List of governors of Louisiana

The Governor of Louisiana is the chief executive of the U.S. state of Louisiana. The governor is the head of the executive branch of Louisiana's state government and is charged with enforcing state laws.

Governor of Louisiana Gouverneur de Louisiane
Great Seal of the State of Louisiana
Incumbent John Bel Edwards since January 11, 2016
Style	The Honorable
Residence	Louisiana Governor's Mansion
Term length	Four years, renewable once[1]
Precursor	Governor of Orleans Territory
Inaugural holder	William C. C. Claiborne
Formation	April 30, 1812 (1812-04-30)
Deputy	Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana
Salary	US$130,000 per year (2013)[2]
Website	Official Website

Governors

Governor of the Territory of Orleans

Louisiana was purchased by the United States from France in 1803.[3] On October 1, 1804, Orleans Territory was organized from the southern part of the Purchase, with the remainder being made the District of Louisiana and placed under the jurisdiction of Indiana Territory.[4] The District of Louisiana would later become Louisiana Territory, but after Orleans Territory became the state of Louisiana, Louisiana Territory was renamed Missouri Territory.[5]

Governor of the Territory of Orleans

Governor		Term in office	Appointed by
	William C. C. Claiborne	December 20, 1803[lower-alpha 1] – July 30, 1812	Thomas Jefferson
			James Madison

Governors of the State of Louisiana

Louisiana was admitted to the Union on April 30, 1812.[7] It seceded from the Union on January 26, 1861,[8] and was a founding member of the Confederate States of America on February 8, 1861.[9] However, since substantial parts of the state remained in Union hands throughout the war, there were 2 lines of governors elected. Following the end of the American Civil War, Louisiana during Reconstruction was part of the Fifth Military District, which exerted some control over governor appointments and elections.[10] Louisiana was readmitted to the Union on July 9, 1868.[11]

The 1812 constitution established the office of governor, to serve for four years[12] starting from the fourth Monday after the election.[13] In 1845, the start date was moved to the fourth Monday of the January after the election;[14] in 1864, it was moved to the second Monday of the January after the election;[15] in 1879 it was moved to the first Monday after the General Assembly announced the election result; the 1921 Constitution fixed the new inauguration date as the second Tuesday in May.[16] The 1974 Constitution changed the date, effective in 1980, to the second Monday of the March following the election; this was amended in 1987, to become effective in 1992, to the second Monday of January.[17]. Governors were not allowed to succeed themselves[18] until 1864, when the constitution held no term limits. The restriction on governors succeeding themselves was reintroduced in 1868,[19] removed again in 1879, and again added in 1898.[20] An amendment to the constitution passed in 1966 allowed governors to succeed themselves once before requiring a gap before they can be elected again. Governors of Louisiana can only serve two consecutive terms, but can serve again after being out of office for one term;[21] more than half of one full four year term is considered a term as well.[21] Five governors have served nonconsecutive terms. Andre B. Roman, Francis T. Nicholls, and Jimmie Davis each served two non-consecutive terms, while Earl Long and Edwin Edwards both served in three distinct stints.

In the event of a vacancy, the President of the Senate originally acted as governor.[22] The 1845 constitution created the office of lieutenant governor, to be elected at the same time and manner as the governor[23] and who would act as governor in the event of a vacancy.[24] The 1913 constitution established that the lieutenant governor would become governor in case of a vacancy.[25] The governor and lieutenant governor are not elected on a ticket.[26]

Governors of the State of Louisiana[lower-alpha 2]

