List of University of Michigan alumni

There are more than 500,000 living alumni of the University of Michigan. Notable alumni include computer scientist and entrepreneur Larry Page, actor James Earl Jones, and President of the United States Gerald Ford.

Academic unit key
SymbolAcademic unit
ARCHTaubman College
BUSRoss School of Business
COECollege of Engineering
DENTSchool of Dentistry
GFSPPGerald R. Ford School of Public Policy
HHRSHorace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies
LAWLaw School
LSACollege of LS&A
MEDMedical School
SMTDSchool of Music, Theatre and Dance
PHARMSchool of Pharmacy
SOESchool of Education
SNRESchool of Natural Resources
SOADThe Stamps School of Art & Design
SOISchool of Information
SONSchool of Nursing
SOKSchool of Kinesiology
SOSWSchool of Social Work
SPHSchool of Public Health
TCAUPArchitecture and Urban Planning
MDNGMatriculated, did not graduate

Alumni

Nobel laureates

Activists
  • Benjamin Aaron (LS&A 1937), scholar of labor law; director of the National War Labor Board during World War II; vice chairman of the National Wage Stabilization Board during the Truman administration
  • Ricardo Ainslie (Ph.D.), native of Mexico City, Mexico; Guggenheim award winner
  • Santos Primo Amadeo (BA), a.k.a. "Champion of Hábeas Corpus;" attorney and law professor at the University of Puerto Rico; Senator in the Puerto Rico legislature; counsel to the American Civil Liberties Union branch in Puerto Rico, established in 1937; winner of a Guggenheim award
  • Huwaida Arraf (LS&A: 1998), Palestinian rights activist; co-founder of the International Solidarity Movement; chair of the Free Gaza Movement
  • Jan BenDor (SOSW M.S.W.), women's rights activist, member of Michigan Women's Hall of Fame
  • Bunyan Bryant, environmental justice advocate
  • Mary Frances Berry (LAW: JD/Ph.D.), former chairwoman of United States Civil Rights Commission
  • Cindy Cohn (LAW: JD 1988), attorney for Bernstein v. United States, legal director for the Electronic Frontier Foundation
  • Richard Cordley (BA 1854), abolitionist minister who served Lawrence, Kansas during the 19th century
  • George William Crockett (LAW: JD 1934), African American attorney; state court judge in Detroit, Michigan; US Representative; national vice-president of the National Lawyers Guild; participated in the founding convention of the racially integrated National Lawyers Guild in 1937, and later served as its national vice-president; first African American lawyer in the U.S. Department of Labor (1939–1943)
  • Clarence Darrow (LAW 1878), Leopold and Loeb lawyer, defense attorney for John T. Scopes
  • Terry Davis (BUS: MBA 1962), member of the UK Parliament for 28 years, now Secretary General of the Council of Europe and human rights activist
  • Geoffrey Fieger (BA 1974; MA 1976), attorney; defense attorney for Jack Kevorkian
  • Alan Haber, first President of the Students for a Democratic Society
  • Tom Hayden, author of Port Huron Statement; member of Chicago Seven; co-founder of Students for a Democratic Society; member of each house of California's Legislature
  • Alireza Jafarzadeh, Iranian activist and nuclear analyst
  • Lyman T. Johnson (AM 1931), history graduate; the grandson of slaves; successfully sued to integrate the University of Kentucky, opening that state's colleges and universities to African-Americans five years before the landmark Brown v. Board of Education ruling
  • Maureen Greenwood, human rights activist active in Russia
  • Belford Vance Lawson, Jr., attorney who made at least eight appearances before the Supreme Court; attended Michigan and became the school's first African American varsity football player
  • Michael Newdow (LAW: JD 1988), made headlines by challenging the constitutionality of the Pledge of Allegiance
  • Carl Oglesby, writer, academic, and political activist; president of the radical student organization Students for a Democratic Society from 1965 to 1966[1]
  • Milo Radulovich, became a symbol of the excesses of anti-Communism when he challenged his removal from the Air Force Reserve (judged a security risk) and his story was chronicled by Edward Murrow in 1953 on the television newsmagazine program See It Now; in 2008 the Board of Regents approved a posthumous Bachelor of Science degree with a concentration in physics
  • Ralph Rose, six-time Olympic medalist, began the tradition of refusing to dip the United States flag during opening ceremonies
  • Jack Hood Vaughn (BA, MA), second Director of the United States Peace Corps, succeeding Sargent Shriver
  • Raoul Wallenberg (ARCH: B.Arch. 1935), Swedish diplomat, rescued thousands of Jews during the Holocaust, primarily in Hungary
  • Jerry White (BUS: MBA 2005), co-founder and executive director of the Landmine Survivors Network
  • Hao Wu (BUS: MBA 2000), documentary filmmaker and blogger; controversially imprisoned by Chinese government for 5 months in 2006

Aerospace
  • Claudia Alexander (Ph.D. 1993), member of the technical staff at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory; the last project manager of NASA's Galileo mission to Jupiter; project manager of NASA's role in the European-led Rosetta mission to study comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko; once named UM's Woman of the Year
  • Aisha Bowe (BS, MS 2009), NASA aerospace engineer; CEO of STEMBoard, a technology company
  • Robert A. Fuhrman (BS AE), pioneering Lockheed engineer who played a central role in the creation of the Polaris and Poseidon missiles; during more than three decades at Lockheed, he served as president of three of its companies: Lockheed-Georgia, Lockheed-California, and Lockheed Missiles & Space; became president and chief operating officer of the corporation in 1986 and vice chairman in 1988; retired in 1990
  • Edgar Nathaniel Gott (COE: 1909), early aviation industry executive; co-founder and first president of the Boeing Company; senior executive of several aircraft companies, including Fokker and Consolidated Aircraft
  • Robert Hall (COE: BSE 1927), designer of the Granville Brothers Aircraft Gee Bee Z racer that won the 1931 Thompson Trophy race; Grumman test pilot; credited with major role in the design of the Grumman F4F Wildcat, F6F Hellcat and TBM Avenger
  • Willis Hawkins (COE: BSE 1937), Lockheed engineer; contributed to the designs of historic Lockheed aircraft including the Constellation, P-80 Shooting Star, XF-90, F-94 Starfire, F-104 Starfighter and C-130 Hercules; later President of Lockheed
  • Clarence "Kelly" Johnson (COE: 1932 BSE, 1933 MSE, 1964 PhD (Hon.)), founder of the Lockheed Skunk Works; designer of the Lockheed P-38 Lightning, P-80 Shooting Star, JetStar, F-104 Starfighter, U-2 and SR-71 Blackbird; winner of the National Medal of Science
  • Edgar J. Lesher, aircraft designer; pilot; professor of aerospace engineering
  • Elizabeth Muriel Gregory "Elsie" MacGill (COE: MSE) OC, known as the "Queen of the Hurricanes"; first female aircraft designer
  • Joseph Francis Shea (BS 1946, MS 1950, Ph.D. 1955), manager of the Apollo Spacecraft Program office during Project Apollo

