European Solidarity

European Solidarity (Ukrainian: Європейська солідарність, Yevropeys'ka Solidarnist' ) is a political party in Ukraine. It has its roots in a parliamentary group called Solidarity dating from 2000[10] and has existed since in various forms as a political outlet for Petro Poroshenko.

European Solidarity

Європейська солідарність
LeaderPetro Poroshenko
Founded5 May 2000
Split fromSocial Democratic Party of Ukraine (united)
HeadquartersKiev
Membership (2020)"tens of thousands"[nb 1]
IdeologyLiberal conservatism[2][3]
Christian democracy[3]
Liberalism[4]
Civic nationalism[5][6]
Pro-Europeanism[3]
Formerly:
Social democracy[3]
Political positionCentre-right[3]
European affiliationEuropean People's Party (observer)[7]
Colours     Blue
     Yellow
SloganTime to Unite
Verkhovna Rada[8]
27 / 450
Regions (2015)[9]
8,804 / 158,399
Website
eurosolidarity.org

The party with its then name Petro Poroshenko Bloc won 132 of the 423 contested seats in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election, more than any other party.[11][12]

In August 2015, the Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform merged into the party.[13] But in May 2019, UDAR undid this merge.[14]

In October 2017, the party had about 30,000 members; former members of Party of Regions are denied membership.[15]

In the 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election, the party won 23 seats on the nationwide party list and 2 constituency seats.[16]

History

Solidarity (2000–2013)

The party started in 2000 as a parliamentary faction called "Solidarity",[10] set up by Petro Poroshenko, until then a member of the Social Democratic Party of Ukraine (united) faction.[17][18] Taras Kuzio claims that this happened with the help of then President Kuchma, who allegedly wanted to limit the influence of the SDPU(u).[17] Many deputies elected in 1998 for the Peasant Party of Ukraine and Hromada joined the new parliamentary faction.[17][19] Based on his parliamentary faction Poroshenko eventually established the Party of Ukraine's Solidarity.[19][20] In 2000 that party merged into what would become the Party of Regions (later to become for a period the biggest party of Ukraine[21]) and Poroshenko became a Party of Regions deputy.[19]

In 2001, Poroshenko expressed interest in the creation of the Our Ukraine Bloc.[19] However, in order to receive quote in Our Ukraine he had to join the bloc with his whole party.[19][22] The Party of Ukraine's Solidarity failed to break away from the Party of Regions, therefore Poroshenko decided to create a new phantom party with a similar name, the party "Solidarity".[19] At the 2002 parliamentary elections Solidarity was able to join Our Ukraine.[23] Top party members who received a parliamentary mandate on party list of the Our Ukraine electoral bloc in 2002 were Volodymyr Plyutynsky, Volodymyr Makeyenko, Eduard Matviychuk, Anatoliy Korchynsky, while a single constituency in Vinnytsia Oblast was won by Petro Poroshenko.

After 2002, Solidarity stopped participating in elections.[10][24] In 2004, the party left Our Ukraine, and was represented by 23 deputies in the Verkhovna Rada (the forming of new factions whose parties were not directly elected into parliament was not unique in Ukraine at the time.)[25] In March 2013 the Ministry of Justice asked the Central Election Commission of Ukraine for evidence that Solidarity had not been involved in elections since 2003.[19]

On 17 June 2013, Fatherland member of parliament Yuriy Stets became head of the party.[22] Stets was a member of the united opposition's political council.[22]

On 16 October 2013, a court cancelled the registration certificate of Solidarity.[19] The party could have challenged this on appeal, but did not[19] and was legally eliminated on 31 December 2013 "due to lack of reporting".[26] and because for more than 10 years had not participated in any election.[19]

