List of consorts of rulers of China

The following is a list of consorts of rulers of China. This is a list of the consorts of Chinese monarchs. China has periodically parted in kingdoms as well as united in empires, and there has been consorts with the title Queen as well as Empress. The title Empress could also be given posthumously. Note that this is a list for the main consort of the monarch and holder of the title Empress or Queen.

Wu Zetian, an Empress consort who became a ruler during the Tang dynasty and during the emperor Gaozong
Empress Zheng of the Song dynasty
Empress Chabi, consort to Kublai Khan
Empress Xu, Ming dynasty
Empress Xiaozhaoren, Qing dynasty
Empress Xiaoyichun, Qing dynasty
Empress Dowager Cixi, Qing dynasty

Empress Consorts

The title of Empress could also be given posthumously. The posthumous Empresses are listed separately by the year they were given the title.

Zhou dynasty
Name Birth Became Queen Ceased to be Queen Death Spouse
Tai Si c. 12th century BC 1099 BC 1050 BC c.11th century BC King Wen
Queen Yi Jiang (邑姜) 1046 BC 1043 BC King Wu
Wáng Sì (王姒) King Cheng
Wáng Jiāng (王姜) King Kang
Queen Fáng (房后) King Zhao
Wáng Zǔ Jiāng (王俎姜) King Mu
Qáng Guī (王媯) King Gong
Wáng Bó Jiāng (王伯姜) King Yi
Wáng Jīng (王京) King Xiao
Wáng Jí (王姞) King Yi
Shēn Jiāng (王姞) King Li
Queen Jiang 827 BC 782 BC King Xuan
Queen Shēn (申后) 782 BC 772 BC King You
Bao Si (褒姒) 779 BC 771 BC
Jì Jì Jiāng (紀季姜) King Huan
Chén Guī (陈妫) King Hui
Queen Dí (翟后) King Xiang
Qí Jiāng (周灵王) King Ling
Queen Mù (穆后) 527 BC King Jing

Western Han dynasty
Name Parents Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse
Empress Lü Zhi Lü Wen, Prince Xuan of Lü

Princess Consort Xuan

 241 BC 202 BC 195 BC 18 Aug 180 BC Emperor Gaozu of Han
Empress Zhang Yan Zhang Ao, Prince of Zhao

Princess Yuan of Lu

 192 BC 192 BC 188 BC 163 BC Emperor Hui of Han
Empress Lü Lü Lu (呂祿) c.205 BC 179 BC 157 BC c.180 BC Emperor Houshao of Han
Empress Dou Dou Chong, Marquis Ancheng 135 BC Emperor Wen of Han
Empress Bo 157 BC 151 BC 147 BC Emperor Jing of Han
Empress Wang Zhi Wang Zhong

Zang Er

 173 BC 150 BC 126 BC
Empress Chen Jiao Chen Wu, Marquess of Tangyi

Liu Piao, Princess Guantao

 141 BC 130 BC c.110 BC Emperor Wu of Han
Empress Wei Zifu Madam Wei (衛媼) 128 BC 91 BC
Empress Shangguan Lady Huo 89 BC(?) 84 BC 83 BC 74 BC: 37 BC Emperor Zhao of Han
Empress Xu Pingjun Xu Guanghan c.90 BC c. 76 BC 74 BC 71 BC Emperor Xuan of Han
Empress Huo Chengjun Huo Guang

Lady Xian

 70 BC: 66 BC 54 BC
Empress Wang Wang Fengguang, Marquess of Qiongcheng 64 BC 49 BC 16 BC
Empress Wang Zhengjun Wang Jin, Marquess of Yangping

Li Qin

 71 BC c.50 BC 48 BC 33 BC 13 AD Emperor Yuan of Han
Empress Xu Xu Jia, the Marquess of Ping'en 31 BC 18 BC 8 BC Emperor Cheng of Han
Empress Zhao Feiyan c. 32 BC 16 BC 7 BC 1 BC
Empress Fu Fu Yan, Marquis of Kongxiang 6 BC 1 BC Emperor Ai of Han
Empress Wang Wang Mang

Lady Wang

 8 BC 4 AD 5 AD 23 AD Emperor Ping of Han

Xin dynasty

Eastern Han dynasty
  • AD 26–41: Guo Shengtong
  • 41–57: Empress Yin Lihua
  • 60–75: Empress Ma
  • 78–88: Empress Dou
  • 96–102: Empress Yin
  • 102–106: Empress Deng Sui
  • 108–125: Empress Yan Ji
  • 132–144: Empress Liang Na
  • 147–159: Empress Liang Nüying
  • 159–165: Empress Deng Mengnü
  • 165–168: Empress Dou Miao
  • 171–178: Empress Song
  • 180–189: Empress He
  • 195–214: Empress Fu Shou
  • 215–220: Empress Cao Jie

Three Kingdoms period

Cao Wei

Shu Han

Eastern Wu
  • 251–252: Empress Pan
  • 252–258: Empress Quan Huijie
  • 262–264: Empress Zhu
  • 264–280: Empress Teng Fanglan

