List of armed conflicts involving the United States
The history of armed conflicts involving the United States of America spans a period of more than four centuries. A period ranging from the early era of European colonization and the formation of the new national polity that is to become the United States, to its evolvement through technological and political upheavals into a decisively modern republic and military force, and ascent onto the world stage, through the calamities of the 20th century, as the largely unrivaled imperial superpower that it is today.[1]
Colonial and early national period
The lines of conflict demarcating the wars, rebellions, and revolutions in the North American colonial and national period can be traced far back into early pre-Columbian times. However, due to the scarcity of written sources, not least resulting from the Christian colonizers destroying a sizable amount of original Maya writings, deeming them to be heretical, historians typically make the early European settlements as their initial point of departure, of which sources are more plentiful.[2]
A further concern highlighted by historians, relating to history of slavery and colonialism in particular, is the inherent unevenness of the terrain in which conflicts erupt, and often tremendous disproportionality of means by which they are fought and settled. As historian Ira Berlin points out slavery, by its very definition, poses a profound asymmetry of power: "For three centuries, slave masters mobilized enormous resources that stretched across continents and oceans and employed them with great ferocity in an effort to subdue their human property. Slaves, for their part, had little to depend upon but themselves."[3]
As such, four distinctive lines of conflict can be identified weaving through the colonial and early national period. Firstly, the conflicts between the European colonists and the Native American peoples whose land was being taken from them. Secondly, the rivaling between the European states' to subjugate the Americas. A rivalry that both settlers and Native Indians soon find themselves to be invariably and increasingly caught up in. Thirdly, the mounting tensions and armed conflicts between the settlers and their rulers in Europe. And lastly, as violence between the white people grew, so too did the revolutionary fervor of the African slaves in their quest for freedom through armed insurrection.[4]
Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results and assessment of outcome |
---|---|---|---|
Expedition of Juan Ponce de León
(1521) Location: Southwest Florida |
Spanish conquistadors | Calusa People | Conquistador defeat
|
Rebellion in San Miguel de Guadalupe
(1526) |
Spanish settlers | Guale People | Spanish settlers defeat
|
Mutiny at Charlesfort
(1562-1563) |
French colonists | French mutineers
|
French colonist blunder
|
Spanish assault on French Florida
(1565) Location: Fort Caroline, Florida; Matanzas Inlet |
French Huguenot defeat
| ||
Raid on St. Augustine
(1586) Location: St. Augustine, Florida |
Apalachee People |
||
Roanoke Colony
(1587–1590) Part of the American Indian Wars |
|||
Anglo-Powhatan Wars
(1610–1646) Part of the American Indian Wars Location: Colony of Virginia |
|||
First Indian attack on Jamestown
(1622) Part of the American Indian Wars Location: Colony of Virginia |
Powhatan Indians | English settlers | English settlers defeat |
Beaver Wars
(1629–1701) Part of the American Indian Wars Location: Great Lakes region |
Iroquois |
Huron Erie Neutral Odawa Ojibwe Mississaugas Potawatomi Algonquin Shawnee Wenro Mahican Innu Abenaki Miami Illinois Confederation Supported by: |
|
Pequot War