Petro Poroshenko Bloc (2014–2019)
Petro Poroshenko Bloc logo

Early in 2014 Poroshenko became leader of the National Alliance of freedom and Ukrainian patriotism "OFFENSIVE", which was renamed "All-Ukrainian Union Solidarity".[19][26] By doing so, Poroshenko de facto prolonged the life of Solidarity and de facto merged the National Alliance of freedom and Ukrainian patriotism "OFFENSIVE" into Solidarity[19][26] (legally the original party "Solidarity" does not exist anymore[19][26]). National Alliance of freedom and Ukrainian patriotism "OFFENSIVE" was registered in May 2000 under the name All-Ukrainian Party of Peace and Unity (Ukrainian: Всеукраїнська партія миру i єдності, HPEM). It was not allowed to participate in the electoral alliance "Rainbow" in the Ukrainian 2002 parliamentary elections.[27] In the 2006 elections, the party failed as part of the electoral alliance Yuriy Karmazin Bloc to win parliamentary representation.[27] In the 2007 elections, the party failed again as part of the All-Ukrainian Community to win parliamentary representation.[27] After this election (the party) "All-Ukrainian Party of Peace and Unity" was renamed National Alliance of Freedom and Ukrainian patriotism "OFFENSIVE".[28] National Alliance of freedom and Ukrainian patriotism "OFFENSIVE" did not participate in the 2012 parliamentary elections.[29]

In May and June 2014, Ukrayinska Pravda characterised the party ("All-Ukrainian Union Solidarity") as "a myth with no website, unknown phone numbers and non existing addresses".[19][26] At the 2014 presidential election, Poroshenko was elected President of Ukraine.[30][31][32][33][34]

During a 27 August 2014 party congress, the "All-Ukrainian Union Solidarity" changed its name to "Bloc of Petro Poroshenko" (Ukrainian: Блок Петра Порошенка, Blok Petra Poroshenka), [35] and elected the former Minister of Internal Affairs, Yuriy Lutsenko, as the new leader of the party.[35]

On 2 September, Vitali Klitschko, then parliamentary leader of the Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform, stated that since his party and the Petro Poroshenko Bloc had agreed to joint participation in parliamentary elections on 29 March 2014, the two parties were in discussion about running a joint list at the October 26 parliamentary election.[36] On 15 September it became clear that 30% of the Petro Poroshenko Bloc election list would be filled by members of UDAR and that UDAR leader Klitschko was at the top of this list, Klitschko vowed not to resign as incumbent Mayor of Kiev.[37] According to political scientist Tadeusz A. Olszański (in mid-September 2014) this deal with UDAR "enables it to use that party's large-scale structures, which the Poroshenko Bloc itself lacks".[38]

Party support (% of the votes cast) in different regions of Ukraine (in the 2014 parliamentary election).

The party won the parliamentary election with 132 seats, beating the runner-up People's Front, who won 82 seats.[12] People's Front was first in the nationwide party vote (22.14% against 21.81%) but the party won 69 constituency seats while People's Front won only 18.[12] On 27 November 2014, the party formed a parliamentary faction of 145 people (at the opening session of the new parliament).[39]

Top 10 politicians on the party list to the Ukrainian parliament: 1. Vitaliy Klychko, 2. Yuriy Lutsenko, 3. Olha Bohomolets, 4. Volodymyr Hroysman, 5. Mustafa Dzhemilev, 6. Yuliy Mamchur, 7. Maria Matios, 8. Mykola Tomenko, 9. Iryna Herashchenko, 10. Vitaliy Kovalchuk.

On 21 November 2014 the party became a member of the coalition supporting the current second Yatsenyuk government and endorsed nine new ministers for the government.[40][41]

In March 2015, "Solidarity" was added to the name "Bloc of Petro Poroshenko". On 28 August 2015 UDAR and Petro Poroshenko Bloc officially merged into Petro Poroshenko Bloc.[13] UDAR party leader Vitali Klitschko became so the new party leader.[13]

The party was one of the winners of the 2015 Ukrainian local elections.[42] It did well in West and central Ukraine and Kherson Oblast region.[43][44]

According to Ukrainian media research of February 2016 22% of the parties' representatives in regional councils and 12% of the parties' parliamentary deputies were former members of the Party of Regions.[45]

