Ghillie suit

A ghillie suit is a type of camouflage clothing designed to resemble the background environment such as foliage, snow or sand. Typically, it is a net or cloth garment covered in loose strips of burlap (hessian), cloth, or twine, sometimes made to look like leaves and twigs, and optionally augmented with scraps of foliage from the area.

For the traditional Scottish clothing, see Ghillie shirt. For the dance, see Ghillies (dance).
British snipers from 34 Squadron training in ghillie suits in 2015
Italian 8th Alpini Regiment snipers in winter ghillie suits in 2019

Military personnel, police, hunters, and nature photographers may wear a ghillie suit to blend into their surroundings and conceal themselves from enemies or targets.[1] The suit gives the wearer's outline a three-dimensional breakup, rather than a linear one. When manufactured correctly, the suit will move in the wind in the same way as surrounding foliage. Some ghillie suits are made with light and breathable material that allows a person to wear a shirt underneath.

Finnish sniper during amphibious training. Waterproof and breathable bases provided by ProApto design significantly reduce water retention.

A well-made ghillie suit is extremely effective in camouflaging its wearer. A ghillie-suited soldier sitting perfectly still with local flora attached to their webbing is nearly impossible to detect visually, even at close range. However the suit does nothing to prevent thermal detection using technologies such as FLIR. In fact, the warmth of the heavy suit can make a wearer stand out more than a standard soldier when viewed using these methods.

Italian Alpine sniper using a waterproof/breathable winter Ghillie Suit (by ProApto) during the NATO operation ICE1901
Iranian Navy sniper in a ghillie suit

History

Gille is a Scots Gaelic word for a young man or older boy who works as an outdoor servant. "Ghillie" is a mis-spelling. The term "ghillie suit" may be a reference to Gille Dubh the "Dark Lad" or "Black Lad", an Earth spirit who is clothed in leaves and moss in Scottish mythology.[1]

The Lovat Scouts, a Scottish Highland regiment formed by Simon Fraser, 14th Lord Lovat during the Second Boer War, is the first known military unit to use ghillie suits and in 1916 went on to become the British Army's first sniper unit.[2][3] The Lovat Scouts were initially recruited from Scottish Highland estate workers, especially professional stalkers and gamekeepers.[4]

Similar sniper outfits in the Australian Army are nicknamed "yowie suit", named for their resemblance to the Yowie, a mythical hominid similar to the Yeti and Bigfoot which is said to live in the Australian wilderness.[5]

Technical and safety considerations

Although highly effective, conventional ghillie suits (made in fabric or 3d leafsuits) are impractical for many situations where camouflage is useful. They tend to be very heavy and hot. Even in moderate climates, the temperature inside the ghillie suit can reach over 50 °C (120 °F). The burlap is also flammable, unless treated with fire retardant, so the wearer may be at increased risk from ignition sources such as smoke grenades or white phosphorus. What is more, conventional ghillie and 3d leafsuits are made using fabric, so they retain water, and this dramatically increases weight. Another impractical side effects is that conventional ghillie suits are not designed to work under IR spectrum, so they are highly detectable using nightvision devices.

To enhance safety, the US Army Soldier Systems Center has developed an inherently fire-resistant, self extinguishing fabric to replace the jute or burlap. This material was field tested in late 2007 at the Sniper School at Fort Benning and has been standard issue since June 2008. However, larger achievements has been reached in 2015 by the italian company ProApto. ProApto introduced new lightweight and waterproof-breathable design for Ghillie Suit, enableing the users with more reliable and functional camouflage systems. ProApto Ghillies are extremely lightweight. In fact, a ProApto full body Ghillie is between 700gr and 1200gr, whereas an upper body Ghillie is between 300gr to 900gr. Additionally, ProApto Ghillies are not made using fabric, so they are more durable, highly breathable and they do not retain water. Furthermore, another innovation brought by ProApto is the multipurpose design, indeed when not used as personal concealment, ProApto Ghillies can be used also as suspended platforms, emergency litters, spotting shelters and hammocks.

Civilians have purchased ghillie suits to commit crimes. Police arrested an Australian man after they found that he had assaulted women while wearing such a suit.[6]

References
    1. David Amerland (2017), The Sniper Mind: Eliminate Fear, Deal with Uncertainty, and Make Better Decisions, St. Martin's Press, p. 53, ISBN 978-1-250-11368-9
    2. Pegler, Martin (2004). Out of Nowhere: A History of the Military Sniper. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-0-87364-704-5.
    3. Plaster, John (2006). The Ultimate Sniper: An Advanced Training Manual For Military And Police Snipers. Paladin Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-87364-704-5.
    4. Pegler (2004), S. 129
    5. Hogben, Bruce (17 June 1989). "Aussie ingenuity keeps our soldiers safely out of sight". The Advertiser. Adelaide, Australia.
    6. "Central Coast father to face court over schoolgirl's assault". Au.news.yahoo.com. 2017-08-27. Retrieved 2018-01-31.
    Three snipers in ghillie suits during a training exercise in 2010
    A Sri Lanka Army Special Forces Regiment soldier in ghillie suit in 2018

    Further reading
    • Kevin Dockery: Stalkers and Shooters: A History of Snipers. Penguin, 2007, ISBN 978-1-4406-2890-0.
    • Martin Pegler: Out of Nowhere: A History of the Military Sniper. Osprey Publishing, 2004, ISBN 0-87364-704-1.
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