(1637–1638) Part of the American Indian Wars Location: Southern New England |
Pequot tribe | English Colonists * * Plymouth Colony * Saybrook Colony * Connecticut Colony Allies: * Narragansett tribe * Mohegan tribe |
|
Kieft's War
(1643–1645) Part of the American Indian Wars Location: New Netherland |
Lenape | ||
Second Indian attack on Jamestown
(1644) Part of the American Indian Wars |
|||
Peach Tree War
(1655) Part of the American Indian Wars Location: Pavonia, New Amsterdam, Staten Island, Bronx |
Susquehannock and allied tribes | New Netherland |
Native American victory
|
Esopus Wars
(1659–1663) Part of the American Indian Wars Location: New Netherland |
|||
Virginia's Indentured Servants' Plot
(1661) Location: Virginia |
|||
King Philip's War
(1675–1678) Part of the American Indian Wars |
Mohegans Pequots |
Wampanoags Nipmucks Podunks Narragansetts Nashaway |
|
Bacon's Rebellion
(1675–1676) |
|||
King William's War
(1689–1697) |
|||
Queen Anne's War
(1702–1713) Part of the War of the Spanish Succession Location: North America |
|||
Comanche Wars
(1706–1875) Part of the American Indian Wars Location: South-central United States and northern Mexico |
| ||
Tuscarora War
(1711–1715) Part of the American Indian Wars Location: Eastern North Carolina |
|||
New York slave revolt of 1712
(1712) Location: New York City |
|||
Yamasee War
(1715–1717) Part of the American Indian Wars Location: eastern South Carolina |
|||
Dummer's War
(1722–1727) Part of the American Indian Wars |
|||
War of Jenkin's Ear–King George's War
(1739–1744–1748) |
|||
Stono slave rebellion
(1739) |
|||
New York Conspiracy of 1741
(1741) Location: New York City |
|||
French and Indian War
(1754–1763) |
|||
Pontiac's War
(1763) Part of the American Indian Wars |
Ottawas Ojibwas Potawatomis Hurons Miamis Weas Kickapoos Mascoutens Piankashaws Delawares Shawnees Wyandots Mingos |
Stalemate
| |
Conestoga Massacre
(1763) Location: Pennsylvania |
|||
War of the Regulation
(1765–1771) Location: North Carolina |
Regulators | ||
Boston Massacre
(1770) Part of the American Revolution Location: Boston, Massachusetts, British America |
|||
Battle of Alamance Creek
(1771) |
|||
American Revolutionary War
(1775–1783) Location: Eastern North America, Gibraltar, India, Caribbean Sea, and the Atlantic |
Watauga Association |
U.S. allied victory
| |
Lord Dunmore's War
(1774) Part of the American Indian Wars Location: Upper Ohio Valley |
|||
Cherokee–American wars (1776–1795) Part of the American Indian Wars Location: Old Southwest |
U.S. victory | ||
Baylor Massacre
(1778) Part of the American Revolutionary War Location: River Vale, New Jersey |
|||
Northwest Indian War (1785–1793) Part of the American Indian Wars Location: Northwest Territory |
Chickasaw Choctaw |
Western Confederacy
List
|
U.S. allied victory
|
Shays' Rebellion (1786–1787) Location: Massachusetts |
Anti-Government Protesters | U.S. victory
| |
Whiskey Rebellion (1791–1794) Location: Western Pennsylvania |
Frontier tax protesters | U.S. victory
| |
Battle of Fallen Timbers
(1794) |
|||
Nickajack Expedition
(1794-) Part of the American Indian Wars Location: Southwest Territory |
|||
Quasi-War (1798–1800) Part of the French Revolutionary Wars Location: Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean, the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean |
Co-belligerent: |
Mixed
| |
Fries's Rebellion
(1799) Location: Pennsylvania |
Tax protesters | U.S. victory
| |
19th-century
Conflict | U.S. and allies | Opponents | Results and assessment of outcome |
---|---|---|---|
Gabriel's slave rebellion
(1800) |
|||
First Barbary War (1801–1805) Part of the Barbary Wars Location: Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Tripoli. |
