Heidi Heitkamp

Mary Kathryn "Heidi" Heitkamp (/ˈhaɪtˌkæmp/; born October 30, 1955) is an American businesswoman, lawyer and politician who served as a United States senator from North Dakota from 2013 to 2019. A member of the North Dakota Democratic-Nonpartisan League Party, she was the first woman elected to the U.S. Senate from North Dakota. She served as the 28th North Dakota Attorney General from 1992 to 2000 and as state tax commissioner from 1986 to 1992.

Heidi Heitkamp
United States senator
from North Dakota
In office
January 3, 2013 – January 3, 2019
Preceded byKent Conrad
Succeeded byKevin Cramer
28th Attorney General of North Dakota
In office
December 15, 1992 – December 15, 2000
GovernorEd Schafer
Preceded byNicholas Spaeth
Succeeded byWayne Stenehjem
20th Tax Commissioner of North Dakota
In office
December 2, 1986 – December 15, 1992
GovernorGeorge Sinner
Preceded byKent Conrad
Succeeded byRobert Hanson
Personal details
Born
Mary Kathryn Heitkamp

(1955-10-30) October 30, 1955
Breckenridge, Minnesota, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
Spouse(s)Darwin Lange
Children2
RelativesJoel Heitkamp (brother)
EducationUniversity of North Dakota (BA)
Lewis & Clark College (JD)

Heitkamp ran for governor of North Dakota in 2000 and lost to Republican John Hoeven. She considered a bid for the Democratic nomination in the 2010 U.S. Senate election to replace retiring senator Byron Dorgan,[1] but on March 3, 2010, she declined to run against Hoeven, who was ultimately elected.[2]

In November 2011 Heitkamp declared her candidacy to replace Kent Conrad as U.S. senator from North Dakota in the 2012 election.[3] She narrowly defeated Republican congressman Rick Berg on November 6, 2012, in that year's closest Senate race.[4] Heitkamp was North Dakota's second female senator, after Jocelyn Burdick, and the first woman to be elected to the Senate from that state.[5] On November 6, 2018, Heitkamp was defeated in her bid for reelection by Republican congressman Kevin Cramer.[6] Following her election defeat, Heitkamp became a CNBC contributor[7] and a visiting fellow at the Institute of Politics at Harvard Kennedy School.[8] In April 2019, with Senator Joe Donnelly of Indiana (who also lost reelection in 2018), she launched One Country Project, an organization aimed at helping Democrats reconnect with rural voters.[9][10]

Early life, education and early career

Heitkamp was born in Breckenridge, Minnesota, the fourth of seven children of Doreen LaVonne (née Berg), a school cook, and Raymond Bernard Heitkamp, a janitor and construction worker.[11][12] Her father was of German descent, while her mother is of half Norwegian and half German ancestry.[11] Heitkamp was raised in Mantador, North Dakota, attending local public schools. She adopted the nickname "Heidi" in first grade to distinguish herself from two other classmates named Mary and Kathy, respectively.[13] She earned a B.A. from the University of North Dakota in 1977 and a J.D. from Lewis & Clark Law School in 1980.[14] Heitkamp interned for the U.S. Congress in 1976 and in the state legislature in 1977.[12]

Practicing attorney and politics

In 1980-81, Heitkamp worked as an attorney for the United States Environmental Protection Agency.[15] She next worked as an attorney for North Dakota State Tax Commissioner Kent Conrad.[12]

She also became active in politics, joining the North Dakota Democratic-Nonpartisan League Party. In 1984, Heitkamp ran for North Dakota state auditor but was defeated by incumbent Republican Robert W. Peterson.[12] In 1986, Conrad decided to resign as tax commissioner in order to run for the U.S. Senate. Heitkamp ran for state tax commissioner and won the election with 66% of the vote against Republican Marshall Moore.[16] She served in that position until 1992.