Art, architecture, and design

See List of University of Michigan arts alumni

Arts and entertainment

See List of University of Michigan arts alumni

Astronauts
  • Daniel T. Barry (medical internship), engineer, scientist, retired NASA astronaut
  • Theodore Freeman (COE: MSAE 1960), one of the third group of astronauts selected by NASA; died in T-38 crash at Ellington Air Force Base
  • Karl G. Henize (Ph.D. 1954), STS-51-F, 1985
  • James Irwin (COE: MSAE 1957), Apollo 15, 1971
  • Jack Lousma (COE: BSAE 1959), Skylab 3 1973; STS-3, 1982
  • James McDivitt (COE: BSE AA 1959, ScD hon. 1965), graduated first in his class; Command Pilot Gemini 4, 1965; Commander Apollo 9; Program Manager for Apollo 12–16; Brigadier general, U.S. Air Force; vice president (retired), Rockwell International Corporation
  • Donald Ray McMonagle (MBA 2003), retired USAF Colonel, USAF; became manager of launch integration at the Kennedy Space Center in 1997
  • David Scott (MDNG: 1949–1950; ScD hon. 1971), Apollo 15, 1971; first man to drive a lunar rover on the Moon
  • James M. Taylor (B.S. 1959), Air Force astronaut, test pilot
  • Ed White (COE: MSAE 1959, Hon. PhD Astronautics 1965), first American to walk in space (Gemini 4), 1965; died in Apollo 1 test accident, 1967
  • Alfred Worden (COE: MSAE 1964, Scd hon. 1971), Apollo 15, 1971

A campus plaza was named for McDivitt and White in 1965 to honor their accomplishments on the Gemini IV spacewalk. (At the time of its dedication, the plaza was near the engineering program's facilities, but the College of Engineering has since been moved. The campus plaza honoring them remains.) Two NASA space flights have been crewed entirely by University of Michigan degree-holders: Gemini IV by James McDivitt and Ed White in 1965 and Apollo 15 by Alfred Worden, David Scott (honorary degree) and James Irwin in 1971. The Apollo 15 astronauts left a 45-word plaque on the moon establishing its own chapter of the University of Michigan Alumni Association.[2]

Belles lettres

See List of University of Michigan arts alumni

Business

See List of University of Michigan business alumni

Churchill Scholarship or Marshall Scholarship

Churchill Scholarships are annual scholarships offered to graduates of participating universities in the United States and Australia, to pursue studies in engineering, mathematics, or other sciences for one year at Churchill College in the University of Cambridge.

  • 2011–2012: David Montague, Pure Mathematics
  • 2009–2010: Eszter Zavodszky, Medical Genetics
  • 2007–2008: Lyric Chen, BA in Political Science and Economics from the University of Michigan, Marshall Scholar 2007
  • 2006–2007: Charles Crissman, Pure Mathematics
  • 2005–2006: Christopher Hayward, Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics
  • 2005–2006: Jacob Bourjaily, graduated with honors, degree in Mathematics, Physics Marshall Scholar 2005
  • 1996–1997: Amy S. Faranski, Engineering
  • 1993–1994: Ariel K. Smits Neis, Clinical Biochemistry
  • 1990–1991: David J. Schwartz, Chemistry
  • 1989–1990: Eric J. Hooper, Physics
  • 1987–1988: Michael K. Rosen, Chemistry
  • 1985–1986: Laird Bloom, Molecular Biology
  • 1984–1985: Julia M. Carter, Chemistry
  • 1979–1980: David W. Mead, Engineering, Chemical