Jin dynasty
  • 265–274: Empress Yang Yan
  • 276–290: Empress Yang Zhi
  • 290–300: Empress Jia Nanfeng
  • 300–301, 301–304, 304, 304–305, 305, 306–307: Yang Xianrong
  • 307–311: Empress Liang Lanbi
  • 323–326: Empress Yu Wenjun
  • 336–341: Empress Du
  • 342–344: Empress Chu Suanzi
  • 357–361: Empress He Fani
  • 361–365: Empress Wang Muzhi
  • 365–366: Empress Yu Daolian
  • 375–380: Empress Wang Fahui
  • 396–403, 404–412: Empress Wang Shen'ai
  • 419–420: Chu Lingyuan

Huan Chu dynasty

Sixteen Kingdoms period

Cheng Han

Former Zhao

Later Zhao

Ran Wei

Former Liang

Later Liang

Western Liang

Northern Liang

Southern Liang

Former Qin

Later Qin

Western Qin

Former Yan

Later Yan

Northern Yan

Southern Yan

Xia

Northern and Southern dynasties

Liu Song
  • 422–424: Empress Sima Maoying
  • 424–440: Empress Yuan Qigui
  • 453: Empress Yin Yuying
  • 453–464: Empress Wang Xianyuan
  • 465: Empress Lu
  • 465–472: Empress Wang Zhenfeng
  • 472–477: Empress Jiang
  • 478–479: Empress Xie Fanjing

Southern Qi

Northern Wei

Western Wei

Eastern Wei

Northern Qi

Liang dynasty

Northern Zhou

Sui dynasty

Tang dynasty
Qin
Han (Dingyang)
Xia
Yan
Qi

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period

Qi

Former Shu

Yan

Later Liang

Southern Han

Later Tang

Wu

Min
  • 935–935: Empress Chen Jinfeng, empress consort of Wang Yanjun
  • 936–939: Empress Li Chunyan, empress consort of Wang Jipeng
  • 942–944: Empress Li, empress consort of Wang Yanxi

Southern Tang

Later Jin

Yin

Later Han

Later Zhou

Northern Han
  • ?–968: Empress Guo, empress consort of Liu Jun
  • 968–?: Empress Ma, empress consort of Liu Jiyuan

Song dynasty

Yuan dynasty
  • 1260–1281: Chabi, first empress consort of Emperor Shizu
  • 1283–1294: Nambui, second empress consort of Emperor Shizu
  • 1295–1307: Bulugan, empress consort of Emperor Chengzong
  • 1310–1311: Zhenge, empress consort of Emperor Wuzong
  • 1313–1320: Radnashiri, empress consort of Emperor Renzong
  • 1321–1323: Sugabala, empress consort of Emperor Yingzong
  • 1324–1328: Babukhan Khatun, empress consort of Emperor Taiding
  • 1328–1329: Budashiri, empress consort of Emperor Wenzong
  • 1329–1329: Babusha, empress consort of Emperor Mingzong
  • 1329–1332: Budashiri (second time), empress consort of Emperor Wenzong
  • 1332–1332: Daliyetemishi, empress consort of Emperor Ningzong
  • 1333–1335: Danashri, first empress consort of Emperor Huizong
  • 1337–1365: Bayan Khutugh, second empress consort of Emperor Huizong
  • 1340–1370: Empress Gi, third empress consort of Emperor Huizong

Ming dynasty

Southern Ming dynasty
  • 1645–1646: Empress Zeng, empress consort of the Longwu Emperor
  • 1646–1662: Empress Wang, empress consort of the Yongli Emperor

Qing dynasty

Empress Dowagers

The title of Empress Dowager was automatically given to a former Empress Consort and widow of an Emperor. The title Empress Dowager could be granted a widow of an Emperor even when she had not been the Empress Consort during the reign of her spouse. Therefore, a separate list is given of the Empress Dowagers, which in some cases equals the list of Empress Consorts, and in other cases not.

Han dynasty

Northern Dynasties

Northern Wei

Tang dynasty

Song dynasty

Yuan dynasty

Ming dynasty

Qing dynasty

Empresses whose titles were granted posthumously

Sui dynasty

Song dynasty
  • 961: Empress Dowager Du, mother of Emperor Taizu and Emperor Taizong
  • 960: Empress He, married to Emperor Taizu
  • 976: Empress Yin, married to Emperor Taizong
  • 976: Empress Fu, married to Emperor Taizong
  • 997: Empress Li, mother of Emperor Zhenzong
  • 997: Princess Pan, married to Emperor Zhenzong
  • 1033: Consort Li, mother of Emperor Renzong
  • 1036: Empress Yang, married to Emperor Zhenzong
  • 1054: Empress Zhang, married to Emperor Renzong
  • 1101: Empress Chen, mother of Emperor Huizong
  • 1102: Empress Zhu, mother of Emperor Zhezong
  • 1113: Empress Mingda, married to Emperor Huizong
  • 1121: Empress Mingzhe, married to Emperor Huizong
  • 1159: Empress Xianren, mother of Emperor Gaozong
  • 1162: Empress Chengmu, married to Emperor Xiaozong

Yuan dynasty
  • 1336: Mailaiti, mother of Emperor Huizong

Ming dynasty and Southern Ming dynasty

Qing dynasty

See also
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