U.S. allied victory
| ||
Sabine Expedition
(1806) Part of the American Indian Wars Location: Sabine River (Texas–Louisiana) |
|||
1811 German Coast Uprising (1811) Location: Territory of Orleans |
Rebel slaves Supported by: |
U.S. victory
| |
Tecumseh's War (1811) Part of the American Indian Wars and the War of 1812 Location: Northwest River Ohio |
Tecumseh's Confederacy
List
|
U.S. victory
| |
War of 1812 (1812–1815) Location: Eastern and Central North America |
Choctaw Cherokee Nation Creek Allies |
List
|
Stalemate
Treaty of Ghent; Status quo ante bellum with no boundary changes
|
Creek War (1813–1814) Part of the American Indian Wars and the War of 1812 Location: Southern United States |
Lower Creeks Cherokee Nation Choctaw |
Red Stick Creek | U.S. allied victory
|
Second Barbary War (1815) Part of the Barbary Wars Location: Mediterranean Sea and the Barbary states. |
U.S. victory
| ||
First Seminole War (1817–1818) Part of the Seminole Wars and the American Indian Wars |
Seminole
|
Victory
| |
Long Expedition (1819) |
Mixed
| ||
Texas–Indian wars (1820–1875) Part of the American Indian Wars and the Mexican Indian Wars Location: Texas |
U.S. allied victory
| ||
Arikara War (1823) Part of the American Indian Wars Location: Missouri River |
Arikara | Mixed[6]
| |
Aegean Sea Anti-Piracy Operations of the United States (1825–1828) Part of Piracy in the Mediterranean Location: Off Greece, Aegean Sea |
U.S. victory
| ||
Winnebago War (1827) Part of the American Indian Wars Location: Illinois and Michigan Territory |
Prairie La Crosse Ho-Chunks with a few allies |
U.S. victory
| |
First Sumatran expedition (1832) Part of the Sumatran expeditions Location: Aceh Sultanate |
Chiefdom of Kuala Batee | U.S. allied victory
| |
Black Hawk War (1832) Part of the American Indian Wars Location: Illinois and Michigan Territory |
Ho-Chunk Menominee Potawatomi |
Black Hawks British Band Ho-Chunk and Potawatomi allies |
U.S. allied victory
|
Second Seminole War (1835–1842) Part of the Seminole Wars and the American Indian Wars Location: Florida, United States |
Seminole | Victory
| |
Second Creek War
(1836) Part of the American Indian Wars Location: Alabama |
|||
Caroline affair
(1837) Location: Niagara River |
Reform Movement of Upper Canada |
Mixed | |
Osage Indian War
(1837) Part of the American Indian Wars Location: Great Plains |
|||
Second Sumatran expedition (1838) Part of the Sumatran expeditions Location: Aceh Sultanate |
Chiefdom of Kuala Batee | U.S. allied victory
| |
Haun's Mill massacre
(1838) Part of Missouri Mormon War Location: Caldwell County, Missouri |
|||
Aroostook War (1838) Location: Maine and New Brunswick |
Compromise Webster–Ashburton Treaty
| ||
Creole case
(1841) Location: Nassau, Bahamas – New Orleans, Louisiana |
|||
Ivory Coast Expedition (1842) Part of the African Slave Trade Patrol Location: Ivory Coast |
|
U.S. victory
| |
Mexican–American War (1846–1848) Location: Texas, New Mexico, California and Mexico |
U.S. allied victory
| ||
Conquest of California
(1846–1847) Location: California |
Catastrophe
| ||
Cayuse War (1847–1855) Part of the American Indian Wars Location: Oregon |
Cayuse | U.S. victory
| |
Ute Wars
(1849–1923) Part of the American Indian Wars Location: Colorado, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico |
|||
Yuma War
(1850–1853) Part of the American Indian Wars Location: Southern California |
|||
Johanna Expedition (1851) Location: Matsamudu, Johanna Island |
U.S. victory
| ||
Apache Wars (1851–1900) Part of the Texas–Indian wars Location: Southwestern United States |
Apache Ute Yavapai |
U.S. victory
| |
Erie Railroad War
(1853–1854) Location: Pennsylvania |
|||
Sioux Wars