Attorney General

In 1992, the incumbent North Dakota attorney general, Democrat Nick Spaeth, decided to retire in order to run for governor. Heitkamp ran for attorney general and won with 62% of the vote.[17] In 1996, she won reelection with 64% of the vote.[18]

As attorney general of North Dakota, Heitkamp became known for leading the state's legal efforts to seek damages from tobacco companies, eventually resulting in the Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement.[19][20]

2000 gubernatorial election
Main article: 2000 North Dakota gubernatorial election

In 2000, incumbent Republican governor Ed Schafer decided not to seek a third term. Heitkamp ran unopposed in the Democratic primary. On the Republican side, John Hoeven, CEO of the Bank of North Dakota, also ran unopposed. During her campaign for governor, it was announced that Heitkamp had been diagnosed with breast cancer, which later went into remission. Hoeven defeated her 55% to 45%. Heitkamp won 12 of the state's 53 counties.[21]

Business career (2001–2012)

From 2001 to 2012, Heitkamp served on the board of directors as an external director of Dakota Gasification Company's Great Plains synfuels plant.[22][23][24]

Heitkamp's brother, Joel, is a radio talk-show host and former North Dakota state senator. Heitkamp has occasionally filled in as host of his program, News and Views, which is broadcast on KFGO in Fargo and other stations in North Dakota.[25][26]

U.S. Senate

2012 election
Main article: 2012 United States Senate election in North Dakota

In January 2011, incumbent Democratic U.S. senator Kent Conrad announced his intent to retire instead of seeking a fourth full term in 2012.[27] On November 8, 2011, Heitkamp announced that she would seek the open seat.[28] She vowed to be "an independent voice."[29]

Heitkamp won the November 6, 2012, Senate election by 2,936 votes, less than 1% of the ballots cast. Berg conceded the race the next day[30] though he could have asked for a "demand recount" under North Dakota law.[31]

In 2014, the Daily Beast suggested that she might be a presidential contender in 2020, saying that she had come to Washington "personifying traditional values of the Old West: candor, consistency, hard work, and a sense of good faith and fair play."[32]

In December 2016, it was reported that President-elect Trump was considering Heitkamp for Secretary of Agriculture.[33] In response, Heitkamp said on the radio that she would likely refuse any such offer. "I'm not saying 'never, never,' but I will tell you that I'm very, very honored to serve the people of North Dakota and I hope that no matter what I do, that will always be my first priority...The job that I have right now is incredibly challenging. I love it."[34] Trump eventually nominated former Georgia governor Sonny Perdue for Secretary of Agriculture.

Heitkamp represented the state in the Senate from January 3, 2013 to January 3, 2019, alongside Republican John Hoeven, her former opponent in the governor's race.[32]

Committee assignments

Caucus memberships

2018 election
Heitkamp campaigning in October 2018.
Main article: 2018 United States Senate election in North Dakota

On September 13, 2017, a day after dining at the White House with several other senators and Trump, Heitkamp announced she would seek a second term. She spoke of the importance of legislation regarding infrastructure, tax reform, and energy and farm policy. Rep. Kevin Cramer won the Republican primary to challenge Heitkamp.[37]

In October 2018, Heitkamp apologized after her campaign ran a newspaper advertisement that "included names of victims of domestic violence, sexual assault or rape without their permission."[38][39][40]

On November 6, 2018, Cramer defeated Heitkamp with 55.4 percent of the vote.[6]

Political positions

Heitkamp has been described as a moderate Democrat.[41][42] She was considered a centrist and often supported bipartisan legislation.[43] The National Journal has given her a composite rating of 53% liberal and 47% conservative.[44] The American Conservative Union gives her a lifetime 13.67% conservative rating.[45] The fiscally conservative group Americans for Prosperity gives Heitkamp a lifetime score of 26% and a higher score of 70% in 2016.[46] Americans for Democratic Action, which supports liberal positions, gave Heitkamp a score of 45% liberal in 2016 and 60% liberal in 2015.[46] According to FiveThirtyEight, Heitkamp voted in line with President Trump's positions 54% of the time.[47][48] Congressional Quarterly published a study finding that Heitkamp voted with Trump's position 67% of the time.[49] The Associated Press found that she voted with his positions more than 68% of the time.[50] GovTrack places Heitkamp near the center of the Senate as the third most moderate Democrat, to the right of moderate Republican senator Susan Collins.[51]

In March 2018, Heitkamp co-sponsored the Israel Anti-Boycott Act (s. 720), which made it a federal crime, punishable by a maximum sentence of 20 years imprisonment,[52] for Americans to encourage or participate in boycotts against Israel and Israeli settlements in the occupied Palestinian territories if protesting actions by the Israeli government.[53]