No.	Governor			Term in office	Party	Election	Lt. Governor[lower-alpha 3]
1			William C. C. Claiborne	July 30, 1812[lower-alpha 4] – December 17, 1816 (term limited)	Democratic- Republican	1812	Office did not exist
2			Jacques Villeré	December 17, 1816[lower-alpha 5] – December 18, 1820 (term limited)	Democratic- Republican	1816
3			Thomas B. Robertson	December 18, 1820 – November 15, 1824 (resigned)[lower-alpha 6]	Democratic- Republican	1820
4			Henry S. Thibodaux	November 15, 1824 – December 13, 1824 (successor took office)	Democratic- Republican	President of the Senate acting as Governor
5			Henry Johnson	December 13, 1824 – December 15, 1828 (term limited)	Democratic- Republican	1824
6			Pierre Derbigny	December 15, 1828 – October 6, 1829 (died in office)	National Republican	1828
7			Armand Beauvais	October 6, 1829 – January 14, 1830 (senate term ended)[lower-alpha 7]	National Republican	President of the Senate acting as Governor
8			Jacques Dupré	January 14, 1830 – January 31, 1831 (not candidate for election)	National Republican	President of the Senate acting as Governor
9			Andre B. Roman	January 31, 1831 – February 2, 1835	National Republican	1830 (special)[lower-alpha 8]
10			Edward Douglass White Sr.	February 2, 1835[33] – February 4, 1839 (term limited)	Whig	1834
9			Andre B. Roman	February 4, 1839 – January 30, 1843 (term limited)	Whig	1838
11			Alexandre Mouton	January 30, 1843 – February 12, 1846 (term limited)	Democratic	1842[lower-alpha 9]
12			Isaac Johnson	February 12, 1846[lower-alpha 10] – January 28, 1850 (term limited)	Democratic	1846		Trasimond Landry
13			Joseph Marshall Walker	January 28, 1850 – January 18, 1853 (resigned)[lower-alpha 11]	Democratic	1849[lower-alpha 12]		Jean Baptiste Plauché
14			Paul Octave Hébert	January 18, 1853[lower-alpha 13] – January 28, 1856 (term limited)	Democratic	1852		William W. Farmer (died October 29, 1854)
								Robert C. Wickliffe
15			Robert C. Wickliffe	January 28, 1856[lower-alpha 14] – January 23, 1860 (term limited)	Democratic	1855		Charles Homer Mouton (resigned 1856)
								William F. Griffin
16			Thomas Overton Moore	January 23, 1860 – January 25, 1864 (term limited)	Democratic	1859[lower-alpha 15]		Henry M. Hyams
17			George Foster Shepley	June 2, 1862 – March 4, 1864 (successor took office)	Military	— (Union)[lower-alpha 15][lower-alpha 16]	Vacant
18			Henry Watkins Allen	January 25, 1864 – June 2, 1865 (resigned)[lower-alpha 17]	Democratic	1863 (Confederate)[lower-alpha 15]		Benjamin W. Pearce
19			Michael Hahn	March 4, 1864 – March 4, 1865 (resigned)[lower-alpha 18]	Republican	1864 (Union)[lower-alpha 15]		James Madison Wells
20			James Madison Wells	March 4, 1865 – June 3, 1867 (removed)[lower-alpha 19]	Republican	Lieutenant Governor acting as Governor	Vacant
						1865[lower-alpha 15]		Albert Voorhies[lower-alpha 20]
21			Benjamin Flanders	June 6, 1867[lower-alpha 21] – January 2, 1868 (resigned)[lower-alpha 22]	Republican	Provisional governor appointed by military occupation	Vacant
22			Joshua Baker	January 8, 1868[lower-alpha 23] – June 27, 1868 (removed)[lower-alpha 24]	Democratic	Provisional governor appointed by military occupation
23			Henry C. Warmoth	June 27, 1868 – December 9, 1872 (removed from office)[lower-alpha 25]	Republican	Provisional governor appointed by military occupation[51]		Oscar Dunn (died November 22, 1871)
						1868
							Vacant
								P. B. S. Pinchback (appointed December 6, 1871)
24			P. B. S. Pinchback	December 9, 1872 – January 13, 1873 (successor took office)	Republican	Lieutenant Governor acting as Governor	Vacant
25			John McEnery	January 13, 1873 – May 22, 1873 (removed)[lower-alpha 26]	Democratic	1872[lower-alpha 26]		Davidson B. Penn
26			William Pitt Kellogg	January 13, 1873 – January 8, 1877 (term limited)	Republican			Caesar Antoine
27			Stephen B. Packard	January 8, 1877 – April 25, 1877 (removed)[lower-alpha 27]	Republican	1876[lower-alpha 27][lower-alpha 28]
28			Francis T. Nicholls	January 8, 1877 – January 14, 1880 (term limited)	Democratic			Louis A. Wiltz
29			Louis A. Wiltz	January 14, 1880[lower-alpha 29] – October 16, 1881 (died in office)	Democratic	1879		Samuel D. McEnery
