K_ir6.2

K_ir6.2 is a major subunit of the ATP-sensitive K⁺ channel, a lipid-gated inward-rectifier potassium ion channel.[5] The gene encoding the channel is called KCNJ11 and mutations in this gene are associated with congenital hyperinsulinism.[6]

KCNJ11
Identifiers
Aliases	KCNJ11, BIR, HHF2, IKATP, KIR6.2, MODY13, PHHI, TNDM3, potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J member 11, potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 11, PNDM2
External IDs	OMIM: 600937 MGI: 107501 HomoloGene: 441 GeneCards: KCNJ11
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 11 (human)[1] Band 11p15.1 Start 17,385,859 bp[1] End 17,389,331 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 7 (mouse)[2] Band 7 B3|7 29.66 cM Start 46,093,953 bp[2] End 46,100,764 bp[2]
Gene ontology Molecular function • ion channel binding • potassium ion binding • voltage-gated ion channel activity • ankyrin binding • voltage-gated potassium channel activity • ATP-activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity • inward rectifier potassium channel activity • ATP binding • GO:0001948 protein binding • protein C-terminus binding • heat shock protein binding Cellular component • integral component of membrane • cytosol • endosome • nuclear envelope • membrane • intracellular membrane-bounded organelle • intercalated disc • cell body fiber • T-tubule • myelin • cell membrane • integral component of plasma membrane • neuronal cell body • endoplasmic reticulum • mitochondrion • axolemma • ATP-sensitive potassium channel complex • sarcolemma • Acrosome Biological process • positive regulation of cation channel activity • response to ATP • response to estradiol • negative regulation of insulin secretion • regulation of insulin secretion • response to testosterone • regulation of membrane potential • cellular response to tumor necrosis factor • regulation of ion transmembrane transport • nervous system process • cellular response to nicotine • ion transport • potassium ion transport • response to ischemia • potassium ion transmembrane transport • glucose metabolic process • response to drug • cellular response to glucose stimulus • positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane • potassium ion import across plasma membrane • transmembrane transport • regulation of cardiac conduction Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	3767	16514
Ensembl	ENSG00000187486	ENSMUSG00000096146
UniProt	Q14654	Q61743
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_000525 NM_001166290 NM_001377296 NM_001377297	NM_001204411 NM_010602
RefSeq (protein)	NP_000516 NP_001159762 NP_001364225 NP_001364226	NP_001191340 NP_034732
Location (UCSC)	Chr 11: 17.39 – 17.39 Mb	Chr 7: 46.09 – 46.1 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Structure

It is an integral membrane protein. The protein, which has a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into a cell rather than out of a cell, is controlled by G-proteins and is found associated with the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) to constitute the ATP-sensitive K⁺ channel.

Pathology

Mutations in this gene are a cause of familial persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI), an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by unregulated insulin secretion. Defects in this gene may also contribute to autosomal dominant non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus type II (NIDDM).[5][7]

See also

• Inward-rectifier potassium ion channel
• Potassium channel

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000187486 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000096146 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. "Entrez Gene: KCNJ11 potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 11".
6. Smith AJ, Taneja TK, Mankouri J, Sivaprasadarao A (2007). "Molecular cell biology of KATP channels: implications for neonatal diabetes". Expert Rev Mol Med. 9 (21): 1–17. doi:10.1017/S1462399407000403. PMID 17666135.
7. Koo BK, Cho YM, Park BL, Cheong HS, Shin HD, Jang HC, Kim SY, Lee HK, Park KS (2007). "Polymorphisms of KCNJ11 (Kir6.2 gene) are associated with Type 2 diabetes and hypertension in the Korean population". Diabet. Med. 24 (2): 178–86. doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.02050.x. PMID 17257281.