(1854–1891) Part of the American Indian Wars Location: Great Plains |
|||
Bleeding Kansas
(1854–1861) |
|||
Puget Sound War (1855–1856) Part of the American Indian Wars Location: Washington |
Snoqualmie |
Nisqually Muckleshoot Puyallup Klickitat Haida Tlingit |
U.S. allied victory
|
First Fiji Expedition
(1855) Part of the Fiji Expeditions Location: Fiji |
Fiji | U.S. victory | |
Bloody Monday Election Riots of 1855
(1855) Location: Louisville, Kentucky |
|||
Rogue River Wars (1855–1856) Location: Rogue Valley |
Rogue River people | U.S. victory
| |
Third Seminole War
Part of the Seminole Wars and the American Indian Wars |
Seminole | Stalemate[10]
| |
Battle of Ty-ho Bay (1855) |
Chinese Pirates | U.S. allied victory | |
Yakima War
Part of the American Indian Wars Location: Washington Territory |
Snoqualmie |
Yakama Walla Walla tribe Umatilla tribe Nez Perce tribe Cayuse tribe |
U.S. allied victory
|
Pottawatomie massacre
(1856) Part of the prelude to the American Civil War Location: Franklin County, Kansas |
|||
Second Opium War
Part of the Opium Wars Location: China |
U.S. allied victory
| ||
Spirit Lake Massacre
(1857) Location: Okoboji and Spirit Lake, Iowa |
|||
Utah War
Part of the Mormon wars Location: Utah Territory and Wyoming |
Deseret/Utah Mormons (Nauvoo Legion) | Compromise
| |
Mountain Meadows Massacre
(1857) Part of the Mormon wars Location: Mountain Meadows, Utah Territory |
|||
Marais des Cygnes massacre
(1858) Part of the prelude to the American Civil War Location: Kansas Territory, Missouri |
|||
Navajo Wars (1858–1866) Part of the American Indian Wars Location: New Mexico |
Navajo | U.S. victory
| |
Antelope Hills expedition
(1858) Part of the American Indian Wars Location: Comancheria, Texas, Oklahoma |
|||
Mohave War
(1858–1859) Part of the American Indian Wars Location: Arizona |
|||
Second Fiji Expedition
(1859) Part of the Fiji Expeditions Location: Fiji |
Fiji | U.S. victory | |
John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry
(1859) Part of pre-Civil War conflicts Location: West Virginia |
Abolitionist Insurgents | U.S. victory | |
First and Second Cortina War (1859–1861) |
U.S. allied victory | ||
Paiute War
(1860) Part of the American Indian Wars Location: Pyramid Lake, Nevada |
Paiute Shoshone Bannock |
U.S. victory
| |
American Civil War (1861–1865) Location: United States |
U.S. victory
| ||
Sacking of Osceola
(1861) Part of the American Civil War Location: Osceola, Missouri |
|||
Yavapai Wars (1861–1875) Location: Arizona |
Yavapai Apache Yuma Mohave |
U.S. victory | |
Dakota War of 1862 (1862) Location: Minnesota and Dakota |
U.S. victory
| ||
Lawrence massacre
(1863) Part of the American Civil War Location: Lawrence, Douglas County, Kansas |
|||
Colorado War (1863–1865) |
Victory
| ||
Shimonoseki War (1863–1864) Location: Kanmon Straits |
U.S. allied victory
| ||
Centralia Massacre (Missouri)
(1864) Part of the American Civil War Location: Centralia, Missouri |
|||
Fort Pillow massacre
(1864) Part of the American Civil War Location: Lauderdale County, Tennessee |
|||
Snake War (1864–1868) Locations: Oregon, Nevada, California, and Idaho |
Paiute Bannock Shoshone |
U.S. victory | |
Powder River War (1865) Location: Powder River State |
Mixed | ||
Hualapai War
(1865–1870) Part of the American Indian Wars Location: Arizona Territory |
|||
Second Franco-Mexican War (1865–1867) Location: Mexico |
U.S. allied victory
| ||
Red Cloud's War (1866–1868) Location: Powder River State |
U.S. defeat
| ||
Formosa Expedition (1867) Location: Southern Formosa (Taiwan) |
Paiwan | U.S. defeat
| |
Comanche Campaign (1867–1875) Location: Western United States |
Kiowa |
U.S. victory
| |
Opelousas massacre
