Fist of Fury

Fist of Fury (also known as The Chinese Connection) is a 1972 Hong Kong action martial arts film written and directed by Lo Wei, produced by Raymond Chow, and starring Bruce Lee in his second major role after The Big Boss (1971).[3] Lee plays Chen Zhen, a student of Huo Yuanjia, who fights to defend the honor of the Chinese in the face of foreign aggression, and to bring to justice those responsible for his master's death.[3]

This article is about the 1972 film. For other uses, see Fist of Fury (disambiguation).

Fist of Fury
Hong Kong film poster
Traditional精武門
Simplified精武门
MandarinJīng Wǔ Mén
CantoneseZing1 Mou2 Mun4
Directed byLo Wei
Produced byRaymond Chow
Written byLo Wei
StarringBruce Lee
Nora Miao
Music byJoseph Koo
CinematographyChan Ching-chu
Edited byPeter Cheung Yui-Chung
Production
company
Distributed byGolden Harvest
Release date
  • 22 March 1972 (1972-03-22)
Running time
106 minutes
CountryHong Kong
LanguageCantonese
Mandarin
BudgetUS$100,000[1]
Box officeUS$100 million[2]

The film grossed an estimated US$100 million worldwide (equivalent to over $600 million adjusted for inflation), against a budget of $100,000. It was the highest-grossing Hong Kong film up until Lee's The Way of the Dragon (1972).

Background

The film was produced by the Orange Sky Golden Harvest film production company, still in its infancy at the time. Directed by Lo Wei, this was Bruce Lee's second kung fu film. The film, which touches on sensitive issues surrounding Japanese colonialism, features "realistic combat choreography". It differs from other films in the genre for its historical and social references, especially to Japanese imperialism.[4]

Plot

Set in 1910s Shanghai, Chen Zhen returns to Jingwu School to marry his fiancée. However, he learns that his master Huo Yuanjia has died, apparently from illness, which devastates Chen. During the funeral, people from a Japanese dojo in Hongkou District arrive to taunt the Jingwu students. Wu En, translator and advisor for the Japanese dojo's grandmaster Hiroshi Suzuki (the villain of the film), taunts Chen by slapping him on the cheek several times, and dares him to fight one of Suzuki's protégés. They present a sign to Jingwu School, bearing the words "Sick Man of East Asia", seemingly to insult Huo Yuanjia, describing the Chinese as "weaklings" in comparison to the Japanese. The protégé taunts the Jingwu students to fight him and promises, "I'll eat those words if any Chinese here dare to fight and defeat me". Chen Zhen wants to retaliate, but is prevented from doing so by Fan Junxia, the most senior student in the school.

Shortly afterwards, Chen Zhen goes to the Hongkou dojo alone to return the sign. He winds up fighting the Japanese students, defeating all of them, including their sensei, single-handedly. He smashes the glass on the sign and makes the students who taunted him earlier chew up the paper bearing the derogatory words, so as to make them literally "eat their words".

Later, Chen takes a stroll to a park. A Sikh guard refuses him entry, due to a posted sign that forbids dogs and Chinese in the park. After the guard allows a foreigner to bring her pet dog into the park, a Japanese man approaches Chen and tells him that if he behaves like a dog, he will be allowed to go in. Chen beats up the man and his friends in anger. After the fight, Chen breaks the sign. The guard blows his whistle to alert the police, but the citizens who watched the whole fight help Chen to escape the park.

The Japanese students and their master retaliate by attacking Jingwu School on Suzuki's orders. After causing severe damage, the Japanese students leave. Wu, accompanying the Japanese students, warns Jingwu School to hand over Chen. Chen returns and realises that he has caused big trouble. His fellow students refuse to hand him over to the Japanese, so they make plans to help him escape from Shanghai.

