Crassispira

Crassispira is a genus of small predatory sea snails with narrow, high-spired shells, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Pseudomelatomidae.[2]

Crassispira
A shell of Crassispira incrassata
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Clade: Caenogastropoda
Clade: Hypsogastropoda
Clade: Neogastropoda
Superfamily: Conoidea
Family: Pseudomelatomidae
Genus: Crassispira
Swainson, 1840[1]
Type species
Pleurotoma bottae
Valenciennes in Kiener, 1839
Species

See text

Synonyms[2]
  • Crassispira (Crassiclava) McLean, 1971· accepted, alternate representation
  • Crassispira (Crassispirella) Bartsch & Rehder, 1939· accepted, alternate representation
  • Drillia (Crassispira) Swainson, 1840

Taxonomy

The small blackish Drillias so common in Panamic waters, of which Pleurotoma bottae Valenciennes is the type, were brought under the name of Crassispira Swainson, 1840 by W.H. Dall in 1918.[3]

Description

Most species in this genus have a tall spire and a truncated anterior canal. The ribs are overridden by spirals, forming beads or nodules. Under the subsutural keel is the sinus area rather smooth.[4]

The small shell is subclavate and tuberculated. The spire is thick and, lengthened. The outer lip shows a slight sinus above and is thickened internally at the top and the bottom. The top of the inner lip has a thick pad. The basal channel is slightly defined.[5]

The shell is medium-sized. The aperture is moderately long and wide, scarcely contracted at the base, forming a suggestion of a siphonal canal, moderately emarginate at the base. The siphonal fasciole is slightly bulging. The body whorl is varicose near the outer lip. The anal sinus is deep and narrow. The apex is semicircular and lies some distance from the suture below thread on the anal fasciole. The base of outer lip bears a very shallow, broad sinus, or stromboid notch. The inner lip is detached. The parietal callus is thickened adjoining the anal sinus. The sculpture consists of narrow axial ribs, between which the spiral threads or grooves. The anal fasciole bears a strong spiral cord. (Based on original figures, Kiener, Coquilles vivantes, Pleurotoma, pp. 33–34, pi. 15, fig. 2, 1839.) [6]

The shell has a strong subsutural collar, a moderately narrow but strongly concave subsutural slope, strong axial ribs that do not cross the subsutural slope, and strong spiral threads between the axial ribs.[7]

Species

Species within the genus Crassispira are numerous. According to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), they include:[8]

