Enel Green Power

Enel Green Power S.p.A. is an Italian multinational renewable energy corporation, headquartered in Rome. The company was formed as a subsidiary of the power generation firm Enel in December 2008, grouping its global renewable energy interests. Enel Green Power had operations in over 27 countries across the five continents. It generates energy from hydropower, wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass sources.

Enel Green Power S.p.A.
Società per azioni
IndustryEnergy
FoundedDecember 2008
HeadquartersRome, Italy
Key people
  • Michele Crisostomo [1] (chairman)
  • Antonio Cammisecra (CEO)
ProductsWind power, solar energy, geothermal energy, hydroelectricity, biomass
Number of employees
7,000 (2018)
ParentEnel
Websitewww.enelgreenpower.com

It currently manages a capacity of around 46 GW and has over 1200 plants worldwide.[2]

The business of Enel Green Power, through the production of renewable energy, is aimed at promoting susatainable development of the nations and supporting companies in their path of susatainability through a solid and lasting partnership model that it takes the form of a Power Purchase Agreement.

History

Enel Green Power was founded on 1 December 2008 to concentrate all of Enel's activities in the production of renewable energy. At the time of its establishment, Enel was the largest European company in the field of renewable energy both in terms of installed capacity and international presence.[3] Following its foundation, the activities of the renewable energy branch which had until then held by Enel Produzione SpA in Italy, and those belonging to Enel Investment Holding abroad (Enel Latin America BV, Erelis Enel, Endesa), have been gradually transferred to Enel Green Power.[3]

In November 2010, following Enel's acquisition of Endesa (June 2009), the company made an initial public offering of 30.8% of Enel Green Power in the Italian Stock Exchange and the Bolsa de Madrid, earning the company €2.6 billion. It was the largest initial public offering in Europe since that of Iberdrola Renovables in December 2007.[4] In Italy and Spain, the IPO of Enel Green Power was handled by PricewaterhouseCoopers and involved about 340 thousand investors, generating a demand of about 1,260 million shares (of which 520 million subscribed of institutional investors).[5]

Enel Green Power has expanded with wind power throughout American Content between 2011 and 2012. The first of a long series of wind-powered installations opens in Brazil, in the state of Bahia (30 MW managed by Cristal) [6], but also in the United States of Oklahoma (Rocky Ridge with 150 MW) [7] and Kansas (Caney River with 200 MW) [8]. In 2012, the 85 MW Palo Viejo hydroelectric power plant was inaugurated in Guatemala[9].

At the end of September 2011, the company's total worldwide installed capacity was 6,490 MW, which it intended to increase to 10,400 MW by 2015. In 2014, the company was presented with a European Solar Prize by Eurosolar.[10]

A new model based on sustainability was established between 2013 and 2015 in Enel Green Power. The "Creating Shared Value" (CSV), developed in 2011 by Mark Porter and Mark Kramer, establishes that sustainability is the way forward in every choice and it defines a strategic approach in the areas of conception, design, construction and management of the plants. Each of these phases is characterized by particular attention to environmental protection, the rational use of resources, the promotion of health and safety at work, the circular economy and the creation of new development opportunities for local communities [11] .

Enel Green Power is located in 23 countries, managing 11 GW of installed capacity and generating 33.6 TWh of energy, by the end of 2015.

The search for sustainability has also become a priority for the United Nations Assembly, which in 2016 launched the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to be reached by 2030. Enel Green Power, which in the years 2016 - 2018 achieved world leadership in the renewable energy sector, answers the invitation of the UN and integrates the SDGs objectives into its industrial strategy, committing itself to achieving those relating to quality of education (SDG 4) , clean and economically accessible energy (SDG 7), dignity of work and economic growth (SDG 8), fight against climate change (SDG 13). Examples are the projects born alongside the construction of the power plants in South Africa, Ethiopia (100 MW Metehara) [12], and Australia (Bungala Solar) [13] and South America: in Peru, with the entry into operation of the Wayra I wind farm[14] and the launch of the Rubì solar plant[15], in Guatemala, where the El Canadà hydroelectric power station in Mexico is located, the "lindo sky" allows EGP to connect to the grid over 1 GW of new photovoltaic power, in Mexico with the construction of wind farms of Amistad (220 MW), Amistad II (100 MW) and Salitrillos (103 MW) [16]. The country of Central America is also an example of the application of the "Build, Sell, Operate" model, which allows Enel to reduce debt and generate value, while maintaining the operational management of the plants.

The growth targets for the following years are mainly concentrated in mature markets where EGP is already present and in new key markets with incredible renewable potential, such as Canada, Australia and India.