(1868) Location: Opelousas, Louisiana |
|||
Battle of Boca Teacapan
(1870) Location: Boca Teacapan, Sinaloa, Teacapan Estuary |
U.S. victory | ||
Sheep Wars
(c.1870–1920) Location: Texas, Arizona and the border region of Wyoming and Colorado |
|||
United States expedition to Korea (1871) Location: Ganghwado |
Victory[12]
| ||
Modoc War (1872–1873) Location: California and Oregon |
U.S. victory
| ||
Colfax massacre
(1873) Location: Colfax, Louisiana |
Court attackers
|
Court defenders
|
Catastrophe
|
Election riot of 1874
(1874) Location: Barbour County, Alabama |
|||
Red River War (1874–1875) Location: Texas |
Kiowa |
U.S. victory
| |
Coushatta massacre
(1874) Location: Louisiana |
|||
Las Cuevas War (1875) |
U.S. victory
| ||
Great Sioux War of 1876 (1876–1877) Location: Montana, Dakota and Wyoming |
U.S. victory
| ||
Hamburg massacre
(1876) Part of the Reconstruction Era Location: South Carolina |
|||
Buffalo Hunters' War (1876–1877) |
Apache |
U.S. victory | |
Nez Perce War (1877) Location: Oregon, Idaho, Wyoming, and Montana |
Nez Perce Palouse |
U.S. victory
| |
Great Railroad Strike of 1877
(1877) Location: Martinsburg, West Virginia |
|||
Bannock War (1878) |
Bannock Shoshone Paiute |
U.S. victory
| |
Cheyenne War (1878–1879) Location: Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota and Montana |
U.S. victory
| ||
Sheepeater Indian War (1879) Location: Idaho |
Shoshone | U.S. victory | |
Victorio's War (1879–1881) Location: Mexico |
Apache | U.S. allied victory
| |
White River War (1879–1880) Location: Colorado |
Ute | U.S. victory
| |
Tong Wars
(1880–1913) Location: San Francisco, Chicago, New York |
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Guadalupe Canyon Massacre
(1881) Location: Peloncillo Mountains – Guadalupe Mountains |
|||
Rock Springs massacre
(1885) Location: Rock Springs, Wyoming |
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Great Southwest railroad strike of 1886
(1886) |
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Bay View massacre
(1886) Location: Milwaukee, Wisconsin |
|||
Haymarket affair
(1886) Location: Chicago, Illinois |
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Hawaiian rebellions
(1887–1895) Location: Hawaii |
U.S. blunder
| ||
Hells Canyon massacre
(1887) Location: Wallowa County, Oregon |
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Thibodaux massacre
(1887) Location: Thibodaux, Louisiana |
|||
Crow War
(1887) Part of the American Indian Wars Location: Montana |
|||
Pine Ridge Campaign (1890–1891) Location: South Dakota |
Mixed | ||
Garza Revolution (1891–1893) |
Garzistas | U.S. allied victory | |
Homestead Steel strike
(1892) Location: Homestead, Pennsylvania |
|||
1892 Coeur d'Alene labor strike
(1892) Location: Coeur d'Alene, Idaho |
|||
Cripple Creek miners' strike of 1894
(1894) Location: Cripple Creek, Colorado |
|||
Bannock War of 1895
(1895) Part of the American Indian Wars Location: Jackson's Hole, Wyoming |
|||
Yaqui Wars (1896–1918) |
Pima Opata |
U.S. allied victory | |
Leadville miners' strike
(1896–1897) Location: Leadville, Colorado |
|||
Lattimer massacre
(1897) Location: Lattimer, Pennsylvania |
|||
Second Samoan Civil War (1898–1899) Location: Samoa |
Samoa |
Mataafans |
Mixed
|
Battle of Sugar Point
(1898) Part of the American Indian Wars Location: Leech Lake, Minnesota |
|||
Spanish–American War (1898) Location: Cuba, Puerto Rico, Philippines and Guam |
U.S. allied victory
| ||
Illinois coal wars
(1898–1900) Part of the Coal Wars Location: Illinois |
| ||
Philippine–American War (1899–1902) Location: Philippines |
1899-1902 1902-1906 |
1899-1902 Limited Foreign Support: 1902-1906 |
Victory
|
Moro Rebellion (1899–1913) |
Victory
| ||