Computers, engineering, and technology
  • Benjamin Franklin Bailey, studied electrical engineering; chief engineer of the Fairbanks Morse Electrical Manufacturing Company and Howell Electrical Motor Company; director of Bailey Electrical Company; vice-president and director of the Fremont Motor Corporation; became professor of electrical engineering at UM in 1913
  • Arden L. Bement Jr. (Ph.D. 1963), Director of the National Science Foundation (NSF); awarded the ANSI's Chairman's award in 2005
  • James Blinn (BS Physics and Communications Science 1970, MS Information and Control Engineering, 1972), 3D computer imaging pioneer; 1991 MacArthur Fellowship for his work in educational animation
  • Katie Bouman (BS Electrical Engineering 2011), developer of the algorithm used in filtering the first images of a black hole taken by the Event Horizon Telescope
  • Lee Boysel (BSE EE 1962, MSE EE 1963), did pioneering work on Metal-oxide semiconductor transistors and systems during his years at IBM, Fairchild Semiconductor and McDonnell (now McDonnell-Douglas) Aerospace Corporation; founded Four-Phase Systems Inc., which produced the first LSI semiconductor memory system and the first LSI CPU; president, CEO and chairman of Four-Phase, which was purchased by Motorola in 1981
  • John Seely Brown (Ph.D. 1970), former Chief Scientist of Xerox, co-author of The Social Life of Information
  • Jim Buckmaster (MED: MDNG), President and CEO of Craigslist since November 2000; formerly its CTO and lead programmer
  • Alice Burks (M.A. 1957), author of children's books and books about the history of electronic computers
  • Arthur W. Burks (Ph.D. 1941), member of the team that designed the Eniac computer as well as the IAS machine;frequent collaborator of John von Neumann; pioneer in computing education
  • Robert Cailliau (COE: MSc Computer, Information and Control Engineering 1971), co-developer of the World Wide Web; in 1974 he joined CERN as a Fellow in the Proton Synchrotron division, working on the control system of the accelerator; in 1987 became group leader of Office Computing Systems in the Data Handling division; in 1989, with Tim Berners-Lee, independently proposed a hypertext system for access to the CERN documentation, which led to a common proposal in 1990 and then to the World Wide Web; won the 1995 ACM Software System Award with Berners-Lee
  • Dick Costolo (LS&A: BA), former COO and former CEO of Twitter; founder of Feedburner, the RSS reader bought by Google in 2007
  • Edward S. Davidson, professor emeritus in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Michigan; IEEE award winner
  • Paul Debevec (ENG: BA CSE), researcher in computer graphics at the University of Southern California's Institute for Creative Technologies; known for his pioneering work in high dynamic range imaging and image-based modelling and rendering; honored by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in 2010 with a Scientific and Engineering Academy Award
  • Tony Fadell (COE: BSE CompE 1991), "father" of the Apple iPod; created all five generations of the iPod and the Apple iSight camera
  • James D. Foley (Ph.D. 1969), professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology; co-author of several widely used textbooks in the field of computer graphics, of which over 300,000 copies are in print; ACM Fellow; IEEE Fellow; recipient of 1997 Steven A. Coons Award
  • Stephanie Forrest (Ph.D.), Professor of Computer Science at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque; recipient of ACM - AAAI Allen Newell Award 2011
  • Lee Giles (M.S.), co-creator of CiteSeer; David Reese Professor of Information Sciences and Technology, Pennsylvania State University; ACM Fellow; IEEE Fellow
  • John Henry Holland, first UM Computer Science PhD; originator of genetic algorithms
  • Larry Paul Kelley, founder of Shelby Gem Factory
  • Thomas Knoll (COE: BS EP 1982, MSE CI CE 1984), co-creator of Adobe Photoshop
  • Robert A. Kotick (MDNG), also known as Bobby Kotick; CEO, president, and a director of Activision Blizzard
  • John R. Koza (Ph.D. 1972), computer scientist; consulting professor at Stanford University; known for his work in pioneering the use of genetic programming for the optimization of complex problems
  • David Kuck (BS), professor at the Computer Science Department at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1965–1993; IEEE award winner
  • Chris Langton (Ph.D.), computer science; "father of artificial life"; founder of the Swarm Corporation; distinguished expellee of the Santa Fe Institute
  • Eugene McAllaster (BS 1889), distinguished Seattle naval architect and marine engineer with his own firm, McAllaster & Bennett; designer of Seattle's historic fireboat Duwamish (1909); consulting engineer on Seattle's massive Denny Hill and Jackson Street regrades
  • Sid Meier, considered by some to be the "father of computer gaming"; created computer games Civilization, Pirates!, Railroad Tycoon, SimGolf
  • Kevin O'Connor (BS EE 1983), founder of DoubleClick, initially sold for $1.2 billion, and later acquired by Google for $3.1 billion
  • Kunle Olukotun (Ph.D.), pioneer of multi-core processors; professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Stanford University; director of the Pervasive Parallelism Laboratory at Stanford; IEEE award winner
  • Larry Page (COE: BSE 1995), co-founder of Google; named a World Economic Forum Global Leader for Tomorrow (2002); member of the National Advisory Committee of the University of Michigan College of Engineering; with co-founder Sergey Brin, winner of 2004 Marconi Prize in 2004; trustee on the board of the X PRIZE; elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2004
  • Eugene B. Power (BUS: BA 1927, MBA 1930); founder of University Microfilms Inc. (now ProQuest); K.B.E., hon.; president of the Power Foundation; honorary fellow of Magdalene College
  • Niels Provos (Ph.D.), researcher, secure systems and cryptography
  • Avi Rubin (Ph.D.), a leading authority on computer security; led the research team that successfully cracked the security code of Texas Instruments' RFID chip; holds eight patents for computer security-related inventions
  • Claude E. Shannon (COE: BS EE 1936, BA Math 1936), considered by some the "father of digital circuit design theory" and "father of information theory"; a paper drawn from his 1937 master's thesis, "A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits", was published in the 1938 issue of the Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers; this won the 1940 Alfred Noble American Institute of American Engineers Award
  • Joseph Francis Shea (BS 1946, MS 1950, Ph.D. 1955), manager of the Apollo Spacecraft Program office during Project Apollo
  • Michael Stonebraker (MA 1967, Ph.D. 1971), computer scientist specializing in database research; founder of Ingres, Illustra, Cohera and StreamBase Systems; former CTO of Informix; received IEEE John von Neumann Medal in 2005
  • Irma M. Wyman (COE: BS 1949), systems thinking tutor; first female CIO of Honeywell
  • Niklas Zennström, founder of Skype; has a dual degree in business and computer science from Uppsala University; spent his final year in the US at the University of Michigan

Turing and Grace Murray Hopper Award winners

Criminals, murderers, and infamous newsmakers
  • François Duvalier (Public Health, 1944–45), repressive dictator, excommunication from the Catholic Church; estimates of those killed by his regime are as high as 30,000
  • Theodore Kaczynski (Ph.D. 1967), better known as the Unabomber, one of UM's most promising mathematicians; earned his Ph.D. by solving, in less than a year, a math problem that his advisor had been unable to solve; abandoned his career to engage in a mail bombing campaign
  • Jack Kevorkian (MED: MD Pathology 1952), guilty of second-degree homicide after committing euthanasia by administering a lethal injection to Thomas Youk; spent eight years in prison
  • Nathan F. Leopold, Jr., thrill killer of Leopold and Loeb, transferred from Michigan in 1922 to the University of Chicago, before murdering 14-year-old Robert "Bobby" Franks
  • Richard A. Loeb (BA 1923), thrill killer of Leopold and Loeb, youngest graduate in the University of Michigan's history, murdered 14-year-old Robert "Bobby" Franks
  • Larry Nassar (1985), USA national team doctor who sexually assaulted approximately 250 people
  • Herman Webster Mudgett, a.k.a. H.H. Holmes (MED: MD 1884), 19th-century serial killer; one of the first documented American serial killers; confessed to 27 murders, of which nine were confirmed; actual body count could be as high as 250; took an unknown number of his victims from the 1893 Chicago World's Fair; his story was novelized by Erik Larson in his 2003 book The Devil in the White City[3]

Educators

University presidents

Fiction, nonfiction

See List of University of Michigan arts alumni.