In June 2018, Americans for Prosperity, which is backed by the Koch brothers, ran digital advertisements thanking Heitkamp for her vote to pass legislation loosening financial regulations on banks.[54]

Health care

Heitkamp has said that the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act contains "good and bad" elements and that "it needs to be fixed." She criticized her Senate opponent Rick Berg for wanting to repeal the law, citing concerns about insurance companies denying coverage to children with preexisting conditions.[55]

During the United States federal government shutdown of 2013, Heitkamp criticized Republican attempts to use the Continuing Appropriations Resolution as "a vehicle to legislate other issues," such as the defunding of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and a delay of its individual mandate.[56] Heitkamp was one of 14 members of the bipartisan Senate group that negotiated the compromise that was the basis of the eventual deal to end the shutdown.[57] During the government shutdown in 2013, Heitkamp donated about $8,000 of her salary to North Dakota charities that support veterans, provide healthcare supplies to those that cannot afford them, and raise breast cancer awareness.[58]

In January 2018, Heitkamp was one of six Democrats to join Republican senators in voting to confirm Trump's nominee for Health secretary, Alex Azar.[59]

Economic issues

She has sought to get the Trump Administration "to get the Export-Import Bank in high gear to help North Dakota's economy."[60]

Heitkamp said she would support a balanced budget amendment to the Constitution "with exceptions" if elected. Heitkamp said such exceptions would include wartime spending, Social Security, Medicare, and a ban on tax cuts for those making more than $1 million per year.[61]

Heitkamp announced in a campaign press release in 2012 that she supports the Buffett Rule. Heitkamp supports implementing the Buffett Rule via the Paying a Fair Share Act, which would require those making a gross income of $1,000,000 or more to pay at least a 30% federal tax rate.[62]

After Trump's inauguration, Heitkamp was described as being "under intense pressure from the president to defect to the tax reform cause."[63] On December 1, 2017, she joined every Democrat and 14 House and Senate Republicans in voting against the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.[64]

Heitkamp was described in 2017 as wanting "to use her White House connections to prod Trump to take a softer view on trade."[60]

Politico wrote in 2017 that Heitkamp "hates the White House's budget's agriculture cuts and believes they'd devastate North Dakota."[60]

Heitkamp was one of the chief architects of a bank deregulation bill that rolled back provisions of Dodd-Frank. Many progressives, most notably Elizabeth Warren, have urged her colleagues to oppose the bill.[65] She was one of 17 Democrats who broke with the majority of their party and voted with Republicans to ease bank regulations.[66] Heitkamp was later invited by Trump to be a part of the signing ceremony after the bill's passage.[67]

Same-sex marriage

On April 5, 2013, Heitkamp announced her support of same-sex marriage, along with fellow red state Democratic Senator Joe Donnelly (D-Indiana), who entered the Senate at the same time Heitkamp did.[68]

Abortion

When running for Senate in 2012, Heitkamp said she opposed public funding of abortions and believed that "late term abortions should be illegal except when necessary to save the life of the mother." After her election, however, she voted to filibuster a bill that would have made abortions illegal after the fifth month of pregnancy except when the mother's life is endangered. Heitkamp's apparent shift led to criticism by Marjorie Dannenfelser of the pro-life Susan B. Anthony List.[69]

Planned Parenthood, which supports legal abortion and reproductive rights, has given Heitkamp a 100% lifetime rating. She received a 100% rating from NARAL Pro-Choice America, a 20% rating from the pro-life organization National Right to Life, and a 20% rating from Democrats for Life, a group of pro-life Democrats.[46]

Filibuster reform

Heitkamp said she supports reforming the filibuster in the United States Senate, but did not specifically endorse the Merkley/Udall/Harkin proposal for doing so.[70]

Support for Hillary Clinton

Heitkamp was described in 2014 as a "Hillary Clinton fan" who believed Clinton would "run, win, and be 'an excellent president.'" Heitkamp said of Clinton, "I think she transcends gender. When people look at her, they don't see male or female. They see a very accomplished, qualified candidate. She's very collaborative, very open to a different way of looking at things, uber smart. She digs down and understands an issue."[32]