Nomen nudum
  • Crassispira eous Ekdale, 1974 [18]
Species brought into synonymy
  • Crassispira adamsi De Jong & Coomans, 1988: synonym of Crassispira elatior (C. B. Adams, 1845) (Unnecessary replacement name for Pleurotoma elatior C.B. Adams, 1845, believed to be preoccupied by P. elatior d'Orbigny, "1842" [in fact 1847])
  • Crassispira adamsiana Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: synonym of Crassispira harfordiana (Reeve, 1843)
  • Crassispira aesopus (Schepman, 1913): synonym of Inquisitor aesopus (Schepman, 1913)
  • Crassispira affinis Reeve, 1846 junior homonym of Crassispira flavescens (Reeve, 1845)
  • Crassispira albomaculata (d'Orbigny, 1847): synonym of Pilsbryspira nodata (C. B. Adams, 1850)
  • Crassispira albonodulosa (E. A. Smith, 1904): synonym of Psittacodrillia albonodulosa (E. A. Smith, 1904)
  • Crassispira albovallosa Carpenter, 1856: synonym of Crassispira rudis (Sowerby I, 1834)
  • Crassispira amathea Dall, 1919: synonym of Pilsbryspira amathea (Dall, 1919)
  • Crassispira anthamilla Melvill, 1923: synonym of Crassispira chazaliei (Dautzenberg, 1900)
  • Crassispira arsinoe Dall, 1919: synonym of Pilsbryspira arsinoe (Dall, 1919)
  • Crassispira aureonodosa Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: synonym of Pilsbryspira aureonodosa (Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932)
  • Crassispira bacchia Dall, 1919: synonym of Pilsbryspira bacchia (Dall, 1919)
  • Crassispira bairstowi (Sowerby III, 1886): synonym of Psittacodrillia bairstowi (Sowerby III, 1886)
  • Crassispira bandata (Nowell-Usticke, 1971): synonym of Crassispira latizonata (E. A. Smith, 1882)
  • Crassispira bandata (Nowell-Usticke, 1969) : synonym of Monilispira bandata (Nowell-Usticke, 1969)
  • Crassispira barkliensis Adams, 1869: synonym of Drillia barkliensis (Adams, 1869)
  • Crassispira bittium Dall, 1924: synonym of Ceritoturris bittium (Dall, 1924) (original combination)
  • † Crassispira calligonoides Gardner, 1938: synonym of † Hindsiclava calligonoides Gardner, 1938
  • Crassispira cancellata Carpenter, 1864: synonym of Crassispira pellisphocae (Reeve, 1845)
  • Crassispira candace Dall, 1919: synonym of Pyrgospira candace (Dall, 1919)
  • Crassispira caribbaea (E.A. Smith, 1882): synonym of Buchema interstrigata (Smith E.A., 1882)
  • Crassispira cornuta Sowerby I, 1834: synonym of Crassispira nigerrima (Sowerby I, 1834)
  • Crassispira cubensis Smith, 1882: synonym of Crassispira kluthi Jordan, 1936
  • Crassispira cuprea Reeve, 1843: synonym of Crassispira fuscescens (Reeve, 1843)
  • Crassispira diversa (E. A. Smith, 1882): synonym of Psittacodrillia diversa (E. A. Smith, 1882)
  • Crassispira drangai Schwengel, 1951: synonym of Strictispira drangai (Schwengel, 1951)
  • Crassispira ebenina Dall, 1883: synonym of Strictispira solida C.B. Adams, 1850
  • Crassispira ericana Hertlein & Strong, 1951: synonym of Strictispira ericana (Hertlein & Strong, 1951)
  • Crassispira flavescens Reeve, 1846: synonym of Crassispira affinis (Reeve, 1846)
  • Crassispira flavonodosa Pilsbry & H. N. Lowe, 1932: synonym of Crassispira eurynome Dall, 1919
  • Crassispira flucki (Brown & Pilsbry, 1913): synonym of Pilsbryspira flucki (Brown & Pilsbry, 1913)
  • Crassispira fonseca Pilsbry and Lowe, 1932: synonym of Pilsbryspira atramentosa
  • Crassispira granulosa Sowerby I, 1834: synonym of Buchema granulosa (Sowerby I, 1834)
  • Crassispira hermanita Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: synonym of Maesiella hermanita (Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932)
  • Crassispira hottenta (E. A. Smith, 1882): synonym of Clavus hottentotus (E. A. Smith, 1882)
  • Crassispira hottentota (E. A. Smith, 1882): synonym of Clavus hottentotus (E. A. Smith, 1882)
  • Crassispira inaequistriata Li, 1930: synonym of Crassispira maura (Sowerby I, 1834)
  • Crassispira jungi Macsotay & Campos Villarroel, 2001: synonym of Hindsiclava jungi (Macsotay & Campos Villarroel, 2001)
  • Crassispira kandai Kuroda, 1950: synonym of Pilsbryspira kandai (Kuroda, 1950)
  • Crassispira layardi (Sowerby III, 1897): synonym of Crassiclava layardi (Sowerby III, 1897)
  • Crassispira leucocyma (Dall, 1884): synonym of Pilsbryspira leucocyma (Dall, 1884)
  • Crassispira loxospira Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: synonym of Pilsbryspira loxospira (Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932)
  • Crassispira lysidia (Duclos, 1850): synonym of Monilispira lysidia (Duclos, 1850)
  • Crassispira mesoleuca Rehder, 1943: synonym of Crassispira cubana (Melvill, 1923)
  • Crassispira monilifera (Carpenter, 1857): synonym of Monilispira monilifera (Carpenter, 1857)
  • Crassispira monilis (Bartsch & Rehder, 1939): synonym of Pilsbryspira monilis (Bartsch & Rehder, 1939)
  • Crassispira nigricans Dall, 1919: synonym of Crassispira maura (Sowerby I, 1834)
  • Crassispira nymphia Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: synonym of Pilsbryspira nymphia (Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932)
  • Crassispira ochsneri (Hertlein & Strong, 1949: synonym of Cleospira ochsneri (Hertlein & Strong, 1949)
  • Crassispira ostrearum (Stearns, 1872): synonym of Pyrgospira ostrearum (Stearns, 1872)
  • Crassispira palliata (Reeve, 1845): synonym of Crassispira kluthi Jordan, 1936
  • Crassispira pardalis Hinds, 1844: synonym of Anachis pardalis (Hinds, 1843)
  • Crassispira paxillus (Reeve, 1845): synonym of Strictispira paxillus (Reeve, 1845)
  • Crassispira perla Smith, 1947: synonym of Crassispira maura (Sowerby I, 1834)
  • Crassispira phasma Schwengel, 1940: synonym of Fenimorea phasma (Schwengel, 1940) (original combination)
  • † Crassispira pseudospirata (d'Orbigny, 1850): synonym of † Drilliola pseudospirata (d'Orbigny, 1850)
  • Crassispira quadrilirata (E. A. Smith, 1882): synonym of Carinodrillia quadrilirata (E. A. Smith, 1882)
  • Crassispira reigeni Bartsch, 1950: synonym of Zonulispira grandimaculata (C.B. Adams, 1852)
  • Crassispira rufovaricosa Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971: synonym of Inquisitor rufovaricosa (Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971)
  • Crassispira saulcydiana (Récluz, 1851): synonym of Drillia umbilicata Gray, 1838
  • Crassispira solida (C. B. Adams, 1850): synonym of Clathrodrillia solida (C. B. Adams, 1850)
  • Crassispira sowerbyi Reeve, 1843: synonym of Crassispira turricula (Sowerby I, 1834)
  • Crassispira stilmani Shasky, 1971: synonym of Strictispira stillmani Shasky, 1971
  • Crassispira strigata Sowerby II, 1874: synonym of Drillia barkliensis (H. Adams, 1869)
  • Crassispira sultana Thiele, 1925: synonym of Paradrillia sultana (Thiele, 1925) (original combination)
  • Crassispira tabogaensis Bartsch, 1931: synonym of Crassispira kluthi Jordan, 1936
  • Crassispira tampaensis Bartsch & Rehder, 1939: synonym of Pyrgospira tampaensis (Bartsch & Rehder, 1939)
  • Crassispira tangolaensis Hertlein, L.G. & A.M. Strong, 1951: synonym of Crassispira unicolor (Sowerby I, 1834)
  • † Crassispira terebra Basterot, 1825: synonym of † Drillia terebra (Basterot, 1825)
  • Crassispira thiarella Kiener, 1840: synonym of Crassispira nigerrima (Sowerby I, 1834)
  • Crassispira tripter Maltzan, 1883: synonym of Drillia tripter Von Maltzan, 1883
  • Crassispira tuckeri Bonfitto & Morassi, 2004: synonym of Crassispira tuckerana Bonfitto & Morassi, 2011
  • Crassispira walteri Smith M., 1946: synonym of Clathrodrillia walteri (Smith M., 1946)