Boxer Rebellion (1899–1901) Location: China |
U.S. allied victory
|
20th-century
Conflict | U.S. and allies | Opponents | Results and assessment of outcome |
---|---|---|---|
St. Louis streetcar strike of 1900
(1900) Location: St. Louis, Missouri |
|||
Colorado Labor Wars
(1903–1904) Location: Colorado |
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1905 Chicago teamsters' strike
(1905) Location: Chicago, Illinois |
|||
San Francisco streetcar strike of 1907
(1907) Location: San Francisco |
|||
Crazy Snake Rebellion (1909) Location: Oklahoma |
Creek | U.S. victory | |
Pressed Steel Car strike of 1909
(1909) Location: McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania |
|||
Border War (1910–1919) Part of the Mexican Revolution Location: Mexico–United States border |
U.S. victory
| ||
Westmoreland County coal strike
(1910–1911) Location: Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania |
|||
Battle of Kelley Creek
(1911) Part of the American Indian Wars Location: Humboldt County, Nevada |
|||
Negro Rebellion (1912) Part of the Banana Wars Location: Cuba |
U.S. allied victory
| ||
Paint Creek Mine War
(1912–1913) Location: Cabin Creek, West Virginia |
|||
Occupation of Nicaragua (1912–1933) Part of the Banana Wars Location: Nicaragua |
U.S. allied victory
| ||
Copper Country strike of 1913–14
(1913–1914) Location: Copper Country, Michigan |
|||
Bluff War (1914–1915) |
Ute Paiute |
U.S. victory | |
Ludlow Massacre
(1914) Location: Colorado |
|||
Occupation of Veracruz (1914) Part of the Mexican Revolution Location: Mexico |
U.S. victory
| ||
Occupation of Haiti (1915–1934) Part of the Banana Wars Location: Haiti |
U.S. allied victory
| ||
Bayonne refinery strikes
(1915–1916) Location: Bayonne, New Jersey |
|||
Occupation of the Dominican Republic (1916–1924) Part of the Banana Wars Location: Dominican Republic |
U.S. victory
| ||
World War I (1914–1918) Location: Europe, Africa, Asia, Middle East, the Pacific Islands, and coast of North and South America |
U.S. allied victory
| ||
Everett massacre
(1916) Location: Everett, Washington |
|||
Battle of Bear Valley
(1918) Part of the American Indian Wars Location: Arizona |
|||
Russian Civil War (1918–1920) Location: Russia, Mongolia, and Iran |
U.S. allied defeat
| ||
Centralia massacre (Washington)
(1919) Location: Centralia, Washington |
|||
Steel strike of 1919
(1919) Location: United States |
|||
Battle of Matewan
(1920) Location: Matewan, West Virginia |
|||
Ocoee massacre
(1920) Part of Racism in the United States Location: Ocoee, Florida |
|||
Tulsa race riot
(1921) Part of Racism in the United States Location: Greenwood, Tulsa |
|||
Battle of Blair Mountain
(1921) Part of Coal Wars Location: Logan County, West Virginia |
|||
Perry race riot
(1922) Part of Racism in the United States Location: Perry, Florida |
|||
Herrin massacre
(1922) Part of Coal Wars Location: Herrin, Illinois |
|||
Last Indian Uprising (1923) Location: Utah |
Ute Paiute |
Victory | |
Rosewood massacre
(1923) Part of Racism in the United States Location: Rosewood, Florida |
|||
Hanapepe massacre
(1924) Location: Hanapepe, Hawaii |
|||
Columbine Mine massacre
(1927) Location: Serene, Colorado |
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Harlan County War
(1931–1939) Part of Coal Wars Location: Harlan County, Kentucky |
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Ford Hunger March
(1932) Location: Detroit, Michigan |
|||
California agricultural strikes of 1933
(1933) Location: California |
|||
Textile workers strike
(1934) Location: New England, the Mid-Atlantic states and the U.S. Southern states |
|||
Ponce massacre
(1937) Location: Ponce, Puerto Rico |
|||
Women's day massacre