Following the fall of the second Yatsenyuk government, the party joined the coalition that supports the 14 April 2016 installed Groysman Government.[46] In the weeks prior to this 11 MPs had switched to the faction making forming the coalition possible.[47][48]

Klitschko resigned as Petro Poroshenko Bloc chairman (on 26 May) after a new law barring him as head of the Kiev City State Administration to be chairman or a member of a political party took effect on 1 May 2016.[49]

On 18 May 2019 Klitschko announced that UDAR would take part in the 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election autonomously.[14]

European Solidarity (from 2019)
Results of the 2019 elections

The party changed its name to its current form on 24 May 2019.[50] According to party leader Poroshenko this had to be done in order to bring in a new leadership of the party and to win the 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election.[51]

Top 10 politicians on the party list to the Ukrainian parliament in these elections were 1. Petro Poroshenko, 2. Andriy Parubiy, 3. Iryna Herashchenko, 4. Mykhailo Zabrodskyi, 5. Sofia Fedyna, 6. Mustafa Dzhemilev, 7. Yana Zinkevych, 8. Oleh Synyutka, 9. Akhtem Chyihoz, 10. Ivanna Klympush-Tsintsadze.[52]

In the 2019 parliamentary election, European Solidarity scored badly, dropping to 8,10% of votes and electing 23 MPs (37% of which were women[53]) on the nationwide party list and winning 2 constituency seats.[16] The party voted against the confidence vote in the new Honcharuk Government.

In June 2020 former Secretary of the National Security and Defense Council during Poroshenko's presidency Oleksandr Turchynov became head of the 2020 Ukrainian local elections headquarters of the party.[54]

Ideology and positions

The party officially decries populism and advocates for pragmatism and realism.[55] According to Oleg Varfolomeyev of the Eurasia Daily Monitor the party is a liberal party (and UDAR was as well).[56] According to Bohdan Butkevych of The Ukrainian Week, the party does not have an ideological unity.[57] Due to the fact the party was created shortly before the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election and then its "party list was drawn up by taking almost anyone who was ready and willing to invest their own resources".[57] Hence its parliamentary faction consists of people who "have very different interests, methods of getting into parliament and plans".[57] (Hence) the party's MPs tend not to vote alike.[57]

The party broadly reflects Poroshenko's ideology. On 27 August 2014 newly elected party leader Yuriy Lutsenko stated that the Petro Poroshenko Bloc should help Poroshenko implement his election promises.[58] Official party positions include:[55]

  • Open list elections
  • Decentralization
  • Creating a public television network
  • Bringing attention to the plight of the Crimean Tatars
  • Ensuring language rights for Russian speakers while maintaining Ukrainian as the sole official language
  • Membership of Ukraine in the European Union
  • Welfare and social protection for poor citizens
  • Law enforcement reform and creation of an independent judiciary
  • Ending corruption
  • Ensuring Ukraine's territorial integrity
  • Energy independence for Ukraine
  • Abolishing the immunity of senior officials[59]
  • Privatizing all Ukrainian coal mines and liquidate or mothball all mines that cannot be privatized, with social support for the workers of the liquidated or mothballed mines and the population of these territories[60]
  • Legislation to restrict religions whose leadership reside in aggressor states, e.g. Russia.[61]

As to the War in Donbass, the party advocates an end to the conflict by peaceful means.[38]

Party leaders
Solidarity
DateParty leader
2001–2001Mykhailo Antonyuk
2001–2002Petro Poroshenko[62]
2013Yuriy Stets[22]
All-Ukrainian Party of Peace and Unity/National Alliance of freedom and Ukrainian patriotism "OFFENSIVE"
DateParty leader
2000–????Lyudmyla Yankovska[27]
2013–????Ivanenko Yuriyovych, Sekel Mikhailovich, Yuri Khorlikov
Petro Poroshenko Bloc
DateParty leader
2014–2015Yuriy Lutsenko
2015–2019Vitali Klitschko
European Solidarity
DateParty leader
since 2019Petro Poroshenko

Election results

Election results for Solidarity, All-Ukrainian Party of Peace and Unity, Petro Poroshenko Bloc and European Solidarity political party.

