In Bloom

"In Bloom" is a song by American rock band Nirvana. Written by frontman Kurt Cobain, the song addresses people outside the underground music community who did not understand the band's message.

For the 2013 film, see In Bloom (film). For the song by Neck Deep, see In Bloom (Neck Deep song).
"In Bloom"
UK picture sleeve
Single by Nirvana
from the album Nevermind
B-side"Polly" (live)
ReleasedNovember 30, 1992
RecordedMay 1991
StudioSound City Studios in Van Nuys, California
GenreGrunge[1]
Length4:11
LabelDGC
Songwriter(s)Kurt Cobain
Producer(s)Butch Vig
Nirvana singles chronology
"Lithium"
(1992)		 "In Bloom"
(1992)		 "Puss/Oh, the Guilt"
(1993)
Nevermind track listing
12 tracks
  1. "Smells Like Teen Spirit"
  2. "In Bloom"
  3. "Come as You Are"
  4. "Breed"
  5. "Lithium"
  6. "Polly"
  7. "Territorial Pissings"
  8. "Drain You"
  9. "Lounge Act"
  10. "Stay Away"
  11. "On a Plain"
  12. "Something in the Way"
Music video
"In Bloom" on YouTube

Nirvana made its first music video for an early version of "In Bloom" in 1990; however the song did not appear on a commercial release until the release of the group's second album, Nevermind, in 1991. "In Bloom" became the fourth and final single from the album in late 1992. While Nirvana's label DGC Records did not release a physical single for sale in the United States, "In Bloom" received much American radio airplay, reaching number 5 on the US Mainstream Rock chart. The international release of the single made the Top 10 in Ireland and Portugal. It also made the Top 20 in Finland and New Zealand and the Top 30 in Sweden and the United Kingdom. It was accompanied by a new music video which won Best Alternative Video at the 1993 MTV Video Music Awards.

Background and recording

Nirvana first played the song the night before it was demoed. Bassist Krist Novoselic recalled that it "originally sounded like a Bad Brains song. Then Kurt turned it into a pop song".[2] Cobain went home and reworked the song, playing the revised version of it over the phone to Novoselic.[3] The band recorded "In Bloom" with producer Butch Vig at Smart Studios in Madison, Wisconsin during April 1990. The material recorded at Smart Studios was intended for the group's second album for the independent record label Sub Pop.[4] The song originally had a bridge section that Vig removed. Novoselic said that after the band recorded the song, Vig cut out the bridge from the 16-track master tape with a razor blade and threw it in the garbage.[2] The songs from these sessions were placed on a demo tape that circulated amongst the music industry, generating interest in the group among major record labels.[5]

After signing to DGC Records, Nirvana began recording its second album Nevermind in May 1991. "In Bloom" was one of the first songs the band recorded during the album sessions at Sound City Studios in Van Nuys, California; Vig thought it would be good to start recording a song previously recorded at Smart Studios.[6] The arrangements for "In Bloom" and the other songs previously recorded with Vig in 1990 were largely unchanged; the recently hired drummer Dave Grohl stayed mostly with what his predecessor Chad Channing had recorded, but added more power and precision to the recording.[7] Cobain sang progressively "harder" during the recording of the song, which made it difficult for Vig to balance the volume levels between the verses and choruses. Vig recalled that he had to change the input level "on the fly" and hoped that Cobain would not "change the phrasing or do something different" while recording.[8]

Cobain chose not to overdub a harmony vocal part during the Smart Studios sessions, possibly due to time constraints.[9] During the Nevermind sessions, Vig had Grohl sing harmonies on the song. Grohl had difficulty hitting the proper notes, but ultimately was able to sing what Vig wanted.[10] Vig often had to trick Cobain, who was averse to performing multiple takes, into recording additional takes for overdubs on the record. The producer convinced Cobain to double-track his vocals on "In Bloom" by telling him, "John Lennon did it." After doubling Cobain's vocals, Vig decided he might as well double Grohl's and had the drummer record an additional track of backing harmonies.[6]