Heitkamp was less enthusiastic about Clinton by 2016, in light of her email controversy and what Heitkamp perceived as Clinton's turn to the left. In 2018, when asked when Clinton would "ride off into the sunset," Heitkamp replied, "Not soon enough."[71]

Relationship with Donald Trump

After the presidential election, in which Donald Trump won North Dakota overwhelmingly, Heitkamp stated that she did not have to change her views in order to appeal to Trump supporters. Speaking to Bloomberg News in December 2016, she said, "Many of the people who voted for Donald Trump are the same voters from rural communities who I know, grew up with and work with every day." According to Bloomberg, Heitkamp "hinted at a preference for Trump politicos over Washington ones because the former don't 'come as establishment Republicans,' but have a 'willingness to listen to a different perspective.'"[72]

In a June 2017 profile, Politico wrote, "Washington is a surprisingly cozy place right now for Heitkamp. She met with Trump about a Cabinet position in December, visited the White House three times since and speaks regularly to Trump's chief of staff Reince Priebus and top economic adviser Gary Cohn...Heitkamp is plainly chummier with Trump than she was to President Barack Obama." Politico quoted Senate Minority Whip Dick Durbin as saying that it is "a complete waste of time" to try to get Heitkamp to vote with her party when she is determined to do otherwise. "Her independence, and her closeness to Trump, will be a boon if she does run again," noted Politico. "Republicans respect Heitkamp, and Sen. John Hoeven (R-N.D.) said she will enter as the favorite."[60]

On September 6, 2017, Trump gave a speech in North Dakota and, in addition to inviting Republican officials onstage, also asked Heitkamp to join him, explaining: "Everyone's saying: What's she doing up here? But I'll tell you what: Good woman, and I think we'll have your support — I hope we'll have your support. And thank you very much, senator. Thank you for coming up." The Post noted that given Trump's popularity in North Dakota, his remarks had amounted to "a potentially massive boost" for Heitkamp as she sought "to remain the state's lone statewide elected Democrat."[73] Heitkamp had flown with Trump to North Dakota on Air Force One.[74]

Heitkamp heard from approximately 1,400 North Dakotans about Trump's nomination of Betsy DeVos for Secretary of Education. About 1,330 of them opposed it. Heitkamp then announced her opposition to DeVos, attributing her decision to this overwhelming public reaction. "Need an education secretary who puts students 1st & will work to strengthen public school education, not privatize it as Betsy DeVos would," Heitkamp tweeted.[75]

Heitkamp was the first Democrat to support and one of the handful of Democrats to vote to confirm Trump's nominee, Mike Pompeo, as Secretary of State.[76]

Supreme Court

Heitkamp voted to confirm Neil Gorsuch to the Supreme Court, telling CNBC that she had made this decision "based on an interview and a review of his record." She said: "Would he be the judge I'd pick? No, never...But he is the judge that the duly elected president picked."[77]

In October 2018, Heitkamp voted against confirming Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh, amid allegations that Kavanaugh had sexually assaulted women.[78][79] Her vote against Kavanaugh was considered politically risky, given North Dakota's Republican leanings. In an interview, Heitkamp explained that the "better part of my career in public life has been working with victims" and that her own mother had been sexually assaulted as a teenager.[80]

Gun laws

Heitkamp had an A rating from the National Rifle Association (NRA) for her consistent support of pro-gun legislation.[81] In 2012, the NRA gave her an 86% score for supporting their positions; Gun Owners of America, another gun rights organization, gave her a 30% rating.[46] Bloomberg News has commented that "on guns, it will be hard to find room to the right of her."[72]

In an April 11, 2013, interview, Heitkamp said that she intended to vote against the Manchin-Toomey amendment, which was introduced in the Senate after the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting. It would have amended the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act to expand background checks to gun shows and internet purchases.[82] Heitkamp said, "I'm going to represent my state. ... in the end it's not what any other senator believes. It's about what the people of North Dakota believe."[82]

