List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown dependencies and British Overseas Territories

There are a number of agencies that participate in law enforcement in the United Kingdom which can be grouped into three general types:

  • Territorial police forces, who carry out the majority of policing. These are police forces that cover a police area (a particular region) and have an independent police authority. Current police forces have their grounding in the Police Act 1996 (in England and Wales), a combination of Police (Scotland) Act 1967 and Police and Fire Reform (Scotland) Act 2012 (in Scotland) and the Police (Northern Ireland) Act 2000 (in Northern Ireland), which prescribe a number of issues such as appointment of a chief constable, jurisdiction and responsibilities.
  • National law enforcement bodies, including the National Crime Agency and national police forces that have a specific, non-regional jurisdiction, such as the British Transport Police. The Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 refers to these as 'special police forces', not including the NCA which is not a police force. In addition, there are non-police law enforcement agencies, whose officers are not police officers, but still enforce laws, and other bodies with solely investigatory powers.
  • Miscellaneous police forces, mostly having their foundations in older legislation or common law. These are responsible for policing specific local areas or activities, such as ports and parks. Before the passing of recent legislation such as the Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005, they were often referred to as 'special police forces'; care must therefore be taken in interpreting historical use of that phrase. These constabularies are not within the scope of the legislation applicable to the previously-mentioned organisations but can still be the subject of statutes applicable to, for example, docks, harbours or railways. Until the passing of Railways and Transport Safety Act 2003, the British Transport Police was such a force.

Law enforcement
in the United Kingdom
Topics
Equipment
Types of agency
Types of agent
Metropolitan Police officers on crowd control after England loses to Portugal to prevent Football hooliganism, 1 July 2006

The majority of law enforcement in the United Kingdom is carried out by territorial police forces that police the general public and their activities. The other types of agencies are concerned with policing of more specific matters.

Over the centuries there has been a wide variation in the number of police forces in the United Kingdom, with a large number now no longer in existence.

Territorial police forces
See also: List of police forces of the United Kingdom

England and Wales

Except in Greater London, each territorial police force covers one or more of the local government areas (counties) established in the 1974 local government reorganisations (although with subsequent modifications), in an area known in statute as a police area. These forces provide the majority of policing services to the public of England and Wales. These forces have been known historically as "Home Office police forces" due to the central government department, the Home Office, being responsible for and providing the majority of funding these police forces. Despite the implication of the term, all police forces are independent, with operational control resting solely with the chief officer of each force (the Chief Constable or with regard to the Metropolitan Police and City of London Police forces, their respective Commissioners); each force was overseen by a Police authority until these were replaced by Police and Crime Commissioners in 2012.

The Police Act 1996 is the most recent piece of legislation, which outlines the areas of responsibility for the 43 territorial forces of England and Wales (found in Schedule 1 of the Act).

Constable is the lowest rank in the police service, but all officers, whatever their rank are "constables" in terms of legal powers and jurisdiction. Police officers in territorial police forces in England and Wales derive their jurisdiction from Section 30 of the Police Act 1996. This section outlines that such officers have jurisdiction throughout England and Wales and also the adjacent United Kingdom waters. Special Constables, who are part-time, volunteer officers of these forces, used to have a more limited jurisdiction – limited solely to their own force areas and adjacent forces. Since 1 April 2007, however Special Constables of England & Wales have full police powers throughout those two countries. This means that, in contrast to the majority of countries, all UK volunteer police officers now have exactly the same powers as their full-time colleagues. There are a number of situations in which the jurisdiction of a constable extends to one of the other countries, and constables of one jurisdiction do have reciprocal powers of arrest in each other's jurisdictions as a matter of course – see the main article for details.