Fictional Wolverines

Finance

Foodies

Journalism, publishing, and broadcasting
  • Roz Abrams MA, news co-anchor for CBS; reporter and anchor for almost 30 years, including 18 years with WABC in New York
  • Sam Apple, publisher and editor-in-chief of The Faster Times
  • Dean Baker (Ph.D., Economics), blogger for The American Prospect
  • Ray Stannard Baker (MDNG LAW: 1891), biographer of Woodrow Wilson
  • Margaret Bourke-White (MDNG: 1922–1924), photographer and journalist
  • Jon Chait (BA 1994), Senior Editor for The New Republic
  • Jeff Cohen, founder of Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting; left the group to produce Donahue on MSNBC
  • Sarah Costello, Co-Host/Editor of the asexual and aromantic podcast Sounds Fake But Okay.[15]
  • Ann Coulter (LAW: JD 1988), conservative author and attorney
  • Rich Eisen (BA 1990), host of sportstalk TV/radio show, The Rich Eisen Show, and journalist for NFL Network and CBS Sports; former ESPN anchor
  • Larry Elder (LAW: JD 1977), talk radio show host, author, and TV show host
  • Win Elliot, sports announcer and journalist
  • John Fahey (BUS: MBA 1975), President and CEO of the National Geographic Society; former chairman, president and CEO of Time Life, Inc.; one of Advertising Age's top 100 marketers
  • Bill Flemming (BA), television sports journalist
  • Martin Ford (BSE 1985), author of Rise of the Robots: Technology and the Threat of a Jobless Future, winner of the 2015 Financial Times and McKinsey Business Book of the Year Award
  • James Russell Gaines (1973), former managing editor of Time Magazine
  • Arnold Gingrich (1925), founder and publisher of Esquire
  • Todd Gitlin (MA 1966, Political Science), professor of journalism; social critic
  • Wendell Goler, Fox News White House correspondent
  • George Zhibin Gu, journalist and consultant
  • Sanjay Gupta (MD: 1993), CNN anchor, reporter and senior medical correspondent; Emmy winner
  • Raelynn Hillhouse (HHRS: MA, Ph.D. 1993), national security expert and blogger (The Spy Who Billed Me); novelist; political scientist
  • Dana Jacobson (BA 1993), ESPN anchorwoman
  • Alireza Jafarzadeh, senior Foreign Affairs Analyst for Fox News Television and other major TV networks; author of The Iran Threat: President Ahmadinejad and the Coming Nuclear Crisis
  • Leon Jaroff (COE: BSE EE, BS EM 1950), a mainstay for the Time Inc. family of publications since he joined as an editorial trainee for LIFE magazine in 1951; moved to Time in 1954, and became its chief science writer in 1966; named a senior editor in 1970, a post he kept until he semi-retired in 2000
  • Paul Kangas, stockbroker for twelve years; host of Nightly Business Report since it was a local Florida program in 1979
  • Kayla Kaszyca, Co-Host/Marketing Manager of the asexual and aromantic podcast Sounds Fake But Okay.[15]
  • Ken Kelley, founder of the Ann Arbor Argus and Sundance, and Playboy interviewer
  • William F. Kerby (AB 1920s), chairman of Dow Jones and Company
  • Laurence Kirshbaum (AB 1966), founder of LJK Literary Management; chairman of Time Warner Book Group
  • Melvin J. Lasky (MA History), combat historian in France and Germany during WWII;assistant to the U.S. Military Governor of Berlin in early postwar years; founder and editor of the anti-Communist journal Encounter, which was in 1966 shown to be secretly financed by the CIA
  • Daniel Levin, writer
  • Ann Marie Lipinski, former editor of the Chicago Tribune; 1987 Pulitzer Prize winner
  • Richard Lui (MBA), journalist; MSNBC news anchor; former news anchor for five years at CNN Worldwide
  • Wednesday Martin, journalist, memoirist, anthropologist
  • Robert McHenry, encyclopedist and author; editor-in-chief (emeritus) of the Encyclopædia Britannica
  • Ari Melber (AB 2002), MSNBC news anchor; NBC News legal analyst
  • John J. Miller, National Political Reporter for the National Review
  • Paul Scott Mowrer, journalist and Pulitzer Prize winner
  • Davi Napoleon (AB 1966; AM 1968), writes a monthly feature for Live Design; former columnist for TheaterWeek and InTheater
  • Daniel Okrent (BA 1969), public editor of New York Times; editor-at-large of Time Inc.; Pulitzer Prize finalist in history (Great Fortune, 2004); founding father of Rotisserie League Baseball
  • Marvin Olasky (Ph.D. 1976), conservative pundit
  • Susan Orlean (AB), staff writer for The New Yorker
  • Norman Ornstein, American Enterprise Institute Senior Fellow
  • Phil Ponce (LAW: JD 1974), Chicago television journalist, host of Chicago Tonight on WTTW
  • David Portnoy (1999, Education), founder of Barstool Sports
  • William E. Quinby (AB 1858, MA 1861), owner of the Detroit Free Press and United States Ambassador to the Netherlands
  • Evan Rosen (BA), journalist, strategist, author of The Culture of Collaboration
  • Adam Schefter, former Denver Post and Denver Broncos correspondent for 15 years; ESPN and NFL Network contributor
  • John Schubeck, television reporter and anchor, one of the few to anchor newscasts on all three network owned-and-operated stations in one major market
  • Samuel Spencer Scott, president of Harcourt, Brace & Company from 1948 until his retirement in 1954
  • David Shuster, television journalist with Current TV; talk radio host; former anchor for MSNBC; has also worked for Fox News and CNN
  • Rob Siegel (1993), editor-in-chief of The Onion; screenplay writer for The Wrestler
  • Carole Simpson (BA 1962), former ABC News correspondent; Emerson College professor
  • Bert Randolph Sugar (LAW: JD 1961); former editor at The Ring, Boxing Illustrated, and Fight Game magazines; wrote more than 80 books on boxing, baseball, horse racing, and sports trivia
  • Amy Sullivan, contributing editor for Time magazine, covers religion and politics; also writes for the magazine's political blog, Swampland
  • Jerald F. ter Horst (also known as Jerald Franklin ter Horst) (BA 1947), Gerald Ford's short-term press secretary
  • Peter Turnley, photojournalist known for documenting the human condition and current events
  • John Voelker (LAW: 1928), author of Anatomy of a Murder
  • Mike Wallace (A.B. 1939), TV journalist, longtime host of 60 Minutes; winner of 20 Emmys and three Peabodys
  • David Weir, editor and journalist, Editor in Chief at Keep Media as of 2007
  • Margaret Wente (BA), writer for The Globe and Mail, 2006 winner of the National Newspaper Award for column-writing; has edited leading business magazines Canadian Business and ROB
  • David Westin (BA, with honors and distinction; LAW: JD summa cum laude 1977), president of ABC News
  • Roger Wilkins (AB 1953, LAW: LLB 1956, HLHD 1993), journalist of the Washington Post; shared the Pulitzer Prize for his Watergate editorials
  • Tracy Wolfson, reporter for CBS Sports
  • Bob Woodruff (LAW: JD), ABC Nightly News anchor, replaced Peter Jennings
  • Robin Wright, author, Washington Post
  • Eric Zorn, columnist and blogger for the Chicago Tribune
  • Daniel Zwerdling, investigative radio journalist for NPR News
  • Svida Alisjahbana (BA 1988), CEO of Femina Indonesia, Indonesia's leading women's magazine

Law, government, and public policy
Main article: List of University of Michigan law and government alumni

MacArthur Foundation award winners

As of 2019, 28 Michigan alumni — 17 undergraduate students and 11 graduate students — have been awarded a MacArthur fellowship.

