Herpetogaster

Herpetogaster is an extinct monotypic cambroernid genus of animal from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale containing the species Herpetogaster collinsi. H. collinsi is known from 101 specimens. It possessed a pair of branching tentacles and a tough but flexible body that curved helically to the right like a ram's horn and was divided into at least 13 segments. A flexible, extensible stolon emerged from the body at about the ninth segment and secured the animal to the sea floor, often by attaching to the sponge Vauxia. It is not known whether the attachment was permanent.[1] A mouth opened between the tentacles, leading internally to a pharynx, a large lentil-shaped stomach, a narrower straight intestine, and an anus at the end of the "tail." The tentacles were softer than the body and probably extensible. A dark line running down the center of each tentacle and connecting with the head is tentatively reconstructed as a hydrostatic canal and/or vascular system; if this interpretation is correct, the tentacles might have been controlled by fluid pressure, and individuals could have fed by snaring either small prey or edible particles in the tentacles and bringing the tentacles to the mouth, as in living sea cucumbers. Structures on the back of the head have been noted as potential pharyngeal pores, which suggests a relationship with early echinoderms. The whole animal was 3-4 cm long. They were probably gregarious, as up to eight individuals have been found on the same slab.[2] Six specimens of Herpetogaster are known from the Greater Phyllopod bed, where they comprise less than 0.01% of the community.[3]

Restoration

Herpetogaster
Temporal range: Middle Cambrian
Specimens and diagram
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Genus: †Herpetogaster
Caron, Conway-Morris, & Shu 2010
Species:
†H. collinsi
Binomial name
†Herpetogaster collinsi
Caron, Conway-Morris, & Shu 2010

References
  1. Canada, Royal Ontario Museum and Parks (2011-06-10). "The Burgess Shale". burgess-shale.rom.on.ca. Retrieved 2018-10-27.
  2. Caron, Jean-Bernard; Conway Morris, Simon; Shu, Degan (2010-03-08). "Tentaculate Fossils from the Cambrian of Canada (British Columbia) and China (Yunnan) Interpreted as Primitive Deuterostomes". PLoS ONE. 5 (3): e9586. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.9586C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009586. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 2833208. PMID 20221405.
  3. Caron, Jean-Bernard; Jackson, Donald A. (October 2006). "Taphonomy of the Greater Phyllopod Bed community, Burgess Shale". PALAIOS. 21 (5): 451–65. Bibcode:2006Palai..21..451C. doi:10.2110/palo.2003.P05-070R. JSTOR 20173022.
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