That night, Chen discovers that Master Huo had all along been poisoned by Tian, the cook. Chen then sees Tian and Feng Guishi, the caretaker, talking. Chen kills Tian, followed by Feng while trying to determine why they killed Master Huo. Chen hangs Tian and Feng's bodies from a lamp post. Chen's fiancée, Yuan Li'er, finds him hiding near Huo's grave, and they share a passionate moment together. Meanwhile, Suzuki forces the local police inspector, Inspector Lo, to arrest Chen, but he eludes them. Then, while Suzuki is entertaining his visiting friend Petrov, Chen kills Wu and hangs his body from the lamp post as well.

The angry Suzuki heads to the Japanese Consulate and reports Chen, then on Tian's brother's advice sends his men to Jingwu School to kill everyone inside. That same night, Chen barges into the dojo to take his revenge, killing the students' master present, Yoshida, Petrov, and Suzuki. Chen returns to Jingwu School and finds most from Jingwu School and the Hongkou dojo dead. However, a few Jingwu students - among them Yuan, Fan Junxia, and Xu - are still alive, as they had also been searching for Chen at the grave site, acting on a tip from Yuan. Inspector Lo arrives at Jingwu to arrest Chen, who agrees to surrender himself to Lo to protect his master's legacy. Lo tells Chen that he can always trust him since he is Chinese. As they exit the school, Chen faces a line of armed Japanese soldiers and officials at the outer gate, all pointing their guns at him. Furious, Chen charges the line and makes a flying kick. The film ends on this freeze-frame shot and the sound of gun shots, implying his death and final sacrifice.

Cast
  • Bruce Lee as Chen Zhen
  • Nora Miao as Yuan Li'er (Yuan Le-erh), Chen Zhen's fiancée. The character's name is never mentioned in the film.
  • Riki Hashimoto as Hiroshi Suzuki (Nihongo: 鈴木博, Suzuki Hiroshi), the master of the Hongkou dojo
  • Robert Baker as Petrov (Russian: Петров, Petrov), a Russian gang boss and Suzuki's friend
  • Tien Feng as Fan Junxia (Fan Chun-hsia), the eldest student in Jing Wu School
  • Paul Wei as Wu En, Suzuki's translator
  • Fung Ngai as Yoshida (Nihongo: 吉田, Yoshida), the head instructor in the Hongkou dojo
  • Lo Wei as Inspector Lo, the police inspector
  • Huang Tsung Hsing as Tian, the cook in Jing Wu School
  • Han Ying-chieh as Feng Guishi (Feng Kwai-sher), the caretaker in Jing Wu School
  • James Tien as Fan Jiaqi (Fan Chia-chi), a Jing Wu student
  • Maria Yi as Yen, a female Jing Wu student
  • Jun Katsumura as Suzuki’s bodyguard
  • Lee Kwan as Xu, a Jing Wu student
  • Jackie Chan as a Jing Wu Student (Special Appearance)

Robert Baker was a student and friend of Bruce Lee's and was recommended for the role by Lee. His voice was dubbed in the Cantonese and Mandarin versions by Lee as well.

Title

Fist of Fury was accidentally released in the U.S. under the title The Chinese Connection.[3] That title was a means of tapping the popularity of another film, The French Connection (starring Gene Hackman), released in the U.S. in 1971.[3] That title was intended to be used for the U.S. release of another Bruce Lee film, The Big Boss, which also involved drug smuggling. However, the U.S. titles for Fist of Fury and The Big Boss were accidentally switched, resulting in Fist of Fury being released in the U.S. under the title The Chinese Connection until 2005, while The Big Boss was released as Fists of Fury.[5]

Recent television screenings and the current official DVD release (by 20th Century Fox, originally available in The Bruce Lee Ultimate Collection box set) in the U.S. have restored the original titles of all the films starring Bruce Lee. Fist of Fury is now officially known as Fist of Fury in the U.S.. The current DVD version also has a subtitle that reads "A.K.A. The Chinese Connection" when the Fist of Fury title appears on screen, as the source material is the Fortune Star digital remasters.

Original titleYearMistaken release title (a.k.a.[lower-alpha 1])Intended release title
The Big Boss1971Fists of FuryThe Chinese Connection
Fist of Fury1972The Chinese ConnectionFist of Fury

Dubbing

Sync sound was not widely used in Hong Kong cinema for a long time so the voices (even on the original Cantonese track) for the film were dubbed. The voice of the Russian fighter Petrov on the original Mandarin track was dubbed by Bruce Lee, with added reverb.