  • James Blinn (BS Physics 1970; MSE 1972; Communications Science 1970; MS Information and Control Engineering 1972)
  • Caroline Walker Bynum (BA 1962), Medieval scholar; MacArthur Fellow
  • Eric Charnov (BS 1969), evolutionary ecologist
  • William A. Christian (Ph.D. 1971), religious studies scholar
  • Shannon Lee Dawdy (M.A. 2000, Ph.D. 2003), 2010 fellowship winner; assistant professor of anthropology at the University of Chicago
  • Philip DeVries (B.S. 1975), biologist
  • William H. Durham (Ph.D. 1973), anthropologist
  • Andrea Dutton (MA, Ph.D.) is an Associate Professor of Geology at the University of Florida
  • Aaron Dworkin (BA 1997, M.A. 1998), Fellow, founder, and president of Detroit-based Sphinx Organization, which strives to increase the number of African-Americans and Latinos having careers in classical music
  • Steven Goodman (BS 1984), adjunct research investigator in the U-M Museum of Zoology's bird division; conservation biologist in the Department of Zoology at Chicago's Field Museum of Natural History
  • David Green (B.A. 1978; MPH 1982), Executive Director of Project Impact
  • Ann Ellis Hanson (BA 1957; MA 1963), visiting associate professor of Greek and Latin
  • John Henry Holland (MA 1954; Ph.D. 1959), professor of electrical engineering and computer science, College of Engineering; professor of psychology, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts
  • Vonnie McLoyd (MA 1973, Ph.D. (1975), developmental psychologist
  • Denny Moore (BA), linguist, anthropologist
  • Nancy A. Moran (Ph.D. 1982), evolutionary biologist; Yale professor; co-founder of the Yale Microbial Diversity Institute
  • Dominique Morisseau (BFA 2000) is an American playwright and actor from Detroit, Michigan
  • Cecilia Muñoz (BA 2000), Senior Vice President for the Office of Research, Advocacy and Legislation at the National Council of La Raza (NCLR), White House Director of Intergovernmental Affairs
  • Dimitri Nakassis (BA 1997), a 2015 MacArthur Fellow; joined the faculty of the University of Toronto in 2008; currently an associate professor in the Department of Classics
  • Richard Prum (Ph.D. 1989), William Robertson Coe Professor of Ornithology; Head Curator of Vertebrate Zoology at the Peabody Museum of Natural History at Yale University
  • Mary Tinetti (BA 1973; MD 1978), physician; Gladys Phillips Crofoot Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health at Yale University; Director of the Yale Program on Aging
  • Amos Tversky (Ph.D.. 1965), psychologist
  • Karen K. Uhlenbeck (BA 1964), mathematician
  • Jesmyn Ward (MFA 2005), writer of fiction
  • Julia Wolfe (BA 1980), classical composer
  • Henry Tutwiler Wright (BA 1964), Albert Clanton Spaulding Distinguished University Professor of Anthropology in the Department of Anthropology; Curator of Near Eastern Archaeology in the Museum of Anthropology at the University of Michigan; 1993 MacArthur Fellows Program
  • Tara Zahra (MA 2002; Ph.D. 2005); fellow with the Harvard Society of Fellows (2005–2007) prior to joining the faculty of the University of Chicago; 2014 MacArthur Fellow
  • George Zweig (BA 1959), physicist who conceptualized quarks ("aces" in his nomenclature)

Mathematics
  • Ralph H. Abraham, mathematician
  • Kenneth Ira Appel (Ph.D.), mathematician; in 1976, with colleague Wolfgang Haken at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, solved one of the most famous problems in mathematics, the four-color theorem
  • Edward G. Begle (MA 1936), mathematician known for his role as the director of the School Mathematics Study Group, the primary group credited for developing what came to be known as New Math
  • Marjorie Lee Brown (Ph.D. 1949/1950), arguably the first African-American woman to earn a doctorate in mathematics
  • Harry C. Carver (BS 1915), mathematician and academic; a major influence in the development of mathematical statistics as an academic discipline
  • Brian Conrey (Ph.D. 1980), mathematician; executive director of the American Institute of Mathematics
  • George Dantzig (MA Math 1937), father of linear programming; studied at UM under T.H. Hildebrandt, R.L. Wilder, and G.Y. Rainer
  • Carl de Boor (Ph.D. Mathematics 1966), known for pioneering work on splines, National Medal of Science 2003; John von Neumann Prize from the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics in 1996
  • Dorothy Elizabeth Denning, information security researcher; author of four books and 140 articles; at Georgetown University, she was the Patricia and Patrick Callahan Family Professor of computer science and director of the Georgetown Institute of Information Assurance; professor in the Department of Defense Analysis at the Naval Postgraduate School
  • Sister Mary Celine Fasenmyer (Ph.D. 1946), mathematician noted for her work on hypergeometric functions and linear algebra; published two papers which expanded on her doctorate work and would be further elaborated by Doron Zeilberger and Herbert Wilf into "WZ theory", which allowed computerized proof of many combinatorial identities
  • Wade Ellis (Ph.D. 1948), mathematician and educator, Associate Dean of the Rockingham School of Graduate Mathematics, Dean Emeritus and Professor Emeritus
  • Walter Feit (Ph.D. 1955), winner of the 7th Cole Prize in 1965; known for proving the Feit–Thompson theorem
  • David Gale (MA 1947), mathematician and economist
  • Frederick Gehring (AB 1946), T. H. Hildebrandt Distinguished University Professor Emeritus of Mathematics; recipient of the 2006 AMS Leroy P. Steele Prize for Lifetime Achievement; taught at Michigan from 1955 until his retirement in 1996; invited three times to address the International Congress of Mathematicians; in 1989 elected to the National Academy of Sciences; in 1997, the Frederick and Lois Gehring Chair in Mathematics was endowed
  • Seymour Ginsburg (Ph.D. 1952), pioneer of automata theory, formal language theory, database theory, and computer science; his work was influential in distinguishing theoretical computer science from the disciplines of mathematics and electrical engineering
  • Thomas N.E. Greville (Ph.D. 1933), mathematician; specialized in statistical analysis as it concerned the experimental investigation of psi
  • Earle Raymond Hedrick (A.B. 1896), mathematician; vice-president of the University of California
  • Theophil Henry Hildebrandt, UM instructor of mathematics starting in 1909, where he spent most of his career; chairman of the department from 1934 until his retirement in 1957; received the second Chauvenet Prize of the Mathematical Association of America in 1929
  • Meyer Jerison (Ph.D. 1950), mathematician known for his work in functional analysis and rings, especially for collaborating with Leonard Gillman on one of the standard texts in the field, Rings of Continuous Functions
  • D.J. Lewis (Ph.D. 1950), mathematician specializing in number theory; chaired the Department of Mathematics at the University of Michigan (1984–1994); director of the Division of Mathematical Sciences at the National Science Foundation
  • James Raymond Munkres, Professor Emeritus of mathematics at MIT, author of classic textbook Topology
  • Ralph S. Phillips (Ph.D.), mathematician; academic; known for his contributions to functional analysis, scattering theory, and servomechanisms
  • Leonard Jimmie Savage (BS 1938, Ph.D. 1941), author of The Foundations of Statistics (1954); rediscovered Bachelier and introduced his theories to Paul Samuelson, who corrected Bachelier and used his thesis on randomness to advance derivative pricing theory
  • Joel Shapiro (Ph.D.), mathematician; leading expert in the field of composition operators
  • Isadore M. Singer (BA 1944), winner of the Abel Prize, the "Nobel of mathematics", and the Bôcher Memorial Prize
  • Stephen Smale (BS 1952, MS 1953, Ph.D. 1957), Fields Medal winner; winner of the 2007 Wolf Prize in mathematics; 1965 Veblen Prize for Geometry, awarded every five years by the American Mathematical Society; 1988 Chauvenet Prize from the Mathematical Association of America; 1989 Von Neumann Award from the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
  • George W. Snedecor (MA 1913), mathematician and statistician
  • Edwin Henry Spanier (Ph.D. 1947), mathematician at the University of California at Berkeley, working in algebraic topology
  • Frank Spitzer (BA, Ph.D.), mathematician who made fundamental contributions to probability theory, including the theory of random walks, fluctuation theory, percolation theory, and especially the theory of interacting particle systems; his first academic appointments were at the California Institute of Technology (1953–1958); most of his academic career was spent at Cornell University, with leaves at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton and the Mittag-Leffler Institute in Sweden
  • Norman Steenrod (A.B. 1932), algebraic topologist, author of The Topology of Fiber Bundles; believed to have coined the phrase "abstract nonsense," used in category theory
  • Clarence F. Stephens (Ph.D.), ninth African American to receive a Ph.D. in mathematics; credited with inspiring students and faculty at SUNY Potsdam to form the most successful United States undergraduate mathematics degree programs in the past century
  • Robert Simpson Woodward (A.B. 1872); professor of mechanics, mathematical physics at Columbia (1899–1904); President of the American Mathematical Society (1899–1900); in 1904 became President of the newly formed Carnegie Institution
  • Ted Kaczynski (PH.D.), Youngest Professor at the University of California, Berkeley later arrested for domestic terrorism also known as the Unabomber.