Verkhovna Rada
Solidarity
Year Popular vote % of popular vote Overall seats won Seat change Government
2002 Our Ukraine
5 / 450
 5 Opposition
All-Ukrainian Party of Peace and Unity
Year Popular vote % of popular vote Overall seats won Seat change Government
2006 Yuriy Karmazin Bloc
0 / 450
 0 Extra-parliamentary
2007 All-Ukrainian Community
0 / 450
 0 Extra-parliamentary
Petro Poroshenko Bloc
Year Popular vote % of popular vote Overall seats won Seat change Government
2014 3,433,336 21.83%
132 / 450
 132 Coalition government
European Solidarity
Year Popular vote % of popular vote Overall seats won Seat change Government
2019 1,184,515 8.10%
25 / 450
 107 Opposition

Presidential elections
Election year Candidate # of 1st round votes % of 1st round vote # of 2nd round votes % of 2nd round vote Won/Loss
2014 Petro Poroshenko 9,857,308 54.70 Won
2019 Petro Poroshenko 3,014,609 15.95 4,512,562 24.46 Loss

Notes
  1. According to the party.[1]

References
  1. (in Ukrainian) Non-partisan Ukraine, The Ukrainian Week (24 June 2020)
  2. Nordsieck, Wolfram (2019). "Ukraine". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
  3. "European Solidarity". Liga (in Ukrainian). 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  4. (in German) Kiew in der Hand der „Diener des Volkes“, Schwäbische Post (23 July 2019)
  5. Ragozin, Leonid (9 April 2019). "Why ethnopolitics doesn't work in Ukraine". Al-Jazeera. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  6. Korniienko, Artur (9 June 2019). "Poroshenko's European Solidarity party presents candidates for parliament". Kyiv Post. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  7. "EPP Political Assembly remains committed to Spitzenkandidat process; welcomes new Ukrainian parties". epp.eu. 4 June 2019. Retrieved 4 June 2019.
  8. Депутатські фракції і групи VIII скликання: Назва депутатської фракції чи групи [Deputation factions and groups of the VIII convening: Name of the deputation faction or group] (in Ukrainian). Verkhovna Rada official website. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
  9. Кандидати, яких обрано депутатами рад [Candidates returned as deputies of the Councils]. www.cvk.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). 15 November 2015. Archived from the original on 21 November 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  10. "Партія "Солідарність"". ASD-inform Украина. Archived from the original on August 18, 2016.
  11. Ian Bateson; Olena Goncharova; Kyiv Post staff (29 October 2014). "Poroshenko and Yatsenyuk's parties maneuver for lead role in coalition". Kyiv Post. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
    "New Verkhovna Rada". Kyiv Post. 30 October 2014. Archived from the original on 31 October 2014.
  12. "Poroshenko Bloc to have greatest number of seats in parliament". Ukrinform. 8 November 2014. Archived from the original on 9 January 2016. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
    "People's Front 0.33% ahead of Poroshenko Bloc with all ballots counted in Ukraine elections - CEC". Interfax-Ukraine. 8 November 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
    "Poroshenko Bloc to get 132 seats in parliament - CEC". Interfax-Ukraine. 8 November 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
  13. "Klitschko becomes leader of Petro Poroshenko Bloc 'Solidarity' party". Interfax-Ukraine. 28 August 2015. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
  14. (in Ukrainian) Klitschko said that UDAR will go to the polls, Ukrayinska Pravda (May 18, 2019)
  15. "Headless party power. What happens to the BPP?". Glavcom (in Ukrainian). 10 October 2017. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
  16. CEC counts 100 percent of vote in Ukraine's parliamentary elections, Ukrinform (26 July 2019)
    (in Russian) Results of the extraordinary elections of the People's Deputies of Ukraine 2019, Ukrayinska Pravda (21 July 2019)
  17. Ukrainian Political Update Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine by Taras Kuzio and Alex Frishberg, Frishberg & Partners, 21 February 2008 (page 22)
  18. Chocolate tycoon heads for landslide victory in Ukraine presidential election Archived June 9, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, The Guardian (23 May 2014)
    The Return of the Prodigal Son, Who Never Left Home Archived October 30, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, The Ukrainian Week (30 March 2012)