References
  1. Swainson (1840). Treat. Malacol. 152, 313.
  2. MolluscaBase (2018). Crassispira Swainson, 1840. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=224467 on 2018-04-21
  3. W.H. Dall (1918) Notes on the nomenclature of the mollusks of the family Turritidae; Proceedings of The United States National Museum v. 54 (1918) This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  4. De Jong K.M. & Coomans H.E. (1988) Marine gastropods from Curaçao, Aruba and Bonaire. Leiden: E.J. Brill. 261 pp.
  5. a Swainson, Treatise on malacology, p. 313.
  6. J. Gardner, the molluscan fauna of the alum bluff group of Florida - USGS .(1947)
  7. F.S. MacNeil (1960), Tertiary and Quaternary Gastropoda of Okinawa; Professional Paper 339; USGS This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  8. WoRMS : Crassispira.
  9. Kantor, Yuri I.; Stahlschmidt, Peter; Aznar-Cormano, Laetitia; Bouchet, Philippe; Puillandre, Nicolas (2017). "Too familiar to be questioned? Revisiting the Crassispira cerithina species complex (Gastropoda: Conoidea: Pseudomelatomidae)". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 83 (1): 43–55. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyw036. ISSN 0260-1230.
  10. Le Renard (J.) & Pacaud (J.-M.), 1995 Révision des Mollusques paléogènes du Bassin de Paris. 2 - Liste des références primaires des espèces. Cossmanniana, t. 3, vol. 3, p. 65-132
  11. Cossmann (M.), 1889 - Catalogue illustré des coquilles fossiles de l'Éocène des environs de Paris (4ème fascicule). Annales de la Société royale Malacologique de Belgique, t. 24, p. 3-385
  12. Cossmann (M.), 1889 Catalogue illustré des coquilles fossiles de l'Éocène des environs de Paris (4ème fascicule). Annales de la Société royale Malacologique de Belgique, t. 24, p. 3-385
  13. Cossmann (M.), 1902 Catalogue illustré des coquilles fossiles de l'Éocène des environs de Paris (3ème appendice). Annales de la Société royale Malacologique de Belgique, t. 36, p. 9-110
  14. Cossmann (M.) & Pissarro (G.), 1913 - Iconographie complète des coquilles fossiles de l'Éocène des environs de Paris, t. 2, p. pl. 46-65
  15. Périer (S.), 1941 Contribution à l'étude du Ludien du Bassin de Paris. La faune des marnes à Pholadomya ludensis, p. 1-30
  16. Le Renard (J.) & Pacaud (J.-M.), 1995 - Révision des Mollusques paléogènes du Bassin de Paris. 2 - Liste des références primaires des espèces. Cossmanniana, t. 3, vol. 3, p. 65-132
  17. Morassi, Mauro & Antonio Bonfitto. (2013). "Four new African turriform gastropods (Mollusca: Conoidea)." Zootaxa 3710 (3): 271-280.
  18. Ekdale, Allan A. "Marine molluscs from shallow-water environments (0 to 60 meters) off the northeast Yucatán coast, Mexico." Bulletin of Marine Science 24.3 (1974): 638-668. (as Cerodrillia eous Bartsch)
  • Reeve, L.A. 1843–1846. Monograph of the genus Pleurotoma . Reeve Brothers, London.
  • Kantor, Medeinskaya, J.D Taylor - 1997, Foregut anatomy and relationships of the Crassispirinae (Gastropoda, Conoidea); Bull. nat. Hist. Mus. London (Zool.) 63 (1): 55-92
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