30			Samuel D. McEnery	October 16, 1881 – May 21, 1888 (not candidate for election)	Democratic	Lieutenant Governor acting as Governor		William A. Robertson (removed December 24, 1881)
								George L. Walton
						1884		Clay Knobloch
28			Francis T. Nicholls	May 21, 1888[lower-alpha 30] – May 16, 1892 (not candidate for election)	Democratic	1888		James Jeffries
31			Murphy J. Foster	May 16, 1892[lower-alpha 31] – May 21, 1900 (term limited)	Democratic	1892		Charles Parlange (resigned December 11, 1893)
								Hiram R. Lott (died June 2, 1895)
								Robert H. Snyder
						1896
32			William Wright Heard	May 21, 1900[lower-alpha 32] – May 16, 1904 (term limited)	Democratic	1900		Albert Estopinal
33			Newton C. Blanchard	May 16, 1904[lower-alpha 33] – May 18, 1908 (term limited)	Democratic	1904		Jared Y. Sanders Sr.
34			Jared Y. Sanders Sr.	May 18, 1908[lower-alpha 34] – May 20, 1912 (term limited)	Democratic	1908		Paul M. Lambremont
35			Luther E. Hall	May 20, 1912[lower-alpha 35] – May 15, 1916 (term limited)	Democratic	1912		Thomas C. Barret
36			Ruffin G. Pleasant	May 15, 1916[lower-alpha 36] – May 17, 1920 (term limited)	Democratic	1916		Fernand Mouton
37			John M. Parker	May 17, 1920[lower-alpha 37] – May 19, 1924 (term limited)	Democratic	1920		Hewitt Bouanchaud (resigned April 12, 1924)
								Delos R. Johnson
38			Henry L. Fuqua	May 19, 1924[lower-alpha 38] – October 11, 1926 (died in office)	Democratic	1924		Oramel H. Simpson
39			Oramel H. Simpson	October 11, 1926 – May 21, 1928 (lost election)	Democratic	Succeeded from Lieutenant Governor		Philip H. Gilbert
40			Huey Long	May 21, 1928 – January 25, 1932 (resigned)[lower-alpha 39]	Democratic	1928		Paul N. Cyr (removed March 4, 1931)[lower-alpha 39]
								Alvin Olin King
41			Alvin Olin King	January 25, 1932 – May 16, 1932 (successor took office)	Democratic	Succeeded from Lieutenant Governor	Vacant
42			Oscar K. Allen	May 16, 1932 – January 28, 1936 (died in office)	Democratic	1932		John B. Fournet (resigned January 2, 1935)
								James A. Noe
43			James A. Noe	January 28, 1936 – May 12, 1936 (successor took office)	Democratic	Succeeded from Lieutenant Governor	Vacant
44			Richard W. Leche	May 12, 1936 – June 26, 1939 (resigned)[lower-alpha 40]	Democratic	1936		Earl Long
45			Earl Long	June 26, 1939 – May 14, 1940 (lost election)	Democratic	Succeeded from Lieutenant Governor		Coleman Lindsey
46			Sam H. Jones	May 14, 1940 – May 9, 1944 (term limited)	Democratic	1940		Marc M. Mouton
47			Jimmie Davis	May 9, 1944 – May 11, 1948 (term limited)	Democratic	1944		J. Emile Verret
45			Earl Long	May 11, 1948 – May 13, 1952 (term limited)	Democratic	1948		Bill Dodd
48			Robert F. Kennon	May 13, 1952 – May 8, 1956 (term limited)	Democratic	1952		C. E. "Cap" Barham
45			Earl Long	May 8, 1956 – May 10, 1960 (term limited)	Democratic	1956		Lether Frazar
47			Jimmie Davis	May 10, 1960 – May 12, 1964 (term limited)	Democratic	1959–60		Taddy Aycock
49			John McKeithen	May 12, 1964 – May 9, 1972 (term limited)	Democratic	1963–64
						1967
50			Edwin Edwards	May 9, 1972 – March 10, 1980 (term limited)	Democratic	1971–72		Jimmy Fitzmorris
						1975
51			Dave Treen	March 10, 1980 – March 12, 1984 (lost election)	Republican	1979		Bobby Freeman
50			Edwin Edwards	March 12, 1984 – March 14, 1988 (lost election)	Democratic	1983
52			Buddy Roemer	March 14, 1988 – January 13, 1992 (lost election)	Democratic	1987		Paul Hardy
					Republican
50			Edwin Edwards	January 13, 1992 – January 8, 1996 (not candidate for election)	Democratic	1991		Melinda Schwegmann
53			Mike Foster	January 8, 1996 – January 12, 2004 (term limited)	Republican	1995		Kathleen Blanco
						1999
54			Kathleen Blanco	January 12, 2004 – January 14, 2008 (not candidate for election)	Democratic	2003		Mitch Landrieu (resigned May 3, 2010)
55			Bobby Jindal	January 14, 2008 – January 11, 2016 (term limited)	Republican	2007
								Scott Angelle
								Jay Dardenne (elected November 22, 2010)
						2011
56			John Bel Edwards	January 11, 2016 – present[lower-alpha 41]	Democratic	2015		Billy Nungesser
						2019