Composition

Like many Nirvana songs, "In Bloom" shifts back and forth between quiet verses and loud choruses. Cobain uses a Mesa Boogie guitar amplifier for the verses, and during the chorus he switches to a Fender Bassman amp (suggested by Vig) for a heavier, double-tracked fuzztone sound.[8] The rhythm section of Novoselic and Grohl kept its parts simple; Grohl stated it was "an unspoken rule" to avoid unnecessary drum fills, while Novoselic said he felt his role was about "serving the song".[6] During the choruses, vocalist Cobain and drummer Grohl harmonize while singing "He's the one/Who likes all our pretty songs/And he likes to sing along/And he likes to shoot his gun/But he knows not what it means". The song's intro reappears at the end of each chorus.

Cobain's lyrics address the people outside the underground music scene that began showing up at Nirvana shows after the release of the group's debut album Bleach. Nirvana biographer Michael Azerrad wrote, "But remarkably, [the song's lyrics] translated even better to the mass popularity the band enjoyed." Regarding the song's chorus, Azerrad commented, "The brilliant irony is that the tune is so catchy that millions of people actually do sing along to it."[11] In his biography of Cobain, Heavier Than Heaven, Charles R. Cross asserted that the song was a "thinly disguised portrait" of Cobain's friend Dylan Carlson.[12] This was confirmed by friend of the band Antony Hodgkinson, in a Reddit AMA in 2016 [13]

Release and reception

"In Bloom" was released as the fourth single from Nevermind on November 30, 1992. The single was only released commercially in the United Kingdom; promotional copies were released in the United States. The 7-inch vinyl and cassette editions of the single contained a live version of "Polly" as a B-side, while the 12-inch vinyl and CD versions featured a performance of "Sliver"; both songs were recorded at the same December 28, 1991 concert.[14] The single peaked at number 28 on the British singles chart.[15] While lacking an American commercial release, the song charted at number five on the Billboard Album Rock Tracks chart.[16]

Nirvana biographer Everett True wrote an uncharacteristically unfavorable review in Melody Maker, accusing the single of being a cash-in on Nevermind's success. "Whoop whoop bloody whoop", he wrote, "Forgive me if I don't sound too thrilled. This release is stretching even my credulity beyond repair. Like, milking a still-breathing (sacred) cow, or what? Badly inferior live versions of 'Polly' and 'Sliver' on the flip don't help matters either."[17] In 2011 Rolling Stone magazine ranked the song number 415 on its list of the "500 Greatest Songs of All Time".[18] According to Nielsen Music's year-end report for 2019, "In Bloom" was the seventh most-played song of the decade on mainstream rock radio with 131,000 spins. All of the songs in the top 10 were from the 1990s.[19]

Music video
Nirvana parodying early 1960s variety shows in the second "In Bloom" video. The band members are dressed as "thoroughly alright and decent fellas" and are filmed entirely in black and white.

Nirvana first made a music video for "In Bloom" in 1990 for the Sub Pop Video Network Program VHS compilation (1991). The recording of the song featured in the video is the version recorded during the Smart Studios sessions.[14] The Sub Pop video features the band walking around various parts of lower Manhattan including the South Street Seaport, the Lower East Side, and Wall Street. While filming the video, Novoselic shaved his head as penance for a bad performance the band gave in New York City. This caused discontinuity in the final cut; shots of the band feature the bassist with and without hair throughout the video.[20] This video was later compiled on the Nirvana box set With the Lights Out (2004). The audio of this version of "In Bloom" was later released on CD2 of the 20th Anniversary Deluxe Edition of the Nevermind album in 2011.