Manhattan project

A number of Michigan graduates or fellows were involved with the Manhattan Project, chiefly with regard to the physical chemistry of the device.

  • Robert F. Bacher, Ph.D., member of the Manhattan Project; professor of physics at Caltech; president of the Universities Research Association
  • Lawrence Bartell before he had finished his studies he was invited by Glenn Seaborg to interview for a position working on the Manhattan Project. He accepted the job and worked on methods for extracting plutonium from uranium.
  • Lyman James Briggs was an American engineer, physicist and administrator.
  • Donald L. Campbell was an American chemical engineer.
  • Taylor Drysdale earned master's degrees in nuclear physics and mathematics from the University of Michigan, joined the U.S. military, worked on the Manhattan Project, and retired from the U.S. Air Force as a colonel.
  • Arnold B. Grobman Grobman began his post-secondary education at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, earning his bachelor's degree in 1939. From 1944 to 1946, he was a Research Associate on the Manhattan Project, later publishing "Our Atomic Heritage" about his experiences.
  • Herb Grosch received his B.S. and PhD in astronomy from the University of Michigan in 1942. In 1945, he was hired by IBM to do backup calculations for the Manhattan Project working at Watson Scientific Computing Laboratory at Columbia University.
  • Ross Gunn was an American physicist who worked on the Manhattan Project during World War II.
  • Isabella L. Karle, was x-ray crystallographer
  • Jerome Karle was an American physical chemist.
  • James Stark Koehler was an American physicist, specializing in metal defects and their interactions. He is known for the eponymous Peach-Koehler stress formula.
  • Emil John Konopinski (1933, MA 1934, Ph.D. 1936), patented a device that made the first hydrogen bomb with Dr. Edward Teller; member of the Manhattan Project
  • John Henry Manley was an American physicist who worked with J. Robert Oppenheimer at the University of California, Berkeleybefore becoming a group leader during the Manhattan Project.
  • Elliott Organick chemist, Manhattan Project, 1944-1945;
  • Carolyn Parker was a physicist who worked from 1943 to 1947 on the Dayton Project, the plutonium research and development arm of the Manhattan Project.
  • Franklin E. Roach was involved in high explosives physics research connected with the Manhattan Project
  • Nathan Rosen was an American-Israeli physicist noted for his study on the structure of the hydrogen atom and his work with Albert Einstein and Boris Podolsky on entangled wave functions and the EPR paradox.
  • Frank Spedding (1925), chemist; developed an ion exchange procedure for separating rare earth elements, purifying uranium, and separating isotopes; Guggenheim award winner
  • Arthur Widmer was attached on a three-year stint in 1943 as one of the Kodak researchers assigned to the Manhattan Project in Berkeley, California and Oak Ridge, Tennessee, as an analytical chemists developing methods of uranium analysis, which led to the development of the atomic bomb.