Succession

Main article: Gubernatorial lines of succession in the United States § Louisiana

See also

• List of Louisiana state legislatures
• List of colonial governors of Louisiana

Notes

1. Claiborne received his commission on October 31, 1803, and proclaimed the acquisition of Louisiana in New Orleans on this date.[6]
2. Data is sourced from the National Governors Association, unless supplemental references are required.
3. Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
4. Louisiana became a state on April 30, 1812, but Claiborne was not sworn in as state governor until July 30.[27]
5. Sources say Villeré took office on December 17; however, this was not a Monday, as specified in the constitution. It is not known why this occurred.[28]
6. Robertson resigned to take a joint seat on the United States District Court for both the Eastern and Western Districts of Louisiana.[29]
7. Sources disagree on why Beauvais' term ended; some say he lost his bid to be reelected as senate president,[30] while others say he resigned so that he could run for governor.[31]
8. Special election called due to the death of Pierre Derbigny and the succession crisis that followed.[32]
9. The 1845 constitution adjusted the election schedule, shortening this term to three years.
10. The 1845 constitution provided that the first governor elected under it "shall be duly installed in office during the first week of their session", explaining the off-schedule commencement date of Thursday, February 12.[34]
11. While all sources state Walker resigned due to objections to the 1852 constitution,[35][36][37] there is no mention made of Hébert taking office early; it's possible that Walker's resignation was a symbolic one of protest on his last day, or that it was so close to the end of the term that Hébert simply took office then. No known source elaborates.
12. The 1852 constitution adjusted the election schedule, shortening this term to three years.
13. The 1852 constitution provided that the first governor elected under it "shall be duly installed in office during the first week of the session", explaining the off-schedule commencement date of Tuesday, January 18.[38]
14. Most sources state Wickliffe took office on January 22[39] or January 30;[40] however, contemporary news coverage indicates it happened on Monday, January 28.[41]
15. The area around New Orleans was captured by the Union on April 25, 1862. The control was enough that it operated within the United States as the legitimate state of Louisiana, electing members to the United States House of Representatives. With both governments being considered legitimate, both lines are included in all lists of governors. The schism ended when the Confederate governor fled and the whole state came under Union control.
16. Shepley was appointed military governor by General Benjamin Butler.[42]
17. Allen fled to Mexico to avoid capture following the American Civil War.[43]
18. Hahn resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate; however, congressmen from the Confederate states were denied their seats in the 39th United States Congress.[44]
19. Wells was removed from office by General Philip Sheridan for failing to properly implement Reconstruction reforms.[45]
20. Represented the Democratic Party
21. Thomas J. Durant was appointed to replace Wells,[46] but declined the appointment.[47] Flanders was then appointed on June 6 by General Philip Sheridan.[47]
22. Flanders resigned due to Major General Winfield Scott Hancock's removing Radical Republicans that Flanders had appointed to positions in state government.[48]
23. Baker was appointed by General Winfield Scott Hancock on January 2 to replace Benjamin Flanders,[49] though he would not take the oath of office until January 8.[50]
24. Baker was removed from office by General Ulysses S. Grant.[51]