The second video, created to accompany the 1992 single release that was recorded at Sound City Studios, was directed by Kevin Kerslake, who had previously directed the band's videos for "Come as You Are" and "Lithium". Cobain's original concept for the video told the story of a young girl born into a Ku Klux Klan family who one day realizes how evil they are. His concept was too ambitious, so Cobain instead decided to parody musical performances by bands on early 1960s variety shows, such as The Ed Sullivan Show.[21] The humorous tone of the video was a result of Cobain being "so tired for the last year of people taking us so seriously . . . I wanted to fuck off and show them that we have a humorous side to us".[22] Kerslake filmed the video on old Kinescope cameras, and the band improvised its performance.[21] The video begins with an unnamed variety show host (played by Doug Llewelyn, former host of The People's Court) introducing Nirvana to an in-studio crowd of screaming teenagers; their non-stop screaming is heard throughout the duration of the song. The band members, whom the host refers to as "thoroughly all right and decent fellas", perform dressed in Beach Boys-style outfits; Cobain wears glasses that blurred his vision, while Novoselic cut his hair short and liked it so much he kept it that way afterwards.[23] As the video progresses, the band destroys the set and its instruments.

Three different edits of the Kerslake video were made. Cobain intended to replace the first version of the video after a period with a new take featuring the band wearing dresses instead of suits and playing the song in their usual raucous style, including trashing the stage. MTV's alternative rock show 120 Minutes insisted on premiering the video, but Cobain felt the program would not properly convey the humor of the "pop idol" version. Instead, a new edit was produced which contained shots of the band in both suits and dresses. The original edit of the video never aired.[24] This video won the award for Best Alternative Video at the 1993 MTV Video Music Awards,[25] and topped the music video category in the 1992 Village Voice Pazz & Jop critics' poll.[26]

Formats and track listings

All tracks written by Kurt Cobain.

  • 7", cassette
  1. "In Bloom" – 4:17
  2. "Polly" (live) – 2:47
  • 12", CD
  1. "In Bloom" – 4:17
  2. "Sliver" (live - Del Mar - 28.12.1991) – 2:06
  3. "Polly" (live - Del Mar - 28.12.1991) – 2:47

Charts

Certifications
Region CertificationCertified units/sales
United Kingdom (BPI)[46] Silver 200,000

sales+streaming figures based on certification alone

Personnel

Cover versions

Country musician Sturgill Simpson covered "In Bloom" as a country song on his 2016 album A Sailor's Guide to Earth, while Lil Nas X interpolated it from his 2019 song Panini (which was approved by Frances Bean Cobain).[47]

References
  • Classic Albums—Nirvana: Nevermind [DVD]. Isis Productions, 2004.
  • Azerrad, Michael. Come as You Are: The Story of Nirvana. Doubleday, 1994. ISBN 0-385-47199-8
  • Berkenstadt, Jim; Cross, Charles. Classic Rock Albums: Nevermind. Schirmer, 1998. ISBN 0-02-864775-0
  • Cross, Charles R. Heavier Than Heaven: A Biography of Kurt Cobain. Hyperion, 2001. ISBN 0-7868-6505-9

