Curcuma

Curcuma
	Curcuma zedoaria; 1896 illustration[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Clade:	Commelinids
Order:	Zingiberales
Family:	Zingiberaceae
Subfamily:	Zingiberoideae
Tribe:	Zingibereae
Genus:	Curcuma; L.
Synonyms[2]
	Kua Rheede ex Medic.; Erndlia Giseke; Stissera Giseke 1792, illegitimate homonym not Heist. ex Fabr. 1759; Hitcheniopsis (Baker) Ridl.; Paracautleya R.M.Sm.;

Curcuma is a genus of about 100 accepted species in the family Zingiberaceae that contains such species as turmeric and Siam tulip. They are native to Southeast Asia, southern China, the Indian Subcontinent, New Guinea and northern Australia. Some species are reportedly naturalised in other warm parts of the world such as tropical Africa, Central America, Florida, and various islands of the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans.[2][3][4][5][6][7]

Curcuma euchroma

Curcuma inodora

A. Bernecker: Curcuma longa

The name comes from the Sanskrit kuṅkuma, referring to turmeric. Turmeric has been used in India since ancient times as a substitute for saffron and other yellowish pigments.[8] Since assembly of the genus Curcuma by Linnaeus in 1753, about 130 species have been described so far. Some of the species descriptions are without Latin diagnosis or type specimen, therefore the legitimacy of many species is unclear. An overview about the taxonomical classification along with citation of the most relevant literature of Curcuma species can be found at Wikispecies .

Species

Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.
Curcuma albicoma S.Q.Tong
Curcuma albiflora Thwaites
Curcuma alismatifolia Gagnep. : Siam tulip
Curcuma amada Roxb. : mango-ginger
Curcuma amarissima Roscoe
Curcuma angustifolia Roxb.
Curcuma aromatica Salisb. : wild turmeric
Curcuma attenuata Wall. ex Baker
Curcuma aurantiaca van Zijp
Curcuma australasica Hook.f.
Curcuma bakeriana Hemsl. nomen illegit.
Curcuma bicolor Mood & K.Larsen
Curcuma bhatii (R.M.Smith) Skornickova & M.Sabu
Curcuma burttii K.Larsen & R.M.Smith
Curcuma caesia Roxb. : black turmeric
Curcuma ceratotheca K.Schum.
Curcuma chuanezhu Z.Y.Zhu nomen illegit.
Curcuma chuanhuangjiang Z.Y.Zhu nomen illegit.
Curcuma chuanyujin C.K.Hsieh & H.Zhang
Curcuma cochinchinensis Gagnep.
Curcuma codonantha Skornickova
Curcuma coerulea K.Schum.
Curcuma colorata Valeton
Curcuma comosa Roxb.
Curcuma coriacea Mangaly & M.Sabu
Curcuma decipiens Dalzell
Curcuma ecalcarata Sivar. & Balach.
Curcuma euchroma Valeton
Curcuma ecomata Craib
Curcuma elata Roxb.
Curcuma exigua N.Liu
Curcuma ferruginea Roxb.
Curcuma flaviflora S.Q.Tong
Curcuma glans K.Larsen & Mood
Curcuma gracillima Gagnep.
Curcuma grandiflora Wall. ex Baker
Curcuma haritha Mangaly & M.Sabu
Curcuma harmandii Gagnep.
Curcuma heyneana Valeton & van Zijp
Curcuma inodora Blatt.
Curcuma karnatakensis Amalraj
Curcuma kudagensis Velayudhan, V.S.Pillai & Amalraj
Curcuma kwangsiensis S.G.Lee & C.L.Liang
Curcuma lanceolata Ridley
Curcuma larsenii C.Maknoi & T.Jenjittikul
Curcuma latiflora Valeton
Curcuma latifolia Roscoe
Curcuma leonidii identified at Bu Gia Map National Park[9]
Curcuma leucorrhiza Roxb.
Curcuma loerzingii Valeton
Curcuma longa L. : turmeric
Curcuma longispica Valeton
Curcuma malabarica Velayudhan, Amalraj & Muralidharan
Curcuma meraukensis Valeton
Curcuma mutabilis Skornickova, M.Sabu & Prasanthkumar
Curcuma neilgherrensis Wight
Curcuma nilamburensis K.C.Velayudhan et al.
Curcuma oligantha Trimen
Curcuma ornata Wall. ex Baker
Curcuma parviflora Wall.
Curcuma parvula Gage
Curcuma peethapushpa Sasidh. & Sivar.
Curcuma petiolata Roxb.
Curcuma phaeocaulis Valeton
Curcuma pierreana Gagnep.
Curcuma plicata Wall. ex Baker
Curcuma porphyrotaenia Zipp. ex Span.
Curcuma prakasha S.Tripathi
Curcuma pseudomontana J.Graham
Curcuma purpurascens Blume
Curcuma purpurea Blatt.
Curcuma raktakanta Mangaly & M.Sabu
Curcuma reclinata Roxb.
Curcuma rhabdota Sirirugsa & M.F.Newman
Curcuma rhomba Mood & K.Larsen
Curcuma roscoeana Wall.
Curcuma rubescens Roxb.
Curcuma rubrobracteata Skornickova, M.Sabu & Prasanthkumar
Curcuma saraburiensis Boonma & Saensouk
Curcuma sattayasaii A.Chaveerach & R.Sudmoon
Curcuma sichuanensis X.X.Chen
Curcuma singularis Gagnep.
Curcuma sparganiifolia Gagnep.
Curcuma stenochila Gagnep.
Curcuma strobilifera Wall. ex Baker
Curcuma sulcata Haines
Curcuma sumatrana Miq.
Curcuma sylvatica Valeton
Curcuma thalakaveriensis Velayudhan et al.
Curcuma thorelii Gagnep.
Curcuma tongii Y.H. Tang & Li X.Zhang[10]
Curcuma trichosantha Gagnep.
Curcuma vamana M.Sabu & Mangaly
Curcuma vellanikkarensis K.C.Velayudhan et al.
Curcuma wenyujin Y.H.Chen & C.Ling
Curcuma wenchowensis Y.H.Chen & C.Ling
Curcuma xanthella Škorničk, 2013
Curcuma yunnanensis N.Liu & C.Senjen
Curcuma zanthorrhiza Roxb. : temu lawak
Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe : zedoary
Curcuma zedoaroides A.Chaveerach & T.Tanee