25. During the 1872 election, Warmoth endorsed John McEnery for governor, and the State Returning Board, which he appointed, declared McEnery the winner. However, a rival board declared William Pitt Kellogg the winner, and the legislature impeached Warmoth on charges related to the election. Impeached officials are suspended from office, so at this time, P. B. S. Pinchback filled the office. The term expired only 35 days later, at which point impeachment charges were dropped, as Warmoth was no longer governor.
26. The State Election Board certified McEnery as the winner of the 1872 election; however, a rival board declared Kellogg the winner, and the legislature went with that. Both McEnery and Kellogg declared victory and formed governments, and conflict culminated in the Battle of Liberty Place and the Colfax massacre. President Ulysses S. Grant issued a proclamation on May 22, 1873, declaring Kellogg the winner.[52][53]
27. Much like the 1872 election, this election was disputed. Both Packard and Nicholls declared victory and formed governments, until President Rutherford B. Hayes recognized Nicholls as governor in the Compromise of 1877.[54]
28. The 1879 constitution adjusted the election schedule, shortening this term to three years.
29. Sources say Wiltz took office on January 14; however, this was not a Monday, as specified in the constitution. It is not known why this occurred.[55]
30. Sources are not in agreement on when Nicholls took office; the constitutional start date would have been May 21, and several contemporary news sources say he was inaugurated that day.
31. Sources are not in agreement on when Foster took office; the constitutional start date would have been May 16, and several contemporary news sources say he was inaugurated that day.
32. Sources are not in agreement on when Heard took office; the constitutional start date would have been May 21, and several contemporary news sources say he was inaugurated that day.
33. Sources are not in agreement on when Blanchard took office; the constitutional start date would have been May 16, and several contemporary news sources say he was inaugurated that day.
34. Sources are not in agreement on when Blanchard took office; the constitutional start date would have been May 18, and several contemporary news sources say he was inaugurated that day.
35. Sources are not in agreement on when Blanchard took office; the constitutional start date would have been May 20, and several contemporary news sources say he was inaugurated that day.
36. Sources are not in agreement on when Blanchard took office; the constitutional start date would have been May 15, and several contemporary news sources say he was inaugurated that day.
37. Sources are not in agreement on when Blanchard took office; the constitutional start date would have been May 17, and several contemporary news sources say he was inaugurated that day.
38. Sources are not in agreement on when Blanchard took office; the constitutional start date would have been May 19, and several contemporary news sources say he was inaugurated that day.
39. Long was elected to the United States Senate for a term beginning March 4, 1931; however, he did not take the seat until January 25, 1932. This was in part to prevent Lieutenant Governor Cyr from replacing him as governor. When the senate term began, Cyr took the oath of office as governor and claimed the office; however, Long called this illegitimate, and said that by taking the oath of office of the governor, he had resigned from being lieutenant governor. This opened the way for the president pro tempore of the senate, Alvin Olin King, to become lieutenant governor, and ultimately succeed Long. Cyr continued to claim the office of governor on and off until 1932, but ultimately lacked recognition.[56][57]
40. Leche resigned due to a scandal involving mail fraud.[58]
41. Edwards's second term began on January 13, 2020, and will expire on January 2024.