Medicine and dentistry
  • John Jacob Abel (PHARM: Ph.D. 1883), North American "father of pharmacology"; discovered epinephrine; first crystallized insulin; founded the department of pharmacology at Michigan; in 1893 established the department of pharmacology at the newly founded Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; first full-time professor of pharmacology in the United States
  • Susan Anderson (1897), one of the first female physicians in Colorado[16]
  • Robert C. Atkins (BA 1951), developed the Atkins Diet
  • John Auer (BS 1898), credited with the discovery of Auer rods
  • William Henry Beierwaltes (BS 1938, MED: MD 1941), champion of the use of radioiodine together with surgery in thyroid diagnosis and care; lead author of first book on nuclear medicine, 1957's Clinical Use of Radioisotopes
  • Elissa P. Benedek (MD 1960), child and adolescent psychiatrist, forensic psychiatrist, adjunct clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of Michigan
  • David Botstein (Ph.D. 1967); leader in the Human Genome Project; director of Princeton's Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics
  • Alexa Canady (AB 1971, MED: MD 1975), became first African-American female neurosurgeon in the country when she was 30; chief of neurosurgery at Children's Hospital of Michigan in Detroit for almost 15 years
  • Benjamin S. Carson (MED: MD 1977), former director of pediatric neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital
  • Arul Chinnaiyan (MED: MD 1999), cancer researcher; recipient of the 28th annual American Association for Cancer Research Award for Outstanding Achievement
  • Thomas Benton Cooley (MED: 1895), pediatrician; hematologist; professor of hygiene and medicine at the University of Michigan; son of Thomas McIntyre Cooley, first Chairman of the Interstate Commerce Commission
  • Ronald M. Davis (AB 1978), 162nd President of the American Medical Association; Director of the Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention at the Henry Ford Health System in Detroit
  • Mary Gage Day (MED: MD 1888), physician, medical writer
  • Paul de Kruif (Ph.D. 1916), author of Microbe Hunters
  • Julio Frenk (SPH: M.P.H. 1981, MA 1982, Ph.D. 1983), Minister of Health for Mexico
  • Seraph Frissell (MED: MD 1875), physician, medical writer
  • Raymond Gist, president of the American Dental Association
  • Sanjay Gupta (MD: 1993), CNN anchor, reporter and senior medical correspondent; former neurosurgeon
  • Lucy M. Hall (MED: MD 1878), first woman ever received at St Thomas' Hospital's bedside clinics
  • Alice Hamilton (MED: MD 1893), specialist in lead poisoning and industrial diseases; known as the "Mother of Industrial Health;" in 1919 became the first woman on the faculty at Harvard Medical School; the first woman to receive tenure there; honored with her picture on the 55-cent postage stamp; winner of the Lasker Award
  • Nancy M. Hill (MED: MD 1874), Civil War nurse and one of the first female doctors in the US[17]
  • Jerome P. Horwitz (Ph.D. 1950), synthesized AZT in 1964, a drug now used to treat AIDS
  • Joel Lamstein (BS 1965), co-founder and president of John Snow, Inc. (JSI) and JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc., international public health research and consulting firms
  • Josiah K. Lilly Jr. (1914 college of pharmacy), Chairman and President of Eli Lilly
  • Howard Markel (MED: MD 1986), physician, medical historian, best-selling author, medical journalist, and member of the National Academy of Medicine, George E. Wantz Distinguished Professor of the History of Medicine at the University of Michigan, Guggenheim Fellow
  • William James Mayo (MED: MD 1883), co-founder of the Mayo Clinic
  • Jessica Rickert, first female American Indian dentist in America, which she became upon graduating from the University of Michigan School of Dentistry in 1975. She was a member of the Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation, and a direct descendant of the Indian chief Wahbememe (Whitepigeon).[18]
  • Ida Rollins, first African-American woman to earn a dental degree in the United States, which she earned from the University of Michigan in 1890[19][20]
  • Leonard Andrew Scheele (BA 1931), US Surgeon General 1948–1956
  • Eric B. Schoomaker (BS 1970, MED: MD 1975), Major General; Commander of the North Atlantic Regional Medical Command and Walter Reed Army Medical Center; former commanding general of the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command at Fort Detrick
  • Thomas L. Schwenk (MED: MD 1975), dean of the University of Nevada School of Medicine
  • John Clark Sheehan (MS 1938, Ph.D. 1941), chemist who pioneered the first synthetic penicillin breakthrough in 1957
  • Norman Shumway (MDNG), heart transplantation pioneer; entered the University of Michigan as a pre-law student, but was drafted into the Army in 1943
  • Parvinder Singh (PHARM: Ph.D. 1967), Chairman of Ranbaxy in 1993 until his death in 1999; the market capitalization of the Company went up from Rs.3.5 to over Rs. 7300 Crores during this period
  • Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali (SPH 1966), one of the first female doctors in Malaysia, and later the wife of Malaysia's fourth Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad
  • Dr. Homer Stryker (MED: MD 1925), founder of Stryker Corporation
  • Dr. William Erastus Upjohn (MED: MD 1875), inventor of the first pill that dissolved easily in the human body
  • Christine Iverson Bennett (MED: MD 1907), medical missionary who worked in Arabia during WWI
  • Larry Nassar (BS 1985), convicted serial child molester[21] and a former USA Gymnastics national team doctor and osteopathic physician at Michigan State University
  • Richard C. Vinci, retired United States Navy admiral and former commander of the United States Navy Dental Corps

Military

Newsmakers
  • Bill Ayers (BA 1968), co-founder of the radical Weathermen
  • Benjamin Bolger (BA 1994), holds what is said to be the largest number of graduate degrees held by a living person
  • Mamah Borthwick (BA 1892), mistress of architect Frank Lloyd Wright who was murdered at his studio, Taliesin
  • Napoleon Chagnon (Ph.D.), anthropologist, professor of anthropology
  • Rima Fakih (BA), 2010 Miss USA
  • Geoffrey Fieger (BA, MA), attorney based in Southfield, Michigan
  • Robert Groves (Ph.D. 1975), 2009 Presidential nominee to head the national census; nomination stalled by Republican opposition to use of "sampling" methodology, which Groves had already stated would not be used
  • Janet Guthrie (COE: BSc Physics 1960), inducted into the International Motorsports Hall of Fame in 2006; first woman to race in the Indianapolis 500; still is the only woman to ever lead a Nextel Cup race; top rookie in five different races in 1977 including the Daytona 500 and at Talladega; author of autobiography Janet Guthrie: A Life at Full Throttle
  • Alireza Jafarzadeh, whistle-blower of Iran's alleged nuclear weapons program when he exposed in August 2002 the nuclear sites in Natanz and Arak, and triggered the inspection of the Iranian nuclear sites by the UN for the first time; author of The Iran Threat: President Ahmadinejad and the Coming Nuclear Crisis
  • Carol Jantsch (BFA 2006), the sole female tuba player on staff with a major U.S. orchestra, believed to be the first in history; at 21, the youngest member of the Philadelphia Orchestra
  • Morris Ketchum Jessup (MS Astronomy), author of ufological writings; played role in "uncovering" the so-called "Philadelphia Experiment"
  • Adolph Mongo (BGS 1976), political consultant
  • Jerry Newport (BA Mathematics), author with Asperger syndrome whose life was the basis for the 2005 feature-length movie Mozart and the Whale; named "Most Versatile Calculator" in the 2010 World Calculation Cup
  • Jane Scott, rock critic for The Plain Dealer in Cleveland, Ohio; covered every major local rock concert; until her retirement in 2002 she was known as "The World’s Oldest Rock Critic;" influential in bringing the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame to Cleveland[22]
  • Michael Sekora (BS 1977), founder and director of Project Socrates, the intelligence community's classified program that was tasked with determining the cause of America's economic decline[23][24]
  • Robert Shiller (BA 1967), economist; author of Irrational Exuberance
  • Jerome Singleton (COE: IEOR), Paralympic athlete, competing mainly in category T44 (single below knee amputation) sprint events
  • Jerald F. ter Horst (BA 1947), briefly President Ford's press secretary

