Dendrobatinae

Dendrobatinae is the main subfamily of frogs in the family Dendrobatidae, the poison dart frogs of Central and South America, found from Nicaragua to the Amazon Basin in Brazil.[1]

Dendrobatinae
Dyeing dart frog, Dendrobates tinctorius.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Dendrobatidae
Subfamily: Dendrobatinae
Cope, 1865
Genera

Adelphobates
Andinobates
Dendrobates
Excidobates
Minyobates
Oophaga
Phyllobates
Ranitomeya

Description

Dendrobatinae are generally small frogs; Andinobates minutus is as small as 13–16 mm (0.51–0.63 in) in snout–vent length length. Many species are brightly colored and all are toxic. Alkaloids in Phyllobates are particularly potent.[2][3]

All species are presumed to show parental care, often by the male. However, some species show biparental care (Ranitomeya), whereas in Oophaga only females care for the tadpoles, feeding them with eggs, their only source of nutrition.[2] The males are responsible for protecting the eggs from predation and keeping the eggs from drying out by urinating on them.[4]

General

There are eight[1][2] or seven[3] genera in this subfamily:

ImageGenusLiving species
Adelphobates Grant, Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, Haddad, Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel, and Wheeler, 2006
Andinobates Twomey, Brown, Amézquita, and Mejía-Vargas, 2011
  • Andinobates abditus (Myers and Daly, 1976)
  • Andinobates altobueyensis (Silverstone, 1975)
  • Andinobates bombetes (Myers and Daly, 1980)
  • Andinobates cassidyhornae (Amézquita et al., 2013)
  • Andinobates claudiae (Jungfer, Lötters, and Jörgens, 2000)
  • Andinobates daleswansoni (Rueda-Almonacid, Rada, Sánchez-Pacheco, Velásquez-Álvarez, and Quevedo-Gil, 2006)
  • Andinobates dorisswansonae (Rueda-Almonacid, Rada, Sánchez-Pacheco, Velásquez-Álvarez, and Quevedo-Gil, 2006)
  • Andinobates fulguritus (Silverstone, 1975)
  • Andinobates geminisae (Batista et al., 2014)
  • Andinobates minutus (Shreve, 1935)
  • Andinobates opisthomelas (Boulenger, 1899)
  • Andinobates tolimensis (Bernal-Bautista, Luna-Mora, Gallego, and Quevedo-Gil, 2007)
  • Andinobates viridis (Myers and Daly, 1976)
  • Andinobates virolinensis (Ruiz-Carranza and Ramírez-Pinilla, 1992)
Dendrobates Wagler, 1830
Excidobates Twomey and Brown, 2008
  • Excidobates captivus (Myers, 1982) - Santiago poison frog, Peru and Ecuador
  • Excidobates condor Almendáriz, Ron, and Brito M., 2012 - Ecuador
  • Excidobates mysteriosus (Myers, 1982) - Marañón poison frog, Peru
Minyobates Myers, 1987
Oophaga Bauer, 1994
Phyllobates Duméril and Bibron, 1841

P. lugubris species group

  • Phyllobates lugubris (Schmidt, 1857)
  • Phyllobates vittatus (Cope, 1893)

P. bicolor species group

Ranitomeya Bauer, 1986
  • Ranitomeya amazonica (Schulte, 1999)
  • Ranitomeya benedicta Brown, Twomey, Pepper, and Sanchez-Rodriguez, 2008
  • Ranitomeya cyanovittata Pérez-Peña, Chávez, Twomey, and Brown, 2010
  • Ranitomeya defleri Twomey and Brown, 2009
  • Ranitomeya fantastica (Boulenger, 1884)
  • Ranitomeya flavovittata (Schulte, 1999)
  • Ranitomeya imitator (Schulte, 1986)
  • Ranitomeya reticulata (Boulenger, 1884)
  • Ranitomeya sirensis (Aichinger, 1991)
  • Ranitomeya summersi Brown, Twomey, Pepper, and Sanchez-Rodriguez, 2008
  • Ranitomeya toraro Brown, Caldwell, Twomey, Melo-Sampaio, and Souza, 2011
  • Ranitomeya uakarii (Brown, Schulte, and Summers, 2006)
  • Ranitomeya vanzolinii (Myers, 1982)
  • Ranitomeya variabilis (Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988)
  • Ranitomeya ventrimaculata (Shreve, 1935)
  • Ranitomeya yavaricola Pérez-Peña, Chávez, Twomey, and Brown, 2010


The most specious genera are Ranitomeya (16 species) and Andinobates (13 species).[1] Dendrobates used to be much larger but currently contains only five species, having had most of its species split off into genera erected later.[6]

References
  1. Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Dendrobatinae Cope, 1865". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
  2. Vitt, Laurie J.; Caldwell, Janalee P. (2014). Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (4th ed.). Academic Press. pp. 489–490.
  3. "Dendrobatidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2014. AmphibiaWeb is not placing Andinobates in any subfamily.
  4. Brust, D. G. (1993). "Maternal Brood Care by Dendrobates pumilio: A Frog that Feeds its Young", Journal of Herpetology. Vol. 27, No. 1. pp. 96-98.
  5. "Google Translate". google.com.
  6. Grant, T.; Frost, D. R.; Caldwell, J. P.; Gagliardo, R.; Haddad, C. F. B.; Kok, P. J. R.; Means, D. B.; Noonan, B. P.; Schargel, W. E. & Wheeler, W. C. (2006). "Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Amphibia: Athesphatanura: Dendrobatidae)" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 299: 1–262. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2006)299[1:PSODFA]2.0.CO;2.
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