  Police of England and Wales

As of March 2010 police numbers in England and Wales were:[1]

England
  Police of England
  1. Avon and Somerset Constabulary
  2. Bedfordshire Police
  3. Cambridgeshire Constabulary
  4. Cheshire Constabulary[2]
  5. City of London Police (not shown)
  6. Cleveland Police
  7. Cumbria Constabulary
  8. Derbyshire Constabulary
  9. Devon and Cornwall Police
  10. Dorset Police
  11. Durham Constabulary
  12. Essex Police
  13. Gloucestershire Constabulary
  14. Greater Manchester Police
  15. Hampshire Constabulary
  16. Hertfordshire Constabulary
  17. Humberside Police
  18. Kent Police
  19. Lancashire Constabulary[2]
  20. Leicestershire Police
  21. Lincolnshire Police
  22. Merseyside Police[2]
  23. Metropolitan Police Service
  24. Norfolk Constabulary
  25. Northamptonshire Police
  26. Northumbria Police
  27. North Yorkshire Police
  28. Nottinghamshire Police
  29. South Yorkshire Police
  30. Staffordshire Police[3]
  31. Suffolk Constabulary
  32. Surrey Police
  33. Sussex Police
  34. Thames Valley Police
  35. Warwickshire Police
  36. West Mercia Police[3]
  37. West Midlands Police[3]
  38. West Yorkshire Police
  39. Wiltshire Police

As of March 2010 police numbers in England:[1]

Wales
  Police of Wales
  1. Dyfed-Powys Police (Heddlu Dyfed Powys)
  2. Gwent Police (Heddlu Gwent)
  3. North Wales Police (Heddlu Gogledd Cymru)
  4. South Wales Police (Heddlu De Cymru)

As of March 2010 police numbers in Wales were:[1]

Collaborative units
  • South East Counter Terrorism Unit
  • Thames Valley & Hampshire Joint Operations Unit
  • Surrey Police & Sussex Police Tactical Firearms, Operations Command and Roads Policing Unit
  • South West Counter Terrorism Unit
  • Dorset Police and Devon & Cornwall Police Strategic Alliance Unit
  • Alliance Police: Gloucestershire Constabulary, Avon & Somerset Police and Wiltshire Police.
  • East Counter Terrorism Intelligence Unit
  • Norfolk & Suffolk Roads Policing Unit
  • Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire & Hertfordshire Road Policing Unit
  • Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire & Hertfordshire Major Crime Unit
  • East Midlands Counter Terrorism Intelligence Unit
  • West Midlands Police Counter Terrorism Unit
  • Warwickshire Police and West Mercia Police Specialist Operations Unit
  • North West Counter Terrorism Unit
  • Cheshire Police & North Wales Police Alliance Armed Policing Unit
  • North East Counter Terrorism Unit
  • Durham and Cleveland Specialist Operations Unit
  • Welsh Extremism and Counter Terrorism Unit
  • Gwent Police & South Wales Police Joint Armed Response Unit

Scotland

Most police powers and functions have been inherited by the Scottish Government and Scottish Parliament from the Scottish Office. Areas for which legislative responsibility remains with the UK Government include national security, terrorism, firearms and drugs. The Police (Scotland) Act 1967, as amended, was the basis for the organisation and jurisdiction of the eight former territorial forces in Scotland that were formed in 1975. These forces covered one or more of the areas of the local government regions established in the 1975 local government reorganisation (and since abolished), with minor adjustments to align with the post-1996 council area borders. These forces provided the majority of police services to the public of Scotland, although Scottish police officers also have limited jurisdiction throughout the rest of the United Kingdom as required (See above comments under English and Welsh forces).

In 2011, the Scottish Government announced that it planned to amalgamate the eight territorial forces in Scotland, along with the Scottish Crime and Drug Enforcement Agency, into a single agency. The Police and Fire Reform (Scotland) Act 2012, an Act of the Scottish Parliament, codified this amalgamation and brought about the new Police Service of Scotland (to be known as "Police Scotland"). The new force was established on 1 April 2013.

  Police Scotland (Poileas Alba, Polis Scotland)

In 2017, plans were being debated in the Scottish Parliament to merge railway policing with Police Scotland.

As of December 2019, police numbers in Scotland were:[4]

  • Police officers: 17,259
  • Special constables: 531
  • Other staff: 6,168

Community Support Officers, commonly referred to as "Police Community Support Officers", were established by Section 38(2) of the Police Reform Act 2002, which applies only to England and Wales. There are therefore no Community Support Officers in Scotland.