    Who will lead Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) and where? Archived February 28, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, Den (27 February 2014)
  19. (in Ukrainian) Poroshenko goes to work Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Ukrayinska Pravda (6 June 2014)
  20. "New "region" formed in Ukrainian Parliament" (PDF). Central European University. 26 March 2001. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
  21. After the parliamentary elections in Ukraine: a tough victory for the Party of Regions Archived March 26, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Centre for Eastern Studies (7 November 2012)
  22. United Twice Archived March 16, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, The Ukrainian Week (2 July 2013)
  23. Communist and Post-Communist Parties in Europe Archived January 7, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2008, ISBN 3-525-36912-3 (page 391)
  24. (in Ukrainian) Results of voting in single constituencies in 2012 & Nationwide list, Central Election Commission of Ukraine
  25. Ukraine Political Parties, GlobalSecurity.org (Archived from the original on 17 November 2014)
  26. (in Ukrainian) Poroshenko and void Archived May 14, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Ukrayinska Pravda (16 May 2014)
  27. (in Ukrainian) Всеукраїнська партія Миру і Єдності, DATA
  28. (in Ukrainian) BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT POLITICAL PARTIES IN UKRAINE Archived 2014-10-06 at the Wayback Machine, Central Election Commission of Ukraine
  29. (in Ukrainian) Results of voting in single constituencies in 2012 Archived 2012-12-28 at Archive.today & Nationwide list Archived 2012-12-22 at Archive.today, Central Election Commission of Ukraine
  30. "Ukraine talks set to open without pro-Russian separatists". The Washington Post. 14 May 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  31. "Ukraine elections: Runners and risks". BBC News Online. 22 May 2014. Archived from the original on 27 May 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  32. "Q&A: Ukraine presidential election". BBC News. 7 February 2010. Archived from the original on 29 April 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  33. "Poroshenko wins presidential election with 54.7% of vote — CEC". Radio Ukraine International. 29 May 2014. Archived from the original on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
    Внеочередные выборы Президента Украины [Results election of Ukrainian president]. telegraf.com.ua (in Russian). 29 May 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  34. "New Ukrainian president will be elected for 5-year term – Constitutional Court". Interfax-Ukraine. 16 May 2014. Archived from the original on 17 May 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  35. Poroshenko wants coalition to be formed before parliamentary elections Archived July 3, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, Interfax-Ukraine (27 August 2014)
    Solidarity Party to be renamed Bloc of Petro Poroshenko – congress Archived August 31, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, Interfax-Ukraine (27 August 2014)
  36. (in Ukrainian) Block Poroshenko and kick off to the polls together, TVi (2 September 2014)
  37. (in Russian) Pilots, combat, and journalists. Who goes to the new Verkhovna Rada Archived June 17, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Korrespondent.net (September 15, 2014)
    Klitschko: I lead my team to Parliament, UDAR official website (14.09.2014)
    Deadline for nomination of candidates running in early election to Rada expires Archived March 5, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, ITAR-TASS (September 15, 2014)
  38. Tadeusz A. Olszański (17 September 2014). "Ukraine's political parties at the start of the election campaign". Centre for Eastern Studies (OSW). Retrieved 5 November 2015.
  39. (in Ukrainian) In Parliament created a faction Archived September 13, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Ukrayinska Pravda (27 November 2014)
  40. "Rada supports coalition-proposed government lineup". Interfax-Ukraine. 2 December 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
    Kyiv Post staff writers; Oksana Grytsenko (2 December 2014). "Rada approves new Cabinet with three foreigners". Kyiv Post. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
    Рада проголосувала новий кабмін [Rada voted in a new cabinet]. Ukrayinska Pravda (in Ukrainian). 2 December 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