Operations

Enel Green Power is engaged in the production of electricity from renewable sources at a global level: in October 2018, with 1239 active power plants, it is present in 5 continents (Europe, North America, South America, Africa, Asia). The production mix includes geothermal energy, hydropower, solar energy, biomass, and wind power, with a total production capacity of 9,789 MW.[17]

Electricity production

Enel Green Power has a total 9.9 GW of wind power capacity, representing 23,1% of the total capacity; hydroelectric capacity was 28.1 GW (65,6% of the total); geothermal power 0.9 GW (2.1% of the total); solar power 3.9 GW (9.1% of the total); and electricity from biomass 0.06 GW (0.1% of the total).

Summary table for the production of electricity in TWh
Country Wind Power Hydropower Geothermal Solar Energy Biomass and other Total
Italy 1.19 14.02 5.76 0.02 0.11 21.10
Iberia 3.35 5.04 - 0.03 0.00 8.42
Latin America 3.66 33.60 0.06 1.58 - 38.90
Argentina - 1.91 - - - 1.91
Brazil 1.81 2.94 - 0.47 - 5.23
Chile 1.70 10.14 0.06 1.04 - 12.94
Colombia - 14.59 - - - 14.59
Peru - 4.02 - 0.06 - 4.08
Uruguay 0.15 - - - - 0.15
Others 0.15 - - - - 0.15
Europe and North Africa 1.81 0.02 - 0.17 - 2.01
Romania 1.31 - - 0.04 - 1.36
Russia - - - - - -
Slovakia - - - - - -
France - - - - - -
Belgium - - - - - -
Greece 0.40 0.02 - 0.13 - 0.55
Bulgaria 0.10 - - - - 0.10
North / Central America 6.92 2.68 - 0.19 - 9.79
Mexico 1.81 0.22 - 0.00 - 2.02
Panama - 1.47 - 0.06 - 1.53
United States 4.88 0.07 - 0.13 - 5.08
Canada 0.23 - - - - 0.23
Guatemala - 0.61 - - - 0.61
Costa Rica - 0.32 - - - 0.32
Others 0.23 0.93 - - - 1.16
Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia 0.89 - - 0.59 - 1.48
South Africa 0.57 - - 0.59 - 1.16
India 0.33 - - - - 0.33
Enel Group Total 17.83 55.36 5.82 2.58 0.11 81.70

Technology

Geothermal

Enel Green Power runs 35 geothermal power plants in Tuscany, with a total capacity of about 776,2 MW, that are able meet more than 30% of the regional consumption.[18][19] Amongst those, the plant of Larderello, built in 1904, is currently one of the largest in the world.[20][21][22]

In the United States Enel Green Power operates three power plants, one of which is a solar-geothermal hybrid. Two of them are located in Churchill County, Nevada, and one is near Cove Fort, Utah.[23][24][25]

In Chile the company is finalizing Cerro Pabellon being first commercial geothermal power plant of South America and the highest worldwide at 4500 m a.s.l.[26].

Geothermal-biomass hybrid

Enel Green Power brought online in 2015 Cornia 2, in Castelnuovo Val di Cecina, Pisa (Tuscany). Cornia 2 is the world's first geothermal-biomass hybrid plant, where the biomass, which comes from agriculture and related activities within 70 km from the plant itself, contribute to heat the geothermal steam up to over double its usual temperature (from 150–160 °C to 370–380 °C), thus increasing the electricity production capacity by 5 MW on top of the current 13 MW.[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]

Solar-geothermal hybrid

Enel Green Power has designed and built the first solar-geothermal hybrid plant, that combines the two sources of energy thus increasing the electricity production capacity. The first power plant of this kind, the Stillwater site, is located in Fallon, Nevada (USA), and has received $40 million in tax relief under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act.[36][37]

In the first half of 2014 work began to integrate a solar thermal power plant to the structure, which will add an additional capacity of 26 MW to the current net capacity of 33 MW.[38][39][40]

In the second half of 2014, Enel Green Power has partnered with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the Idaho National Laboratory (INL), under the supervision of the US Department of Geothermal Technologies Office (GTO), via a cooperative research and development agreement, in order to use the data of the Stillwater plant to further develop the technology.[41][42]

Solar thermal and concentrated solar power (CSP)

The company also operates in the solar thermal and concentrated solar power (CSP), participating in research and development activities along with ENEA. Based on the studies of Nobel laureate Carlo Rubbia, in 2010 Enel Green Power built the Archimede combined cycle power plant in Priolo Gargallo in Sicily, with a total capacity of 5 MW. In the plant, parabolic mirrors focus the sun's heat on a fluid of molten salts that reaches temperatures of over 500 °C/932 °F and is able to retain heat for several hours, turning water into steam that then activates the traditional steam turbines system to produce electricity. The objective is to increase the efficiency of this type of plants so as to make them competitive compared to other sources.[43][44][45][46][47][48][49]

Hydropower

In Panama, the company runs the plants of Fortuna, in Chiriquí, which produces 300 MW and covers about 25% of the entire national production of electricity. The plant is located in the Fortuna Forest Reserve.

