the productions of the 4 TBMs adopted and the comparison of the behaviour of the different type of TBMs in the various rock conditions, including special conditions, the characteristics of the adopted in situ and precast linings, a comparison between the foreseen and actual construction schedules, the contractual implications of realising a tunnel in such a severe and complex conditions.
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