Notes
  1. Danaher, Michael (August 4, 2014). "The 50 Best Grunge Songs". Paste.
  2. Cross, Charles R. "Requiem for a Dream." Guitar World. October 2001.
  3. Fricke, David. "Krist Novoselic on Nevermind" at the Wayback Machine (archived January 28, 2010). Rolling Stone. September 13, 2001. Archived from the original on January 28, 2010. Retrieved on June 10, 2008.
  4. Azerrad, p. 137
  5. Azerrad, p. 138
  6. Classic Albums—Nirvana: Nevermind [DVD]. Isis Productions, 2004.
  7. Azerrad, p. 173
  8. Berkenstadt; Cross, p. 70
  9. Berkenstadt; Cross, p. 37
  10. Azerrad, p. 174
  11. Azerrad, p. 215
  12. Cross, p. 149
  13. https://www.reddit.com/r/Nirvana/comments/3joa1x/this_is_dancing_tony_ama_httpiimgurcomtmowvfwjpg/
  14. Gaar, Gillian G. "Verse Chorus Verse: The Recording History of Nirvana". Goldmine. February 14, 1997.
  15. Roberts, David, ed. British Hit Singles & Albums. 19th edition. HIT Entertainment, 2006. ISBN 1-90499-410-5
  16. Nirvana - Awards. Allmusic.com. Retrieved on May 31, 2012.
  17. True, Everett. Nirvana: The Biography. Da Capo Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-306-81554-6. p. 409.
  18. """The RS 500 Greatest Songs of All Time (1-500)"". Archived from the original on December 12, 2015. Retrieved 2015-04-21.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  19. Trapp, Philip (January 14, 2020). "Nirvana Were the Most-Played Band of the Decade on Rock Radio". Loudwire. Retrieved January 23, 2020.
  20. Azerrad, p. 133–34
  21. Azerrad, p. 291
  22. Azerrad, p. 293
  23. Azerrad, p. 292
  24. Azerrad, p. 293–94
  25. Cross, p. 286
  26. Christgau, Robert. "The 1992 Pazz & Jop Critics Poll". Village Voice. March 2, 1993. Retrieved on June 14, 2008.
  27. "The ARIA Australian Top 100 Singles Chart – Week Ending 14th February 1993 (61–100)". ARIA. Retrieved April 13, 2016.
  28. Ryan, Gavin (2011). Australia's Music Charts 1988-2010. Mt. Martha, VIC, Australia: Moonlight Publishing.
  29. "Eurochart Hot 100 Singles (Last Week's Position)" (PDF). Music & Media. January 9, 1993. p. 11. Retrieved July 28, 2018.
  30. Pennanen, Timo. Sisältää hitin: levyt ja esittäjät Suomen musiikkilistoilla vuodesta 1972. Otava Publishing Company Ltd, 2003. ISBN 951-1-21053-X
  31. "The Irish Charts – Search Results – In Loom". Irish Singles Chart.
  32. "Dutchcharts.nl – Nirvana – In Bloom" (in Dutch). Single Top 100.
  33. "Charts.nz – Nirvana – In Bloom". Top 40 Singles.
  34. "Archiwum Listy Przebojow - Trojki - Nrivana". lp3.pl. Polskie Radio. Archived from the original on November 11, 2018. Retrieved November 11, 2018.
  35. "Top 10 Sales in Europe" (PDF). Music & Media. February 6, 1993. p. 16. Retrieved July 28, 2018.
  36. "Swedishcharts.com – Nirvana – In Bloom". Singles Top 100.
  37. "Charts - Top 30 Network Singles". Melody Maker. MRIB. December 26, 1992. p. 59. Retrieved July 15, 2020.
  38. "Nirvana: Artist Chart History". Official Charts Company.
  39. "Nirvana Chart History (Mainstream Rock)". Billboard.
  40. "AOR Tracks" (PDF). Radio & Records. Radio & Records. January 22, 1993. p. 58. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
  41. "AOR Tracks - Songs Reaching Top 15 in 1993" (PDF). Radio & Records. Radio & Records. December 10, 1993. p. 60. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
  42. "Top National Sellers" (PDF). Music & Media. January 20, 1996. p. 15. Retrieved June 2, 2019.
  43. "Eurochart Hot 100 Singles" (PDF). Music & Media. December 9, 1995. p. 12. Retrieved June 2, 2019.
  44. "Lescharts.com – Nirvana – Singles" (in French). Les classement single. Retrieved June 2, 2019.
  45. "AOR Tracks - The Top 93 of 1993" (PDF). Radio & Records. Radio & Records. December 10, 1993. p. 59. Retrieved February 20, 2019.
  46. "British single certifications – Nirvana – In Bloom". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved March 25, 2020.
  47. "Rolling Stone - Lil Nas X Had Never Heard 'Nevermind' Before Making the Nirvana-Sampling 'Panini'". https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/lil-nas-x-panini-nirvana-nevermind-old-town-road-850577/. External link in |website= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)

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