Further reading

• Aguilar-Bryan L, Bryan J (1999). "Molecular biology of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels". Endocr. Rev. 20 (2): 101–35. doi:10.1210/er.20.2.101. PMID 10204114.
• Meissner T, Beinbrech B, Mayatepek E (1999). "Congenital hyperinsulinism: molecular basis of a heterogeneous disease". Hum. Mutat. 13 (5): 351–61. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1999)13:5<351::AID-HUMU3>3.0.CO;2-R. PMID 10338089.
• Kubo Y, Adelman JP, Clapham DE, et al. (2006). "International Union of Pharmacology. LIV. Nomenclature and molecular relationships of inwardly rectifying potassium channels". Pharmacol. Rev. 57 (4): 509–26. doi:10.1124/pr.57.4.11. PMID 16382105.
• Gloyn AL, Siddiqui J, Ellard S (2006). "Mutations in the genes encoding the pancreatic beta-cell KATP channel subunits Kir6.2 (KCNJ11) and SUR1 (ABCC8) in diabetes mellitus and hyperinsulinism". Hum. Mutat. 27 (3): 220–31. doi:10.1002/humu.20292. PMID 16416420.
• Flechtner I, de Lonlay P, Polak M (2007). "Diabetes and hypoglycaemia in young children and mutations in the Kir6.2 subunit of the potassium channel: therapeutic consequences". Diabetes Metab. 32 (6): 569–80. doi:10.1016/S1262-3636(07)70311-7. PMID 17296510.
• Inagaki N, Gonoi T, Clement JP, et al. (1996). "Reconstitution of IKATP: an inward rectifier subunit plus the sulfonylurea receptor". Science. 270 (5239): 1166–1170. doi:10.1126/science.270.5239.1166. PMID 7502040.
• Thomas PM, Cote GJ, Hallman DM, Mathew PM (1995). "Homozygosity mapping, to chromosome 11p, of the gene for familial persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 56 (2): 416–21. PMC 1801118. PMID 7847376.
• Iwasaki N, Kawamura M, Yamagata K, et al. (1996). "Identification of microsatellite markers near the human genes encoding the beta-cell ATP-sensitive K+ channel and linkage studies with NIDDM in Japanese". Diabetes. 45 (2): 267–9. doi:10.2337/diabetes.45.2.267. PMID 8549873.
• Sakura H, Wat N, Horton V, et al. (1997). "Sequence variations in the human Kir6.2 gene, a subunit of the beta-cell ATP-sensitive K-channel: no association with NIDDM in while Caucasian subjects or evidence of abnormal function when expressed in vitro". Diabetologia. 39 (10): 1233–1236. doi:10.1007/BF02658512. PMID 8897013.
• Thomas P, Ye Y, Lightner E (1997). "Mutation of the pancreatic islet inward rectifier Kir6.2 also leads to familial persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy". Hum. Mol. Genet. 5 (11): 1809–1812. doi:10.1093/hmg/5.11.1809. PMID 8923010.
• Inoue H, Ferrer J, Warren-Perry M, et al. (1997). "Sequence variants in the pancreatic islet beta-cell inwardly rectifying K+ channel Kir6.2 (Bir) gene: identification and lack of role in Caucasian patients with NIDDM". Diabetes. 46 (3): 502–7. doi:10.2337/diabetes.46.3.502. PMID 9032109.
• Tucker SJ, Gribble FM, Zhao C, et al. (1997). "Truncation of Kir6.2 produces ATP-sensitive K+ channels in the absence of the sulphonylurea receptor". Nature. 387 (6629): 179–83. doi:10.1038/387179a0. PMID 9144288.
• Halushka MK, Fan JB, Bentley K, et al. (1999). "Patterns of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes for blood-pressure homeostasis". Nat. Genet. 22 (3): 239–47. doi:10.1038/10297. PMID 10391210.
• Tucker SJ, Ashcroft FM (1999). "Mapping of the physical interaction between the intracellular domains of an inwardly rectifying potassium channel, Kir6.2". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (47): 33393–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.47.33393. PMID 10559219.
• Cui Y, Giblin JP, Clapp LH, Tinker A (2001). "A mechanism for ATP-sensitive potassium channel diversity: Functional coassembly of two pore-forming subunits". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (2): 729–34. doi:10.1073/pnas.011370498. PMC 14656. PMID 11136227.
• Giblin JP, Cui Y, Clapp LH, Tinker A (2002). "Assembly limits the pharmacological complexity of ATP-sensitive potassium channels". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (16): 13717–23. doi:10.1074/jbc.M112209200. PMID 11825905.
• Crawford RM, Budas GR, Jovanović S, et al. (2002). "M-LDH serves as a sarcolemmal K(ATP) channel subunit essential for cell protection against ischemia". EMBO J. 21 (15): 3936–3948. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdf388. PMC 126135. PMID 12145195.
• Tschritter O, Stumvoll M, Machicao F, et al. (2002). "The prevalent Glu23Lys polymorphism in the potassium inward rectifier 6.2 (KIR6.2) gene is associated with impaired glucagon suppression in response to hyperglycemia". Diabetes. 51 (9): 2854–2860. doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.9.2854. PMID 12196481.

External links

• GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Familial Hyperinsulinism
• GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Permanent Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus
• KCNJ11+protein,+human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• SUR1+protein,+human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.