List of critically endangered mammals
As of January 2020, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists 203 critically endangered mammalian species, including 31 which are tagged as possibly extinct.1 [1][2] 3.5% of all evaluated mammalian species are listed as critically endangered. The IUCN also lists 60 mammalian subspecies as critically endangered.
- Extinct in the wild (EW): 2 species
- Critically endangered (CR): 203 species
- Endangered (EN): 505 species
- Vulnerable (VU): 536 species
- Near threatened (NT): 345 species
- Least concern (LC): 3,306 species
- Data deficient (DD): 872 species
Mammalian species (IUCN, 2020-1)
- 5850 extant species have been evaluated
- 4978 of those are fully assessed[lower-alpha 1]
- 3651 are not threatened at present[lower-alpha 2]
- 1244 to 2116 are threatened[lower-alpha 3]
- 81 to 83 are extinct or extinct in the wild:
- 81 extinct (EX) species[lower-alpha 4]
- 2 extinct in the wild (EW)
- 0 possibly extinct [CR(PE)]
- 0 possibly extinct in the wild [CR(PEW)]
- excludes data deficient evaluations.
- NT and LC.
- Threatened comprises CR, EN and VU. Upper estimate additionally includes DD.
- Chart omits extinct (EX) species
Critically Endangered (CR) species face an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
Of the subpopulations of mammals evaluated by the IUCN, 18 species subpopulations have been assessed as critically endangered.
Additionally 900 mammalian species (15% of those evaluated) are listed as data deficient, meaning there is insufficient information for a full assessment of conservation status. As these species typically have small distributions and/or populations, they are intrinsically likely to be threatened, according to the IUCN.[3] While the category of data deficient indicates that no assessment of extinction risk has been made for the taxa, the IUCN notes that it may be appropriate to give them "the same degree of attention as threatened taxa, at least until their status can be assessed."[4]
This is a complete list of critically endangered mammalian species and subspecies evaluated by the IUCN. Species considered possibly extinct by the IUCN are marked as such. Species and subspecies which have critically endangered subpopulations (or stocks) are indicated. Where possible common names for taxa are given while links point to the scientific name used by the IUCN.
Odd-toed ungulates
Species
Subspecies
- Northern white rhinoceros (Possibly Extinct in the Wild)
- Selous' zebra
Primates
There are 63 species and 37 subspecies of primates assessed as critically endangered.
Gibbons
Species
- Black crested gibbon
- Tonkin black crested gibbon
- West Yunnan black crested gibbon
- Central Yunnan black crested gibbon
- Laotian black crested gibbon
- Hainan black crested gibbon
- Northern white-cheeked gibbon
- Eastern black crested gibbon
Great apes
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Species
- Eastern gorilla
- Western gorilla
- Sumatran orangutan
- Bornean orangutan
- Northeast Bornean orangutan
- Northwest Bornean orangutan
- Southwest Bornean orangutan
- Tapanuli orangutan
Subspecies
Lemurs
Species
- Sibree's dwarf lemur
- Gray-headed lemur
- Blue-eyed black lemur
- Mongoose lemur
- Lac Alaotra bamboo lemur
- Golden bamboo lemur
- Indri
- Andohahela sportive lemur
- Manombo sportive lemur
- Sahamalaza sportive lemur
- Northern sportive lemur
- Hawks' sportive lemur
- Gerp's mouse lemur
- Nosy Be mouse lemur
- Marohita mouse lemur
- Greater bamboo lemur
- Silky sifaka
- Diademed sifaka
- Perrier's sifaka
- Golden-crowned sifaka
- Red ruffed lemur
- Black-and-white ruffed lemur
Subspecies
- Southern black-and-white ruffed lemur
- Northern black-and-white ruffed lemur
- Pied black-and-white ruffed lemur
Old World monkeys
Species
- Dryas monkey
- Celebes crested macaque
- Pagai Island macaque
- Bouvier's red colobus (possibly extinct)
- Niger Delta red colobus
- Preuss's red colobus
- Miss Waldron's red colobus
- Sarawak surili
- Gray-shanked douc
- Tonkin snub-nosed monkey
- Myanmar snub-nosed monkey
- Kipunji
- Pig-tailed langur
- Delacour's langur
- White-headed langur
Subspecies
- Zammarano's monkey
- Presbytis chrysomelas chrysomelas
- Tricolored langur
- Golden-bellied Mentawai Island langur
- Pagai Island pig-tailed snub-nosed monkey
- Siberut Island pig-tailed snub-nosed monkey
- Natuna Islands silvery lutung
- White-headed black langur
- Cat Ba langur
- Western purple-faced langur
New World monkeys
Species
- Black-headed spider monkey
- Brown spider monkey
- Northern muriqui
- Blond titi monkey
- Caquetá titi
- Rio Mayo titi
- Ecuadorian white-fronted capuchin
- Kaapori capuchin
- Black bearded saki
- Colombian woolly monkey
- Superagui lion tamarin
- Yellow-tailed woolly monkey
- Cotton-top tamarin
- Blond capuchin
- Golden-bellied capuchin
Subspecies
- Northern brown howler
- Mexican howler
- Azuero howler
- Brown-headed spider monkey
- Colombian spider monkey
- Azuero spider monkey
- Nicaraguan spider monkey
- Mexican spider monkey
- Ateles hybridus brunneus
- Hybrid spider monkey
- Margarita Island capuchin
Lorisoidea
- Rondo dwarf galago
- Javan slow loris
Cetartiodactyls
Cetartiodactyla includes dolphins, whales and even-toed ungulates. There are 15 species, nine subspecies, and nine subpopulations of cetartiodactyl assessed as critically endangered.