Wind power

Enel Green Power's experience with wind power dates back to 1984, when Enel built the first Italian wind farm in Sardinia. In October 2008, in Kansas, US, the Smoky Hills Wind Farm, with a capacity of 250 MW, came into service, while in January 2008 in Snyder, Texas, Enel Green Power completed the installation of 21 wind turbines of 3 MW each.

Wind-solar hybrid and cogeneration

In 2014, in Ollagüe, Chile, Enel Green Power began the construction of a mini hybrid solar-wind cogeneration plant for the production of both electricity and hot water, which runs independently from the national electricity system and is able to meet the average need of 150 families with an average capacity of 232 kW.

Marine energy

At the end of 2014, Enel Green Power and DCNS were appointed by CORFO (Corporación de Fomento de la Producción) in Chile to research and develop new technologies for the use of marine energy. The Marine Energy Research and Innovation Centre (MERIC) was built to carry out the assignment.

International presence

Europe

Italy

More than half of Enel Green Power's plants are located in Italy, for a net installed capacity of around 14,321 MW. The production mix includes geothermal power, hydroelectricity, wind power, solar power and biomass power.

Enel Green Power is also a leader in geothermal, with 35 power plants located in Tuscany, representing a capacity of 728 MW and providing an annual production of over 6 billion kWh. The company is a world reference for this technology. It initiated its first center in the area of Larderello in Tuscany, as early as the beginning of last century.

Wind energy has had the greatest growth in Italy since the beginning of the 21st century, including ENEL facilities.

In the field of solar energy, Enel Green Power developed the franchisee model in Italy of Enel Green Power Retail. In addition, a thin-film photovoltaic panels factory was inaugurated in 2011 in Catania, through a joint venture with Sharp and STMicroelectronics. The generation of electricity from solar energy is coming from 67 MW installed in 2011, (data as of the end of September).

Iberian peninsula

Enel Green Power has facilities in the Iberian Peninsula thorough a total installed capacity of 6,293 MW and 120 plants. This presence is the result of the integration of renewable energy activities of Enel and Endesa. The wind technology, with about 79 plants, has a net installed capacity of 1,646MW. The production mix includes hydroelectric energy with about 139 plants for 4633 MW, solar with 5 plants for 13 MW, and biomass with 1 plant representing 0.5 MW.

Eastern Europe

Enel Green Power has substantial presence in Romania: it has 8 operating wind farms with an installed capacity of 499 MW and 4 photovoltaic plants with a capacity of 36 MW. Enel Green Power is also present in Bulgaria with two wind farms representing 42 MW.

Greece

Enel Green Power is present in Greece, with 18 wind farms for a net installed capacity of 200 MW, 5 hydroelectric plants for 19 MW and 28 photovoltaic plants for 88 MW.

North America

In North America, Enel Green Power has an overall capacity of 2,316 MW across four technologies. In the United States Enel Green Power owns 51 hydroelectric plants (191 MW of managed capacity), 25 wind farms (1814 MW of managed capacity), 22 photovoltaic plants (175 MW of managed capacity) and 3 geothermal plants (33 MW of managed capacity). In Canada it has 2 wind farms (103 MW of managed capacity).

Latin America
European Southern Observatory (ESO) and Enel Green Power officials at the entry into service of the La Silla Observatory photovoltaic power station in northern Chile.[50]

Enel Green Power has a presence in Central and South America with 152 plants spread across Mexico, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Argentine, Colombia, Peru, Panama, Chile and Brazil. Enel Green Power currently has 16 plants in Mexico, with a managed capacity of 1592 MW and a production mix that includes hydroelectric, wind and solar energy. In Costa Rica, EGP has 4 hydroelectric plants with a managed capacity of 81 MW. EGP is present in Guatemala with 5 plants and a managed capacity of 1592 MW, including wind, hydroelectric and solar energy. In Panama, EGP has 7 plants, divided between hydroelectric and solar, with a managed capacity of 354 MW. EGP also produces green energy in Chile, with 39 plants divided between wind farms, hydroelectric, solar and geothermal. The total managed capacity is 4873 MW. In Brazil, EGP has 56 plants and a managed capacity of 2530 MW, coming from wind, hydroelectric and solar energy. In Argentina, EGP has 2 hydroelectric plants and a managed capacity of 1328 MW. In Colombia, EGP has 13 plants, a managed capacity of 3075 MW and a production combination that includes hydroelectric and solar energy. In Peru, EGP has 10 plants and a managed capacity of 1220 MW, coming from wind, hydroelectric and solar energy.

Power purchase agreements (PPAs)

The core business of Enel Green Power consists of the sale of renewable energy generated by its plants to commercial and industrial customers. To build long-term partnerships with companies around the world, Enel Green Power uses power purchase agreements (PPAs): long-term energy supply agreements through which EGP develops tailor-made projects for each company. Each contract is outlined together with the customer in such a way as to respond to his needs and at the same time comply with current legislation.[51]

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