Northern Ireland

County and borough based police forces were not formed in Ireland as they were in Great Britain, with instead a single Royal Irish Constabulary covering most of Ireland (the exceptions being the Dublin Metropolitan Police, which was responsible for policing in Dublin, and the Belfast Town Police force, which was replaced by the RIC in the 1880s). The Royal Ulster Constabulary was formed in 1922 after the establishment of the Irish Free State, and served until the reforms of the police under the terms established initially by the Good Friday Agreement of 1998 undertaken by the Patten Commission, which led to the renaming of the RUC in 2001. The Police (Northern Ireland) Act 2000 sets out the basis for the organisation and function of the police force in the province. Until 2010, police powers were not transferred to the devolved Northern Ireland Executive, unlike Scotland, instead remaining with the Northern Ireland Office. However, in January 2010 agreement was reached between the two largest parties in the Assembly, the DUP and Sinn Féin, over a course that would see them assume responsibility for policing and justice from April.[5]

  Police Service of Northern Ireland

As of April 2007 police numbers in Northern Ireland were:[1]

  • Police officers: 7,216
  • Full-time reserve police officers: 335
  • Part-time police officers: 684
  • Other staff: 2,265

Police in Northern Ireland do not employ Police Community Support Officers

Naming

County police forces traditionally bore the name "constabulary" upon their formation (as a derivation of "constable"). The reorganisation of police forces over the years has seen this name dropped in favour of "police" as a name, as many have decided that the word "constabulary" is confusing for people more used to searching for the word "police".[6] However, a number of police forces in the areas overseen by the United Kingdom retain the name "constabulary":

National law enforcement

Bodies with police powers

These bodies operate in more than one county of the United Kingdom. The remit of some of the forces is further limited to the areas that they police, such as railway infrastructure. The Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001 gave the British Transport Police and Ministry of Defence Police a limited, conditional authority to act outside of their primary jurisdiction, if the situation requires urgent police action and the local force are not readily available, or if they believe that there is risk to life or limb, or where they are assisting the local force.

Government agencies
  • National Crime Agency (NCA) – An agency that leads UK-wide activities to combat high-level crime such as organised crime. In addition, the NCA acts as the UK point of contact for foreign law enforcement agencies. It replaced the Serious Organised Crime Agency in 2013.
  • Border Force – a law-enforcement command within the Home Office, responsible for frontline border control operations at air, sea and rail ports. Border Force officers are dual-warranted as immigration and customs officers. They have powers of arrest and detention under the Immigration Act 1971 and Borders, Citizenship and Immigration Act 2009. Designated immigration officers have additional powers from the UK Borders Act 2007, allowing them to arrest a person suspected non-border offences – as a police constable would.
  • Immigration Enforcement are the Home Office specialist criminal investigations directorate.
  • Gangmasters and Labour Abuse Authority (GLAA) – a Home Office investigative agency for labour exploitation, also working with other agencies on organised crime.[8] GLAA officers have powers under the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 akin to those of Police Constables.[9]
  • Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs – Since the creation of the UK Border Agency (now Border Force), in the early 21st Century, staff of HMRC no longer perform frontline duties at ports of entry. The remainder of the staff with law enforcement powers employed by HMRC consists of the Criminal Investigation Branch, who, as customs officers, continue to exercise the powers granted under the Customs Management Acts and the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, including arrest.
  • Environment Agency Fisheries Enforcement Officers/Water bailiffs have the powers of a police constable under the Salmon and Freshwater Fisheries Act 1975. Officers/bailiffs protect fish and combat related crime (e.g. poaching).

Additionally, the following three government agencies are defined in legislation as "special police forces". As these forces are responsible to specific areas of infrastructure, they do not answer to the Home Office, but instead to the government department responsible for the area they police. All three forces do voluntarily submit themselves to HMIC inspection:

  • Ministry of Defence Police – A police force tasked with providing armed security, uniformed policing, and investigative services to Ministry of Defence installations throughout the United Kingdom.[10]
  • Civil Nuclear Constabulary – A police force responsible for providing law enforcement and security at or within 5 km of any relevant nuclear site and for nuclear materials in transit within the United Kingdom.[11]
  • British Transport Police (Great Britain) – A police force responsible for providing law enforcement at certain railways and light-rail systems in Great Britain.[1]
Bodies hosted by the National Police Chiefs' Council
Bodies hosted by territorial police forces
  • National Domestic Extremism and Disorder Intelligence Unit – A police unit that is part of the Metropolitan Police Service Specialist Operations Directorate, tasked with coordinating police response to domestic extremism across the United Kingdom.
  • Protection Command – A police unit that is part of the Metropolitan Police Service Specialist Operations Directorate, responsible for providing protective security to the government/diplomatic community and the Royal Family within the United Kingdom.
  • National Fraud Intelligence Bureau – A police unit hosted by the City of London Police, tasked with combating economic crime throughout the United Kingdom.
  • National Ballistics Intelligence Service (Great Britain) – A police unit hosted by West Midlands Police, tasked with gathering and disseminating fast time intelligence on the criminal use of firearms across Great Britain.
  • National Police Air Service (England and Wales) – A police aviation service hosted by West Yorkshire Police, that provides centralised air support to the 43 territorial police forces in England and Wales.

Bodies with limited executive powers

These organisations are not police forces but do have similar powers to that of the police with the exception that they cannot arrest a person nor make forcible entry without a warrant.

Bodies with solely investigatory powers
Main article: Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000

The use of investigatory powers is controlled by the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000. Up to 792 public authorities have powers that are restricted by RIPA.[15]

Miscellaneous police forces

These police forces generally come under the control of a local authority, public trusts or even private companies; examples include some ports police and the Mersey Tunnels Police. They could have been established by individual Acts of Parliament or under common law powers. Jurisdiction is generally limited to the relevant area of private property alone and in some cases (e.g. docks and harbours) the surrounding area. This, together with the small size of the police forces, means they are often reliant on the territorial force for the area under whose jurisdiction they fall to assist with any serious matter. The statutory responsibility for law and order sits with the territorial police forces even if there is a specialist police force in the locality. These police forces do not have independent Police Authorities and their founding statutes (if any) do not generally prescribe their structure and formation.

Ports police

There are two types of port police in the United Kingdom — most are sworn in under the 1847 Act, but a few have Acts specific to their port.

Ports police operating under the Harbours, Docks, and Piers Clauses Act 1847

For every port/harbour, an individual Act of Parliament (or, more recently, a Harbour (Revision) Order) can incorporate parts of the Harbours, Docks, and Piers Clauses Act 1847 (HDPCA) and apply them to that specific port/harbour. Officers of port police forces are sworn in as "special constables" under section 79 of the 1847 Act, as incorporated by the individual local Act. As a result, officers have the full powers of a constable on any land owned by the harbour, dock, or port and at any place within one mile of any owned land.

The Marine Navigation Act 2013 has potentially enabled ports contables in England & Wales to act as constables beyond this one mile limit, in relation to policing purposes connected with the port only, in a police area where consent has been obtained from the relevant Chief Constable.[16] This act does not however give general police powers to ports constables beyond their core jurisdiction as set out in the 1847 act, merely in relation to policing purposes connected to the port as set out in the Act. As of 2014, 3 ports police forces (Dover, Teesport and Bristol) have sought and received consent from the local Chief Constable, with a fourth (Liverpool) in the process of applying for it. This has enabled these 3 ports forces to act as constables, in relation to policing purposes connected to the port, throughout the police area in which they are geographically located.[17] There are 224 constables sworn in under the 1847 Act.[18] Serious or major incidents or crime generally become the responsibility of the local territorial police force.

Other ports police

Parks police

Parks not controlled by local authorities

These small constabularies are responsible for policing specific land and parks. Officers of these forces have the powers of a constable within their limited jurisdiction. They are not constables as dealt with in the general Police Acts.

  • Epping Forest Keepers
    Current powers derive from regulations made under Epping Forest Act 1878
  • Kew Constabulary (formerly Royal Botanic Gardens Constabulary)
    Constables of this force have full police powers whilst on land belonging to the Royal Botanical Gardens as per the Parks Regulation Act 1872 as amended by section 3 (a) of the Parks Regulation (Amendment) Act 1974.

The Parks Regulation Act 1872 provides for the attestation of parks constables.

Parks controlled by local authorities
A photograph of officers of the Birmingham Parks Police, taken between c. 1900 and 1910.