Not-for-profit
  • Larry Brilliant (SPH: MPH 1977, Economic Development and Health Planning), head of Google Foundation (holds assets of $1Bn); co-founder of the Well; in 1979 he founded the Seva Foundation, which has given away more than $100 million; CEO of SoftNet Systems Inc., a global broadband Internet services company in San Francisco that at its peak had more than 500 employees and $600 million capitalization
  • Mark Malloch Brown (MA), Chef de Cabinet, no.2 rank in the United Nations system; Deputy Secretary-General
  • John Melville Burgess (BA 1930, MA 1931, Hon DHum 1963), diocesan bishop of Massachusetts and the first African American to head an Episcopal diocese[25]
  • Stephen Goldsmith (LAW: JD), Marion County district attorney for 12 years; two-term mayor of Indianapolis (1992–1999); appointed senior fellow at the Milken Institute (economic think tank) in 2006; his work in Indianapolis has been cited as a national model
  • Lisa Hamilton (LAW: JD), named in 2007 president of the UPS Foundation; previously its program director
  • Bill Ivey (BA 1966), chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts 1998–2001, credited with restoring the agency's credibility with Congress; appointed by President Clinton
  • Bob King (BA 1968), President of the UAW
  • Michael D. Knox (MSW 1971, MA 1973, PhD psychology 1974), Chair and CEO of the US Peace Memorial Foundation and Distinguished Professor, University of South Florida[26]
  • Rajiv Shah (AB), former director of agricultural development for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, nominated in 2009 as chief scientist at the United States Department of Agriculture and undersecretary of agriculture for research, education and economics; Administrator for the United States Agency for International Development
  • Jack Vaughn, United States Peace Corps Director
  • John George Vlazny (MA 1967), Roman Catholic prelate; Metropolitan Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Portland
  • Mark Weisbrot (Ph.D., economics), economist and co-director of the Center for Economic and Policy Research in Washington, D.C.; co-author, with Dean Baker, of Social Security: The Phony Crisis

Pulitzer Prize winners

As of 2018, 36 of Michigan's matriculants have been awarded a Pulitzer Prize. By alumni count, Michigan ranks fifth (as of 2018) among all schools whose alumni have won Pulitzers.

Pulitzer Prize, U.S. award for achievements in newspaper and online journalism, literature and musical composition

Rhodes Scholars
Rhodes House in Oxford, designed by Sir Herbert Baker

Science

National Medal of Science Laureates/National Medal of Technology and Innovation

Sports

See List of University of Michigan sporting alumni

References
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  2. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-08-23. Retrieved 2012-10-08.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. Erik Larson. "The Devil In The White City".
  4. Bench & Bar of Michigan: Nineteen Hundred Eighteen. 1918. Retrieved May 21, 2011.
  5. "Paul Dressel and Family Collection". Michigan State University Archives and Historical Collections. Michigan State University. Retrieved May 29, 2018.
  6. "Alabama State University Faculty Roster Form: Qualifications of Full-Time and Part-Time Faculty" (PDF). Alabama State University. February 22, 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 26, 2011. Retrieved June 19, 2011.
  7. https://sph.tulane.edu/leadership
  8. Hevesi, Dennis. "Clara Claiborne Park, 86, Dies; Wrote About Autistic Child", The New York Times, July 12, 2010. Accessed July 13, 2010.
  9. "Cindy Hill". wyyr.org. Archived from the original on February 3, 2014. Retrieved July 21, 2013.
  10. deGregory, Crystal A. "JAMES RAYMOND LAWSON (1915-1996)" (PDF). Profiles of African Americans in Tennessee. Tennessee State University. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
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  13. "William Craig Rice named 12th President of Shimer College". Shimer College. 2004-03-29. Archived from the original on 2004-04-07.
  14. https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2706&dat=19950127&id=DU85AAAAIBAJ&sjid=ayUMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1373,19452608&hl=en
  15. "About - Sounds Fake But Okay Podcast". Sounds Fake But Okay. Retrieved June 17, 2020.
  16. "Susan "Doc Susie" Anderson". Colorado Women's Hall of Fame. Retrieved June 1, 2014.
  17. Voight, Sandye (September 22, 2005). "Character reference; Costumed performers bring history forward at Linwood walk". Telegraph Herald.
  18. "Jessica Rickert - Michigan Women Forward". Miwf.org. Retrieved 2019-12-09.
  19. "June 2002 CDA Journal - Feature Article, Copyright 2002 Journal of the California Dental Association". Cda.org. Archived from the original on 2011-09-28. Retrieved 2012-08-04.
  20. "Black History Fact of the Week: Ida Gray Nelson Rollins | Our Weekly - African American News | Black News | Black Entertainment | Black America". Our Weekly. Archived from the original on 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2012-08-04.
  21. "MSU doctor's alleged victims talked for 20 years. Was anyone listening?". MLive.com. Retrieved 2019-02-24.
  22. Schwensen, D: "The Beatles in Cleveland", page 53. North Shore Publishing, 2007.
  23. Sanders, Joshua (September 14, 2010). "Spurring America's Economic Renaissance". Economy in Crisis. Archived from the original on January 26, 2011. Retrieved January 31, 2011.
  24. Wicker, Tom (May 24, 1990). "IN THE NATION; The High-Tech Future". The New York Times. Retrieved January 31, 2011.
  25. "History of the Diocese". Episcopal Diocese of Massachusetts. Retrieved February 12, 2013.
  26. "Knox, Michael D., PhD". University of South Florida. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
  27. "G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience (CNSR) - UCLA - Division of Digestive Diseases - Los Angeles, CA".
  28. http://www.onlinepsychologydegree.info/30-most-influential-neuroscientists-alive-today/
  29. "Herman 'Duff' Holbrook: Benefactor of S.C. wildlife". The Post and Courier. 2015-07-23. Retrieved 2015-08-12.
  30. "Michigan Women's Hall of Fame: Shirley E. Schwartz" (PDF). Michigan Women's Hall of Fame. Retrieved 2017-03-15.
  31. "Biography of Zhu Guangya". China Vitae. Retrieved December 27, 2010.
  32. "Congressional Record". congress.gov. Retrieved 2016-11-26.
  33. "Reaching Beyond What You Know" (PDF).

NOTE: The University of Michigan Alumni Directory is no longer printed, as of 2004. To find more recent information on an alumnus, you must log into the Alumni Association website to search their online directory.

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