(1937) Location: Youngstown, Ohio |
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Little Steel strike
(1937) Location: United States |
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World War II (1939–1945) Location: Europe, Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Southeast Asia, Middle East, Mediterranean, North Africa, North and South America |
U.S. allied victory
| ||
First Indochina War (1946–1954) Part of the Cold War Location: French Indochina |
U.S. allied defeat
| ||
Korean War (1950–1953) Part of the Cold War Location: Korea |
Armistice
| ||
Operation Ajax (1953) Location: Tehran, Imperial State of Iran |
Mixed
| ||
Laotian Civil War (1953–1975) Part of the Indochina Wars and Cold War Location: Laos |
Supported by: |
|
U.S. allied defeat
|
Lebanon Crisis (1958) Location: Lebanon |
Victory
| ||
Bay of Pigs Invasion (1961) Part of the Cold War Location: Cuba |
U.S. allied defeat
| ||
Simba Rebellion (1964) Part of the Cold War Location: Democratic Republic of the Congo |
U.S. allied victory
| ||
Vietnam War (1965–1973[lower-alpha 2], 1975[lower-alpha 3]) Part of the Cold War and Indochina Wars Location: Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos |
Supported by: |
U.S. allied defeat
| |
Communist insurgency in Thailand (1965-1983) Part of the Cold War Location: Thailand |
|
U.S. allied victory
| |
Korean DMZ Conflict (1966–1969) Part of the Korean conflict and the Cold War Location: Korean Demilitarized Zone |
U.S. allied victory
| ||
Dominican Civil War (1965–1966) Location: Dominican Republic |
U.S. allied victory
| ||
Insurgency in Bolivia (1966–1967) Part of the Cold War Location: Bolivia |
U.S. allied victory
| ||
Cambodian Civil War (1967–1975) Location: Cambodia |
Other Supports |
Other Supports |
U.S. allied defeat
|
Golden Dragon massacre
(1977) Part of Gangs in the United States Location: San Francisco, California |
|||
War in South Zaire (1978) Location: Zaire |
Supported by: |
U.S. allied victory
| |
Soviet–Afghan War (1979) Location: Democratic Republic of Afghanistan |
Supported by: |
Mixed
| |
Greensboro massacre
(1979) Location: Greensboro, North Carolina |
|||
Operation Eagle Claw (1980) Part of the Iranian hostage crisis Location: Iran |
U.S. blunder
| ||
Gulf of Sidra encounter (1981) Location: Gulf of Sidra |
U.S. victory
| ||
Lebanese Civil War (1982–1984) Location: Lebanon |
Multinational Force in Lebanon: SLA |
Mixed
| |
Invasion of Grenada (1983) Part of the Cold War Location: Grenada |
Military advisors: |
U.S. allied victory
| |
Action in the Gulf of Sidra (1986) |
U.S. victory
| ||
Bombing of Libya (1986) Location: Libya |
U.S. victory
| ||
Tobruk encounter (1989) Location: Mediterranean Sea |
U.S. victory
| ||
Invasion of Panama (1989–1990) Location: Panama |
U.S. allied victory
| ||
Gulf War (1990–1991) Location: Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Israel |
U.S. allied victory
| ||
Iraqi No-Fly Zone Enforcement Operations (1991–2003) Location: Iraq |
U.S. allied victory
| ||
First Intervention in the Somali Civil War (1992–1995) Location: Somalia |
Mixed
| ||
Bosnian War (1992–1995) Part of the Yugoslav Wars Location: Bosnia and Herzegovina |
Victory | ||
Intervention in Haiti (1994–1995) Location: Haiti |
Victory
| ||
Kosovo War (1998–1999) Part of the Yugoslav Wars Location: Serbia |
Victory[26][27][28][29]
| ||
Operation Infinite Reach (1998) Location: Sudan and Afghanistan |
Harkat-ul-Mujahideen |
U.S. blunder
| |
- Covertly
- Direct U.S. involvement ended in 1973 with the Paris Peace Accords. Air Force and Special Ops continued some operations until April 1975; President Ford in a televised speech on April 23, 1975 declared the end of Vietnam War.