Over history, a number of local authorities outside London have maintained their own parks police forces, the most notable being Liverpool (Liverpool Parks Police) and Birmingham (Birmingham Parks Police). No local authority parks police forces currently exist outside London, although the legal powers for them to do so (granted by various local Acts of Parliament) survive in a limited number of cases.

In London, these constabularies are responsible for enforcing byelaws within the parks and open spaces of their respective local authorities. Members of the constabularies are sworn as constables under article 18 of the Greater London Parks and Open Spaces Order 1967.[lower-alpha 1] Members of the constabularies are constables only in relation to the enforcement of the parks byelaws (which, by definition, apply only in the parks).[23]

Some of these constables have (or have had) a shared role as security staff for their own local authority's buildings and housing estates with appropriate changes of badges and/or uniform being made when changing to/from park duties.

Cathedral constables

See also Cathedral Constables' website

Cathedrals that have their own Constabularies consisting of attested constables that keep the peace at each Cathedral.

Salisbury Cathedral used to have its own constabulary, but this was disbanded in 2010.[24]

Market police

Traditionally, markets would employ constables to look after markets. Most no longer exist, or exist in a form without attested constables (see below).

  • The City of London market constabularies are three small constabularies responsible for security at Billingsgate, New Spitalfields and Smithfield markets run by the City of London Corporation. However, unlike most other miscellaneous police organisations, the members are no longer attested as constables.
  • Birmingham Market Police were a body of constables responsible for policing Birmingham's markets, but lost their constable powers in 1976. In 2016 Birmingham City Council introduced "market enforcement officers", who are "accredited persons" under the Community Safety Accreditation Scheme, giving them the power to issue fixed penalty notices for a variety of low-level offences.[25]

Other

Defence and military

Service police
Main article: Military police of the United Kingdom

Each branch of the military has its own police service, though the powers of a service police officer are identical and recipricol across all three services. The service police is made up of the:

- including the Royal Marines Police

In the UK, the service police exercise jurisdiction over those serving in the military in any capacity and those civilians subject to service discipline as defined by the Armed Forces Act 2006.[28] They are not 'constables' and do not have any policing powers in relation to the general public in normal circumstances.[29] In British Forces Germany, under the Status Of Forces Act, military police have jurisdiction over British Forces personnel, their families, MOD contractors, and NAAFI staff.

Service Police are PACE trained and all investigations are PACE compliant. They make regular use of civilian police facilities often conducting joint investigations where necessary. The Service Police are able to investigate all crime within their jurisdiction, up to and including Murder, however within the UK, offences of murder and sudden deaths are passed to the local police force as per national jurisdiction agreements.

Whilst operating in conflict zones the military police will conduct the full range of policing including murder investigations as evidenced by the Sgt Blackman investigation.[30]

Bodies with limited enforcement powers

There are also non-police (of any type) organisations who have been given certain powers to enforce rules, regulations and laws.

  1. Under the community safety accreditation scheme (CSAS) and the similar railway safety accreditation scheme (RSAS)[31], police forces in England and Wales have the power to grant limited powers to official persons (such as council wardens and private security staff), for example, the power to confiscate alcohol from under 18s.
  2. Under the national railway byelaws, any 'authorised person' may ensure all persons on the railway are abiding by the byelaws.[32] [33] Generally, railway train operating companies (TOCs) leave this to dedicated enforcement officers. Sometimes these officers will have powers under the Railway safety accreditation scheme and as they are working for the railway, they also have powers under the railway byelaws.

Under the community safety accreditation scheme (CSAS), there are many different people involved, such as council staff, park rangers[34] or private security staff that work for councils and local authorities and many different titles are used:

Community based

  • Community protection officer
  • Street marshal
  • Street Wise marshal
  • Community safety officer
  • Patrol officer
  • Park ranger
  • Neighbourhood warden
  • Hospital security guard
  • Security officer
  • Security guard
  • Street warden
  • Community warden
  • Business warden
  • Business improvement district ranger
  • Street ranger
  • Council officer
  • Tri-service safety officer
  • Taxi and private hire compliance officer

Railway based (powers under both national byelaws and RSAS)