This film marks one of the few times that a DVD has an alternative new commentary. Media Asia UK distributor Hong Kong Legends has released this film as a "Special Collector's Edition" and a "Platinum Edition". Bey Logan recorded two alternative commentaries for both releases. The usual process with re-releases on DVD is that the commentary is passed on to the next release. Logan decided to re-record his second commentary as he wanted to give it a new light, being an avid fan of this film. The re-dubbed theme song was played by Mike Remedios. Bey Logan had previously done a commentary track for the Media Asia Megastar DVD release, which is almost word for word the same as the commentary he did for Hong Kong Legends years later. Donnie Yen did the Cantonese language commentary on the same Megastar DVD.

Release

The film was released on 22 March 1972 in Hong Kong by Golden Harvest, and first released in the United States on 7 November 1972 in New York before Lee's first major film, The Big Boss, was released there.[6]

The film was originally distributed in the U.S. by National General Pictures beginning in 1973, shortly before the release of Enter the Dragon. Columbia Pictures acquired the U.S. distribution rights to the film, after the demise of National General Pictures, in 1980 and re-released it, along with The Big Boss, as a studio-sanctioned double feature with the tagline "What's better than a Bruce Lee movie? Two Bruce Lee Movies!"

Reception

Box office

Upon its Hong Kong release, Fist of Fury grossed HK$4,431,423[7] beating the previous box office record set by Lee's The Big Boss in the previous year.[8] In the United States and Canada, the film topped the box office in June 1973,[9] and earned US$3.4 million in box office rentals by the end of 1973,[10] equivalent to an estimated box office gross revenue of approximately US$12 million.[11] Upon its July 1973 release in South Korea, the film sold 317,780 tickets in the capital city of Seoul.[12] The film was also a success in the United Kingdom, where it released on 19 July 1973, a day before Lee's death.[13]

Despite the film's portrayal of Japanese villains, the film was a success when it released in Japan on 20 July 1974, becoming the year's seventh highest-grossing film with ¥600 million in distribution rental earnings.[14][15] In France, it became the 12th highest-grossing film of 1974 (below two other Lee films in the top ten, Enter the Dragon and Way of the Dragon), with 3,013,676 ticket sales.[16] In Spain, the film sold 2,034,752 tickets.[17]

Against a tight budget of $100,000,[1] the film went on to gross an estimated US$100 million worldwide[2][18] (equivalent to approximately $610 million adjusted for inflation), earning 1,000 times its budget. It was the highest-grossing Hong Kong film up until Lee's The Way of the Dragon (1972).

Critical response

Upon release in Asia, a review for Variety magazine in November 1972 called it a "Naive Hong Kong-made meller, of little U.S. commercial appeal" despite the "charm of Lee's invincible heroics." The reviewer felt that it was an "exuberant novelty act" unlikely to find Western appeal but that Lee's "aggressive boyish charm" could "prove appealing to U.S. femmes."[9]

Upon release in North America, John Gillett of the Monthly Film Bulletin reviewed a 106 minute dubbed version of the film in May 1973.[19] Gillett commented on Bruce Lee stating that he had "somewhat rudimentary and charmless acting style (all curled lips, sinister glances and clenched fists), but he performs his main function-that of keeping the action going through a series of furious karate fights-with considerable aplomb and proves as adept with his feet as with his fists."[19] While finding the story "extremely naive" and that the "anti-Japanese bias is more rather more pronounced" while the fight sequences "are staged with tremendous vigour (and a judicious use of slow-motion)" concluding that "the production values are only moderate, with a rather uneasy fusion of studio interiors and real street locations, and the English dubbing is unusually inept."[19]

Sequels and remakes
Further information: Chen Zhen (character) § Appearances in media

The film spawned three sequels: New Fist of Fury (1976), starring Jackie Chan, followed by Fist of Fury II (1977) and Fist of Fury III (1979). The film was remade in 1994 as Fist of Legend starring Jet Li. In 1995, the film spawned the television series Fist of Fury starring Donnie Yen as Chen Zhen. Donnie Yen reprised his role as Chen Zhen in 2010 in Legend of the Fist: The Return of Chen Zhen. The film acts as a sequel to the television series.