References

Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen
Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
Flora of China v 24 p 359, 姜黄属 jiang huang shu, Curcuma Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 2. 1753.
Raju, V.S., Reddy, C.S. & Ragan, A. (2006). Curcuma L. (Zingiberaceae) in Andhra Pradesh: a preliminary study. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 30: 773-775.
Sirirugsa, P., Larsen, K. & Maknoi, C. (2007). The genus Curcuma L. (Zingiberaceae): distribution and classification with reference to species diversity in Thailand. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 59: 203-220.
Leong-Skornicková, J., Sída, O., Wijesundara, S. & Marhold, K. (2008). On the identity of turmeric: the typification of Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 157: 37-46.
Škornicková, J.L., Sída, O. & Marhold, K. (2010). Back to types! Towards stability of names in Indian Curcuma L. (Zingiberaceae). Taxon 59: 269-282.
Tawney, C. H. (1924). The Ocean of Story, chapter 104. p. 13.
"Leonid crocus (Curcuma leonidii) – a new species discovered in Bu Gia Map National Park in Binh Phuoc province". Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology. Retrieved 2014-05-03.
Tan, Yun-Hong; Zhang, Zhong-Lian; Li, Hai-Tao; Ding, Hong-Bo; Zhang, Li-Xia (2019-03-11). "Curcuma tongii , a new species of Curcuma subgen. Ecomatae (Zingiberaceae) from southern Yunnan, China". Phytotaxa. 395 (3): 241–247. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.395.3.9. ISSN 1179-3163.

Gallery

Curcuma aeruginosa
Curcuma longa
Curcuma sp.
Curcuma sp.

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[1] Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen

[powdi-2] Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families

[3] Flora of China v 24 p 359, 姜黄属 jiang huang shu, Curcuma Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 2. 1753.

[4] Raju, V.S., Reddy, C.S. & Ragan, A. (2006). Curcuma L. (Zingiberaceae) in Andhra Pradesh: a preliminary study. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 30: 773-775.

[5] Sirirugsa, P., Larsen, K. & Maknoi, C. (2007). The genus Curcuma L. (Zingiberaceae): distribution and classification with reference to species diversity in Thailand. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 59: 203-220.

[6] Leong-Skornicková, J., Sída, O., Wijesundara, S. & Marhold, K. (2008). On the identity of turmeric: the typification of Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 157: 37-46.

[7] Škornicková, J.L., Sída, O. & Marhold, K. (2010). Back to types! Towards stability of names in Indian Curcuma L. (Zingiberaceae). Taxon 59: 269-282.

[8] Tawney, C. H. (1924). The Ocean of Story, chapter 104. p. 13.

[9] "Leonid crocus (Curcuma leonidii) – a new species discovered in Bu Gia Map National Park in Binh Phuoc province". Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology. Retrieved 2014-05-03.

[10] Tan, Yun-Hong; Zhang, Zhong-Lian; Li, Hai-Tao; Ding, Hong-Bo; Zhang, Li-Xia (2019-03-11). "Curcuma tongii , a new species of Curcuma subgen. Ecomatae (Zingiberaceae) from southern Yunnan, China". Phytotaxa. 395 (3): 241–247. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.395.3.9. ISSN 1179-3163.