Non-cetacean even-toed ungulates
Saiga antelope at the Stepnoi Nature Sanctuary, Russia
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Species
- Addax
- Bawean deer
- Hirola
- Kouprey (possibly extinct)
- Tamaraw
- Wild Bactrian camel
- Giant muntjac
- Dama gazelle
- Pygmy hog
- Saola
- Saiga antelope
- Visayan warty pig
Subspecies
- Tora hartebeest
- Giant sable antelope
- Upemba lechwe
- Russian saiga
- Western giant eland
- Mountain bongo
- Kordofan giraffe
- Nubian giraffe
Cetaceans
Species
- Baiji (possibly extinct)
- Vaquita
Subspecies
- Popoto
- Yangtze finless porpoise
Subpopulations
- Bowhead whale (1 subpopulation)
- Beluga whale (1 subpopulation)
- Gray whale (1 subpopulation)
- Southern right whale (1 subpopulation)
- North Pacific right whale (1 subpopulation)
- Irrawaddy dolphin (5 subpopulations)
- Harbour porpoise (1 subpopulation)
- Indo-Pacific humpbacked dolphin (1 subpopulation)
- Common bottlenose dolphin (1 subpopulation)
Marsupials
- Talaud bear cuscus
- Woylie
- Mountain pygmy possum
- Wondiwoi tree-kangaroo
- Golden-mantled tree-kangaroo
- Tenkile
- Black dorcopsis
- Leadbeater's possum
- Northern hairy-nosed wombat
- Handley's slender opossum
- One-striped opossum (possibly extinct)
- Northern glider
- Telefomin cuscus (possibly extinct)
- Gilbert's potoroo
- Kangaroo Island dunnart
- Black-spotted cuscus
- Blue-eyed spotted cuscus
Carnivora
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Red Wolf
Species
- Red wolf
- European mink
- Cozumel raccoon
- Malabar large-spotted civet (possibly extinct in the wild)
Subspecies
- Northwest African cheetah
- Asiatic cheetah
- Balkan lynx
- South China tiger (possibly extinct in the wild)
- Malayan tiger
- Sunda Island tiger
- Sumatran tiger
- Indochinese leopard
- Javan leopard
- Arabian leopard
- Amur leopard
- Anatolian leopard
- Snow leopard
- Iriomote cat
Subpopulations
- African wild dog (2 subpopulations)
- Lion (1 subpopulation)
- Anatolian leopard
- Persian leopard (several subpopulations)[5]
Eulipotyphla
- Phillips' Congo shrew
- Andaman shrew
- Harenna shrew
- Jenkins' shrew
- Nicobar shrew
- Christmas Island shrew (possibly extinct)
- Wimmer's shrew (possibly extinct)
- Nelson's small-eared shrew
- Eisentraut's mouse shrew
- Sclater's shrew
- San Cristobal shrew
- Taita shrew
- Nicobar shrew
Lagomorpha
Rabbits and relatives
- Riverine rabbit
- Helan Shan pika
- San Jose brush rabbit
- Riparian brush rabbit
Rodents
There are 58 species and one subspecies of rodent assessed as critically endangered.