  • Protection officer
  • Rail neighbourhood officer

Crown dependencies

Isle of Man

Bailiwick of Jersey
  • The States of Jersey Police (Police d'États de Jersey) is the police service of Jersey. It was established in its current form by the Police Force (Jersey) Law, 1974 and consists of around 240 officers.
A recruiting banner for the Honorary Police showing the arms of each parish: (from left to right) Grouville, St Brelade, St John, Trinity, St Saviour, St Ouen, St Helier, St Mary, St Lawrence, St Clement, St Peter, St Martin
  • States of Jersey Customs and Immigration Service
  • Honorary Police – There is an Honorary Police (French: Police Honorifique) force in each parish in Jersey. Honorary Police officers have, for centuries, been elected by parishioners to assist the Connétable of the Parish to maintain law and order, and to this day the only person who may charge a person with an offence is the Centenier of the parish in which the offence allegedly took place. Officers are elected as Centeniers, Vingteniers or Constable's Officers, each with various duties and responsibilities.
  • Jersey Prison Service, responsible for running the HM Prison La Moye.

Bailiwick of Guernsey
  • The States of Guernsey Police Service (États de Guernesey Service de police) is the local police force for the Crown dependency of Guernsey. In addition to providing police for the island of Guernsey itself, the Guernsey Police also provides detachments for the islands of Alderney, Herm and Sark.
  • Guernsey Border Agency, responsible with policing cross border and financial crime, customs and immigration.
  • Guernsey Prison Service, responsible for running HMP Guernsey, the main prison on the island.

Overseas Territories

Civil Police

Table
Flag of Territory Arms of Territory Service/Force Name Location Motto Information
Civilian Sovereign Base Areas Police and Military Cyprus Joint Police Unit (includes RN Police, RMP and RAF Police) Cyprus, Mediterranean Sea Civilian defence police and British service police police the SBAs
Royal Anguilla Police Force Caribbean, North Atlantic Ocean
Bermuda Police Service, Bermuda Airport Security Police North Atlantic Ocean between the Azores, the Caribbean, Cape Sable Island and Canada
n/a Antarctica No police force
British Indian Ocean Territory Police Indian Ocean BIOT police are serving military police NCOs and officers from the British Armed Forces
Royal Virgin Islands Police Force Caribbean, North Atlantic Ocean
Royal Cayman Islands Police Service Caribbean
Royal Falkland Islands Police South Atlantic Ocean
Royal Gibraltar Police, Gibraltar Defence Police Iberian Peninsula, Continental Europe
Royal Montserrat Police Service Caribbean, North Atlantic Ocean
see Law enforcement in the Pitcairn Islands Pacific Ocean Serious sexual abuse history. New Zealand police and prison officers carry out services on the Island(s)
 Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha,
including:		 South Atlantic Ocean Saint Helena Police Service police all three islands
Saint Helena Police Service
Saint Helena Police Service
Saint Helena Police Service
See Information box South Atlantic Ocean Reserve police officers. Chief of Police is the Chief of Royal Falkland Islands Police (RFIP), any full-time officer needed is also RFIP
Royal Turks and Caicos Islands Police Force Lucayan Archipelago, North Atlantic Ocean “To make the Turks and Caicos Islands a safe and secure country in which to visit, invest, work, and live” One of the oldest forces - founded in 1799

List

Ministry of Defence overseas police

Overseas service (military) police
  • British Indian Ocean Territory Police - military police that act as the police for BIOT
  • Cyprus Joint Police Unit
  • Falkland Islands Joint Service Police Security Unit
  • Gibraltar Joint Provost and Security Unit

Prison service and corrections
  • Her Majesty's Prison Service Turks and Caicos (HMP Turks and Caicos)
  • Bermuda Department of Corrections
  • HM Prison (Gibraltar)
  • Her Majesty's Prison and Probation Service, Falkland Islands
  • Her Majesty's Virgin Islands Prison Service (HMP)
  • Her Majesty's Cayman Islands Prison Service
  • Her Majesty's Prison Anguilla
  • Her Majesty's Prison Montserrat

Customs, immigration and border

UK law enforcement overseas

Some agencies work overseas, in conjunction with other police forces such as the Channel Tunnel (see below) or with the military.