References

1. "Louisiana Constitution of 1974" (PDF). Article IV, section 3. A person who has served as governor for more than one and one-half terms in two consecutive terms shall not be elected governor for the succeeding term.
2. "CSG Releases 2015 Governor Salaries". The Council of State Governments. June 25, 2013. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
3. Van Zandt, Franklin K. (1976). Boundaries of the United States and the Several States: With Miscellaneous Geographic Information Concerning Areas, Altitudes, and Geographic Centers. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 23–26. OCLC 69426475.
4. 2 Stat. 283
5. 2 Stat. 743
6. "Claiborne, Proclamation to the People of New Orleans, 1803". Humanities Texas. Retrieved November 12, 2018.
7. 2 Stat. 701
8. "Secession Ordinances of 13 Confederate States". University of Houston. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved May 24, 2015.
9. Constitution for the Provisional Government of the Confederate States of America Archived August 20, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, accessed July 8, 2015
10. Bradley, Mark L. (2015). The Army and Reconstruction, 1865-1877 (PDF). United States Army Center of Military History. p. 31. Retrieved June 20, 2019.
11. Act authorizing readmission on ratification of 14th amendment: 15 Stat. 73. Proclamation of Louisiana's ratification: 15 Stat. 704.
12. 1812 Const., art. III, § 2
13. 1812 Const., art. III, § 5
14. 1845 Const., art. 40
15. 1864 Const., art. 45
16. 1879 Const., art. 61
17. LA Const., art. IV, § 3
18. 1812 Const., art. III, § 3
19. 1868 Const., art. 50
20. 1898 Const., art. 63
21. https://www.louisiana.gov/government/branches-of-government/
22. 1812 Const., art III, § 17
23. 1845 Const., art. 38
24. 1845 Const., art. 43
25. 1913 Const., art. 66
26. "Joint election ticket for Louisiana governor, lt. governor rejected". The Times-Picayune. Associated Press. May 9, 2019. Retrieved May 29, 2019.
27. Brown, Everett Somerville (1920). The Constitutional History of the Louisiana Purchase, 1803-1812. University of California Press. p. 195. Retrieved November 12, 2018.
28. "Jacques Philippe Villere". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
29. "Thomas Bolling Robertson". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
30. "Armand Beauvais". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
31. "Armand Julie Beauvais". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
32. "Andre Vienvenu Roman". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
33. "Edward Douglass White". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
34. 1845 Const., art. 153
35. "Joseph Marshall Walker". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
36. "Joseph M. Walker". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
37. White, J. T. (1900). The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography. 10. p. 77. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
38. 1852 Const., art. 153
39. Reeves, Miriam (1962). The Governors of Louisiana. Pelican Publishing. p. 64. ISBN 9781455605200. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
40. "Robert Wickliffe". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
41. "The Inauguration Ceremonies". Baton Rouge Daily Gazette and Comet. January 29, 1856. p. 2. Retrieved July 3, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
42. "Gen. George F. Shepley". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
43. "Henry Watkins Allen". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
44. "Michael Hahn". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
45. "James Madison Wells". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
46. "The Governor Question". New Orleans Republican. June 4, 1867. p. 1. Retrieved July 3, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
47. "Removal of Gov. Wells". New Orleans Republican. June 7, 1867. p. 1. Retrieved July 3, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
48. "Louisiana Governors 1861-1877". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
49. "Joshua Baker". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
50. McPherson, Edward (1868). A Political Manual for 1868. Philip & Solomons. p. 325. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
51. "Important Military Order". New Orleans Republican. June 28, 1868. p. 1. Retrieved July 3, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
52. "William Pitt Kellogg is officially named Governor of Louisiana by President Grant". University of Richmond. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
53. "Statutes of the United States of America passed at the First Session of the Forty-Third Congress". United States Government Printing Office. p. 293. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
54. Kelman, Ari (April 24, 2008). ""The Surrender Complete"". The New York Times. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
55. "Editorial Correspondence". Louisiana Capitolian. January 17, 1880. p. 2. Retrieved July 4, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
56. "Alvin Olin King". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 4, 2019.
57. "Alvin O. King". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
58. "Richard W. Leche". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved July 4, 2019.

External links

• Louisiana Secretary of State website
• Cemetery Memorials by La-Cemeteries