Hystricomorpha
("Porcupine-like")
- Bolivian chinchilla rat
- Garrido's hutia (possibly extinct)
- Santa Catarina's guinea pig
- Reig's tuco-tuco
- Roig's tuco-tuco
- Social tuco-tuco
- Mexican agouti
- Dwarf hutia (possibly extinct)
- San Felipe hutia (possibly extinct)
- Pacific degu
- Mantiqueira Atlantic tree-rat
- Short-furred Atlantic tree-rat
- Red-crested tree rat
- Golden vizcacha rat
- Chalchalero viscacha rat
Murids
Includes mice, rats, gerbils, and relatives.
- Heavenly hill rat
- Dinagat bushy-tailed cloud rat (possibly extinct)
- Elvira rat
- Mount Oku hylomyscus
- Manusela mosaic-tailed rat
- Kondana soft-furred rat
- Ethiopian amphibious rat (possibly extinct)
- Poncelet's giant rat
- Muennink's spiny rat
- Biak giant rat
- Emma's giant rat (possibly extinct)
- Emperor rat (possibly extinct)
- Guadalcanal rat (possibly extinct)
- Carpentarian rock rat
- Central rock rat
Cricetids
Includes true hamsters, voles, lemmings, and New World rats and mice.
- Chinanteco deer mouse
- Delicate deer mouse
- Ixtlán deer mouse
- Zempoaltepec deer mouse
- Habromys schmidlyi
- Zuniga's dark rice rat (possibly extinct)
- Bavarian pine vole
- Nelson's woodrat
- Perote mouse
- Burt's deer mouse
- Dickey's deer mouse
- Angel Island mouse (possibly extinct)
- San Lorenzo mouse
- Maya mouse
- Puebla deer mouse (possibly extinct)
- False canyon mouse
- Catalina deer mouse
- San Esteban Island mouse
- Cozumel harvest mouse
- Chiapan climbing rat
- Tumbala climbing rat
Nesomyids
- Mount Kahuzi climbing mouse
Castorimorpha
("Beaver-like")
Species
- San Quintin kangaroo rat (possibly extinct)
- Tropical pocket gopher
- Big pocket gopher
Subspecies
- Alcorn's pocket gopher
Sciuromorpha
- Namdapha flying squirrel
- Vancouver Island marmot
Bats
- Bulmer's fruit bat (Aproteles bulmerae)
- Seychelles sheath-tailed bat (Coleura seychellensis)
- Philippine naked-backed fruit bat (Dobsonia chapmani)
- Thongaree’s disc-nosed bat (Eudiscoderma thongareeae)
- Kolar leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros hypophyllus)
- Lamotte's roundleaf bat (Hipposideros lamottei)
- Fijian monkey-faced bat (Mirimiri acrodonta)
- Bala tube-nosed bat (Murina balaensis)
- Gloomy tube-nosed bat (Murina tenebrosa) (possibly extinct)
- Armenian whiskered bat (Myotis hajastanicus)
- Yanbaru whiskered bat (Myotis yanbarensis)
- New Zealand greater short-tailed bat (Mystacina robusta) (possibly extinct)
- Jamaican greater funnel-eared bat (Natalus jamaicensis)
- Lord Howe long-eared bat (Nyctophilus howensis) (possibly extinct)
- New Caledonian long-eared bat (Nyctophilus nebulosus)
- New Guinea big-eared bat (Pharotis imogene) (possibly extinct)
- Jamaican flower bat (Phyllonycteris aphylla)
- Greater monkey-faced bat (Pteralopex flanneryi)
- Montane monkey-faced bat (Pteralopex pulchra) (possibly extinct)
- Aru flying fox (Pteropus aruensis) (possibly extinct)
- Livingstone's fruit bat (Pteropus livingstonii)
- Vanikoro flying fox (Pteropus tuberculatus) (possibly extinct)
- Hill's horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus hilli)
Other mammals
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Species
- Pygmy three-toed sloth
- De Winton's golden mole (possibly extinct)
- Sunda pangolin
- Chinese pangolin
- Cyclops long-beaked echidna
- Western long-beaked echidna
Subspecies
- Sumatran elephant
Subpopulations
- Juliana's golden mole (1 subpopulation)
See also
References
- "IUCN Red List version 2016-2". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Retrieved 8 September 2016.
- "Table 9: Possibly Extinct and 1 Possibly Extinct in the Wild Species (IUCN Red List version 2016-2)". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Retrieved 8 September 2016.
- "Limitations of the Data". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Retrieved 11 January 2016.
- "2001 Categories & Criteria (version 3.1)". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Retrieved 11 January 2016.
- "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Persian Leopard". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016-06-05. Retrieved 2020-05-10.
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