Polling suggested that the majority of North Dakotans approve of prohibiting individuals on the No-Fly list from buying firearms and ammunition,[83][84] but in June 2016, after the Orlando nightclub shooting, Heitkamp voted against such a prohibition. She was the only Democratic Senator to do so.[85] She instead expressed support for a "compromise gun bill" proposed by Susan Collins.[86]

Her vote against expanded background checks for gun buyers angered many, including former White House chief of staff William M. Daley, who "was so enraged he wrote a blistering attack in the Washington Post asking for his $2,500 campaign donation back."[32]

Heitkamp declined to participate in the Democratic filibuster on gun control in June 2016, leading to harsh criticism by gun-control groups such as the Brady Campaign and Center to Prevent Gun Violence and Everytown for Gun Safety.[87]

Energy and environment

According to Reuters, Heitkamp "has been a supporter of domestic energy development, both in fossil fuels and renewable resources."[33] She has said that she supports the Keystone XL pipeline because it will create jobs, decrease America's dependence on foreign oil from the Middle East, and help drive down the national debt.[88] She has also said that many who oppose hydraulic fracturing have been exposed to "junk science" and do not know what it really is.[89] She was Climate Hawks Vote's lowest-rated Democratic senator on climate leadership in the 113th Congress and remains among the lowest in 2015.[90][91]

In December 2016, Heitkamp told CNBC that although the Army Corps of Engineers had refused to approve permits needed to complete the Dakota Access pipeline, that would change under President-elect Trump. She said that she understood those who opposed the construction of the pipeline through Native American land, but added: "I just think that this fight is not winnable."[92]

In February 2017, Heitkamp was one of two Democratic senators to vote to confirm Scott Pruitt as Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.[93] In March 2017, she issued a statement supporting Trump's approval of Keystone XL, calling it "common sense."[94] She also voted against the Stream Protection Rule.[95]

Personal life

Heitkamp is married to Darwin Lange, a family practitioner. They reside in Mandan and are the parents of two adult children, Ali and Nathan.[96] Heitkamp survived a bout with breast cancer in 2000.[60] She is a member of the Catholic Church.[97]

Praised for her "forthright manner," Heitkamp has said, "I think certain people in my party know me pretty well and I'm too old to change. I would have a hard time figuring out how I would not say what I really thought at this point in my life. I always say, don't ever get between a post-menopausal woman and [what she thinks is] a good idea."[32]

Electoral history
North Dakota gubernatorial election, 2000[98]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Republican John Hoeven 159,255 55.03% -11.16%
Democratic-NPL Heidi Heitkamp 130,144 44.97% +11.16%
Write-in 13 0.00%
Majority 29,111 10.06% -22.32%
Turnout 289,412
Republican hold Swing
United States Senate election in North Dakota, 2012[99]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Democratic-NPL Heidi Heitkamp 161,337 50.24% -18.58%
Republican Rick Berg 158,401 49.32% +19.79%
Write-in 1,406 0.44% N/A
Total votes '321,144' '100.0%' N/A
Democratic-NPL hold
Democratic primary results, North Dakota 2018[100]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic-NPL Heidi Heitkamp (incumbent) 36,729 99.58%
Write-in 152 0.42%
Total votes 36,883 100%
United States Senate election in North Dakota, 2018[101]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Republican Kevin Cramer 179,720 55.11% +5.79%
Democratic-NPL Heidi Heitkamp (incumbent) 144,376 44.27% -5.97%
Write-in 2,042 0.63% N/A
Total votes '326,138' '100%' N/A
Republican gain from Democratic-NPL

See also

References
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Political offices
Preceded by
Kent Conrad		 Tax Commissioner of North Dakota
1986–1992		 Succeeded by
Robert Hanson
Legal offices
Preceded by
Nicholas Spaeth		 Attorney General of North Dakota
1992–2000		 Succeeded by
Wayne Stenehjem
Party political offices
Preceded by
Lee Kaldor		 Democratic nominee for Governor of North Dakota
2000		 Succeeded by
Joe Satrom
Preceded by
Kent Conrad		 Democratic nominee for U.S. Senator from North Dakota
(Class 1)
2012, 2018		 Most recent
U.S. Senate
Preceded by
Kent Conrad		 U.S. Senator (Class 1) from North Dakota
2013–2019
Served alongside: John Hoeven		 Succeeded by
Kevin Cramer
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