- The war reignited on 13 December 1974 with offensive operations by North Vietnam, leading to victory over South Vietnam in under two months.
21st-century
Conflict | U.S. and allies | Opponents | Results and assessment of outcome |
---|---|---|---|
Nepalese Civil War
(2002–2006) Part of the War on Terror Location: Nepal |
U.S. allied defeat
| ||
War in Afghanistan (2001–present) Part of the War on Terror Location: Afghanistan |
Formerly: |
Allied groups
Taliban splinter groups
2001 Invasion: |
Ongoing
|
Insurgency in the Maghreb
(2002–present) Part of the War on Terror Location: Maghreb, Sahara desert, Sahel |
Supported & Trained By: |
Supported By:
|
Ongoing
|
Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa
(2002–present) Location: Horn of Africa, Gulf of Aden, Guardafui Channel |
NATO allies:
|
Pirates: |
Ongoing |
Iraq War (2003–2011) Part of the War on Terror Location: Iraq |
2003 Invasion: |
Partial Victory
| |
War in North-West Pakistan (2004–present) Part of the War on Terror Location: Pakistan |
Ongoing
| ||
War in Somalia (2007–present) Location: Somalia and Northeastern Kenya |
Hizbul Islam |
Ongoing
| |
Operation Ocean Shield (2009–2016) Location: Indian Ocean |
Somali pirates | U.S. allied victory
| |
American-led intervention in Libya (2011) Part of the Libyan Crisis Location: Libya |
U.S. allied victory
| ||
Operation Observant Compass
(2011-2017) Location: Uganda |
Victory
| ||
American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2017) Part of Operation Inherent Resolve, the Iraqi Civil War, the Spillover of the Syrian Civil War, and the International ISIS campaign Location: Iraq |
Ongoing
| ||
American-led intervention in Syria (2014–present) Part of Operation Inherent Resolve, the Syrian Civil War and the International ISIS campaign Location: Syria |
Formerly:
|
Partial Support: |
Ongoing
|
Yemeni Civil War (2015–present) Location: Yemen |
Saudi-led Coalition: |
Supported by: |
Ongoing
|
American intervention in Libya (2015–present) Part of the Second Libyan Civil War Location: Libya |
Ongoing
| ||
See also
- Military history of the United States
- American imperialism
- Indian removal
- Foreign policy of the United States
- Timeline of United States military operations
- List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States
- List of massacres in the United States
- List of wars fought by the United States
- United States involvement in regime change
- United States war crimes
- Genocide of indigenous peoples
- United States military casualties of war
- List of ongoing armed conflicts
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External links
- Heidelberg Institute for International Conflict Research (HIIK)
- Conflict Barometer – Describes recent trends in conflict development, escalations, and settlements
- A Continent Divided: The U.S.-Mexico War, Center for Greater Southwestern Studies, the University of Texas at Arlington
- Timeline of wars involving the United States, Histropedia
- U.S. Periods of War and Dates of Recent Conflicts, Congressional Research Service