See also

Notes
  1. also known as (a.k.a.)

References
  1. Thomas, Bruce (1994). Bruce Lee: Fighting Spirit: A Biography. Frog Books. p. 135. ISBN 978-1-883319-25-0. Like the previous film, Fist of Fury was made for $100,000.
  2. Krizanovich, Karen (2015). Infographic Guide To The Movies. Hachette UK. p. 19. ISBN 978-1-84403-762-9. Fist of Fury (1972) estimated worldwide gross $100,000,000
  3. Weiler, A. H. "The Screen: A Chinese 'Fist of Fury':Stark Tale of Revenge Opens at Pagoda Shanghai Is Setting for Kung-Fu Combats". The New York Times.
  4. Kato, M.T. (2007). From King Fu to Hip Hop: Globalization, Revolution and Popular Culture. State University of New York Press. p. 12. Retrieved 27 July 2019.
  5. "Alternate title confusion - The Big Boss (1972) - Chinese Kungfu Kaleidoscope". Cultural China. Archived from the original on 21 August 2016. Retrieved 25 June 2016.
  6. "Film reviews: Fists of Fury". Variety. 27 June 1973. p. 34.
  7. Fist of Fury - Hong Kong Film Archive database
  8. "Film Production and Financing - Golden Harvest". Orange Sky Golden Harvest. Archived from the original on 23 August 2010. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
  9. Desser, David (2002). "The Kung Fu Craze: Hong Kong Cinema's First American Reception". In Fu, Poshek; Desser, David (eds.). The Cinema of Hong Kong: History, Arts, Identity. Cambridge University Press. pp. 19-43 (22). ISBN 978-0-521-77602-8.
  10. "Big Rental Films of 1973", Variety, 9 January 1974 p 19
  11. Vogel, Harold L. (2010). "Table 3.4. Motion picture theater industry statistics, 1965-2009". Entertainment Industry Economics: A Guide for Financial Analysis. Cambridge University Press. pp. 88–9. ISBN 978-1-139-49732-9. 1970 (...) U.S. + Canadian rentals % of BO (...) 28.6
  12. "KOFIC 영화관 입장권 통합전산망". Korean Film Council (in Korean). September 2018. Retrieved 8 November 2018.
  13. Bowman, Paul (2010). Theorizing Bruce Lee: Film-fantasy-fighting-philosophy. Rodopi. p. 18. ISBN 978-90-420-2777-0.
  14. "ドラゴン怒りの鉄拳／精武門（1972）". KungFu Tube (in Japanese). 2 October 2010. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
  15. 『キネマ旬報ベスト・テン85回全史 1924-2011』（キネマ旬報社、2012年）322頁
  16. "Charts - LES ENTREES EN FRANCE". JP's Box-Office (in French). 1974. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  17. Soyer, Renaud (28 January 2013). "Bruce Lee Box Office". Box Office Story (in French). Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  18. Waugh, Darin, ed. (1978). "British Newspaper Clippings – Showtalk: The King Lives". Bruce Lee Eve: The Robert Blakeman Bruce Lee Memorabilia Collection Logbook, and Associates of Bruce Lee Eve Newsletters. Kiazen Publications. ISBN 978-1-4583-1893-0. Lee first found success in The Big Boss and followed that with Fist of Fury and Enter the Dragon which grossed an outstanding 100,000,000 dollars and firmly established itself as one of the world's all-time top films in commercial terms. Lee went on to top this with The Way of the Dragon and the cameras had barely stopped rolling when he began what was to be his final film Game of Death. (...) Now director Robert Clouse has completed Game of Death.
  19. Gillet, John (May 1973). "Fist of Fury". Monthly Film Bulletin. Vol. 40 no. 472. British Film Institute. p. 96.

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