Influenza A virus subtype H11N9

The influenza A virus subtype H11N9 is an influenza virus strain. According to phylogenetic analysis, this strain received its genes from H11, H3, H10, and H7 avian influenza viruses in poultry in China.[1]

Influenza A virus subtype H11N9
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Negarnaviricota
Class: Insthoviricetes
Order: Articulavirales
Family: Orthomyxoviridae
Genus: Alphainfluenzavirus
Species:
Influenza A virus
Serotype:
Influenza A virus subtype H11N9

Presence in non-human animals

In 2013, H11N9 was isolated from a domestic duck in live-poultry markets in Eastern China.[1] in In 2015 and 2016, the virus was isolated from a bean goose in a wetland in Hubei, during a surveillance of avian influenza viruses.[2] H11N9 was detected in shorebirds at Delaware Bay. The existence of shared avian influeza virus subtypes in those bird species between the South and North American staging sites suggests that virus exchange may occur between the two continents.[3] H11N9 was also isolated from the ruddy turnstone in South America, which was caught in the Amazon region.[3] The strain isolated from migratory birds collected in the Amazon region was found to present a very high similarity with viral subtypes described in North America. However, the pathogenicity of those H11N9 subtypes was considered low.[4] The H11N9 subtype was also found in an avian influenza virus surveillance in Zambia.[5] In January 2016, H11N9 avian influenza virus was isolated in South Korea.[6]

H11N9 was found to be pathogenic to a minimal level in mice and was able to replicate in these species without prior adaptation.[1]

Presence in humans

The N9 gene of H7N9, which was found to be potentially lethal in humans, originated from an H11N9 influenza strain circulating in wild birds.[7]

References
  1. Wu, H; Peng, X; Peng, X; Wu, N (2015). "Molecular characterization of a reassortant H11N9 subtype avian influenza virus isolated from a domestic duck in Eastern China". Archives of Virology. 160 (10): 2595–2601. doi:10.1007/s00705-015-2528-6. PMID 26212362. S2CID 16942434.
  2. "Characterization of a reassortant H11N9 subtype avian influenza virus isolated from bean goose along the East Asian-Australian flyway". web.b.ebscohost.com. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
  3. de Araujo, Jansen; de Azevedo Ju´nior, Severino M.; Gaidet, Nicolas; Hurtado, Renata F.; Walker, David; Thomazelli, Luciano M.; Ometto, Tatiana; Seixas, Marina M. M.; Rodrigues, Roberta; Galindo, Daniele B.; da Silva, Adriana C. S.; Rodrigues, Arline´a M. M.; Bomfim, Leonardo L.; Mota, Marcelo A.; Larraza´bal, Maria E.; Branco, Joaquim O.; Serafini, Patricia; Neto, Isaac S.; Franks, John; Webby, Richard J.; Webster, Robert G.; Durigon, Edison L. (2014). "Avian Influenza Virus (H11N9) in Migratory Shorebirds Wintering in the Amazon Region, Brazil" (PDF). PLOS ONE. 9 (10): e110141. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9k0141D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0110141. S2CID 5631101.
  4. Pinto, LB; Ometto, T; Araújo, J; Thomazelli, LM; Seixas, MM; Barbosa, CM; Ramos, DGS; Melo, ALT; Pinho, JB; Durigon, EL; Aguiar, DM (2016). "Investigation of Influenza A, West Nile and Newcastle Disease Viruses in Birds from the Pantanal Wetlands of Mato Grosso, Brazil" (PDF). Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science. 18 (2): 291–298. doi:10.1590/1806-9061-2015-0111.
  5. Simulundu, Edgar; Ishii, Akihiro; Igarashi, Manabu; Mweene, Aaron S.; Suzuki, Yuka; Hang’ombe, Bernard M.; Namangala, Boniface; Moonga, Ladslav; Manzoor, Rashid; Ito, Kimihito; Nakamura, Ichiro; Sawa, Hirofumi; Sugimoto, Chihiro; Kida, Hiroshi; Simukonda, Chuma; Chansa, Wilbroad; Chulu, Jack; Takada, Ayato (2011). "Characterization of influenza A viruses isolated from wild waterfowl in Zambia" (PDF). Journal of General Virology. 92 (6): 1416–1427. doi:10.1099/vir.0.030403-0. PMID 21367986.
  6. "Influenza A H11N9". sinobiological.com. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  7. Ge, Ye; Wang, Xianfu; Chai, Hongliang; Deng, Guohua; Chen, Hualan; Hua, Yuping; Yao, Qiucheng (2019). "Detection of reassortant avian influenza A (H11N9) virus in wild birds in China". Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 66 (3): 1142–1157. doi:10.1111/tbed.13044. PMID 30338936.
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