  41. "Five political forces sign coalition agreement". Interfax-Ukraine. 21 November 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
    "Ukraine's parliamentary parties initial coalition agreement". Interfax-Ukraine. 21 November 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
  42. Poroshenko Bloc, Batkivschyna, Nash Kray get largest number of seats in local councils – Ukrainian Voters Committee Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Interfax-Ukraine (12 November 2015)
  43. Why a 'Star Wars' Emperor Won Office in Ukraine Archived April 14, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Bloomberg News (26 October 2015)
    Exit Polls Show Ukraine Divided For, Against Poroshenko Rule Archived December 30, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (27 October 2015)
    After Ukraine’s Local Elections: Early Misinterpretations Archived September 13, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Carnegie Europe (27 October 2015)
    Poroshenko hobbles on Archived August 6, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Politico Europe (26 October 2015)
    Week’s milestones. Elections to be continued, blackmail in Minsk, and emotional lustration Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, UNIAN (27 October 2015)
  44. "www.cvk.gov.ua". Archived from the original on November 21, 2015.
  45. (in Ukrainian) Media: the BPP 22% of the members of regional councils and 12% of MPs - ex- "Regions" Archived May 20, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Ukrayinska Pravda (February 7, 2016)
  46. "Ukraine MPs approve Volodymyr Groysman as new PM". BBC News. 14 April 2016. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
    New Cabinet formed in Ukraine Archived October 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, UNIAN (14 April 2016)
    Week’s balance: PM Groysman, Rada’s sabotage, and disappointing IMF forecast, UNIAN (18 April 2016)
    (in Ukrainian) Spring transplantation: Prime Groisman and without a coalition Cabinet Archived October 6, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Ukrayinska Pravda (14 April 2016)
  47. Ukraine: Lawmakers end session without new PM vote Archived April 12, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, BBC News (12 April 2016)
  48. All In The Family: The Sequel Archived November 29, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Kyiv Post (7 October 2016)
  49. "Klitschko resigns as BPP Solidarnist chairman". Archived from the original on 2016-08-07. Retrieved 2016-06-25.
  50. "Petro Poroshenko Bloc Renames As European Solidarity | Ukrainian news".
  51. "Партія Порошенка змінила назву". Українська правда.
  52. "Десятка партії Порошенка: Парубій, Геращенко, Джемілєв". Українська правда.
  53. (in Ukrainian) The new Council has increased the number of women deputies, Ukrayinska Pravda (23 July 2019)
  54. (in Ukrainian) Turchynov will head the Eurosolidarity headquarters and will look for effective managers, Ukrayinska Pravda (30 June 2020)
  55. "ПРОГРАМА ПАРТІЇ".
  56. Oleg Varfolomeyev (18 September 2015). "Ukraine's pro-government parties join forces ahead of local elections". Ukrainian Weekly. Eurasia Daily Monitor. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
  57. Petro Poroshenko Bloc: fragmentation Archived May 28, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, The Ukrainian Week (8 March 2016)
  58. (in Ukrainian) Poroshenko will be honorary leader of "Solidarity" party can head Lutsenko Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Ukrayinska Pravda (27 August 2014)
  59. Poroshenko Block ready to vote for scrapping presidential immunity - Lutsenko Archived August 6, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Interfax-Ukraine (27.10.2014)
  60. Bloc of Petro Poroshenko proposes privatization of mines, exchange trading in coal be fixed in coalition agreement Archived August 6, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Interfax-Ukraine (29 October 2014)
  61. "Ukrainian legislation about religion will finalize divorce between Kyiv and Moscow". 19 May 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
    "Russian church leader asks UN, Pope to intervene with Kiev over 'discriminatory' religious laws". 17 May 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  62. Party Solidarnist at the Political compass of a electorate
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.