  • Germany Guard Service (GGS) - MOD civilian armed guard service that protect British military bases in Germany.

Overseas law enforcement in the UK
Main article: Law enforcement in the United Kingdom § Overseas police forces in the UK

There are certain instances where police forces of other nations operate in a limited degree in the United Kingdom:

See also

Notes
  1. The 1967 order is scheduled to the Ministry of Housing and Local Government Provisional Order Confirmation (Greater London Parks and Open Spaces) Act 1967.[22]

References
  1. APA Police Service Strength Map Update Archived 7 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Association of Police Authorities, 28 August 2010.
  2. Cheshire, Lancashire and Merseyside participate in a partnership called the North West Motorway Police Group
  3. Staffordshire, West Mercia and West Midlands participate in a partnership called the Central Motorway Police Group
  4. "Police Scotland Officer Numbers". Police Scotland. 3 January 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
  5. What will happen when policing and justice is devolved? Archived 8 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine – BBC News, 05/02/10
  6. "Name change for police force". This is Cornwall. 8 March 2010. Archived from the original on 3 May 2012. Retrieved 26 September 2011.
  7. "An Act for the regulation of Royal Parks and Gardens" (PDF). UK Government. 27 June 1872. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 June 2013. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
  8. "What we do - Regulation - Licensing scheme - Board - GLAA". www.gla.gov.uk. Retrieved 19 July 2020.
  9. https://www.gla.gov.uk/media/3120/gla-powers-under-pace.pdf
  10. "Ministry of Defence Police and Guarding Agency Annual Report 2005-2006" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 September 2007.
  11. CNPA/CNC Annual Review 2006–07 Archived 26 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  12. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 1 October 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2011.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  13. "What we investigate and next steps". Independent Office for Police Conduct. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
  14. "Police Reform Act 2002 (c. 30)". Opsi.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 6 August 2009. Retrieved 21 June 2009.
  15. Rayner, Gordon (12 April 2008). "Council spy cases hit 1,000 a month". Telegraph. Archived from the original on 9 August 2009. Retrieved 21 June 2009.
  16. "Marine Navigation Act 2013". www.legislation.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 17 December 2017. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  17. "Police: Ports:Written question - 203891". UK Parliament. Archived from the original on 16 December 2017. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  18. "Accountability and Standards of the Port Police Forces". Dft.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 6 April 2009. Retrieved 21 June 2009.
  19. section 5, Belfast Harbour Act 1847.
  20. "Port of Felixstowe :: Page Not Found". www.portoffelixstowe.co.uk. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011.
  21. section 3(d), Falmouth Docks Act 1959.
  22. "Ministry of Housing and Local Government Provisional Order Confirmation (Greater London Parks and Open Spaces) Act 1967". Archived from the original on 12 November 2016.
  23. Kelly, Amanda. "The Management and Operation of the Response Branch of the Council's Crime and Anti-Social Behaviour Service" (PDF). Website of London Borough of Newham Council. London Borough of Newham Council. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 February 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
  24. https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/salisbury-cathedral-loses-its-police-constables-in-spending-cuts-n6hjxkfs0q2. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  25. "Shoppers and traders welcome the introduction of new market enforcement officers". 9 September 2016.
  26. "Article 19 of the Airports (Northern Ireland) Order 1994".
  27. "Northern Ireland Security Guard Service - PoliceSpecials.com Forum". Archived from the original on 4 January 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2012.
  28. "Armed Forces Act 2006". www.legislation.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
  29. "A protocol between police forces and the Ministry of Defence police | Home Office". webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 25 January 2013. Retrieved 20 December 2017.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  30. "Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984". www.legislation.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 7 May 2012.
  31. "Railway Safety Accreditation Scheme".
  32. "Railway byelaws".
  33. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/4202/railway-byelaws.pdf
  34. "Dartmoor rangers have just been given police powers". March 2019.

Further reading
  • Helen Gough, Police and Constabulary Almanac (Police & Constabulary Almanac), Shaw & Sons (21 February 2007), 500 pages, ISBN 0-7219-1662-7, ISBN 978-0-7219-1662-0
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