Chloralose

Chloralose (also known as α-chloralose) is an avicide, and a rodenticide used to kill mice in temperatures below 15 °C. It is also widely used in neuroscience and veterinary medicine as an anesthetic and sedative.[1]

Chloralose
Names
IUPAC name
1,2-O-[2,2,2-Trichloroethylidene]-α-gluco-hexofuranose
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
85418
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.036.363
EC Number
  • 240-016-7
KEGG
MeSH Chloralose
  • 7057995
  • 40467114 (2R,3aR,5R,6R)-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-furo-5-yl
  • 27525 (2R,5R,6S,6aR)-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-furo-5-yl
  • 16211632 (1R)-dioxol, (2R,5R,6S,6aR)-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-furo-5-yl
  • 186624 (1R)-dioxol, (3aR,5R,6S,6aR)-6-hydroxy-furo-5-yl
  • 2723807 (2R,3aR,5R,6S,6aR)-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-furo-5-yl
  • 85991
RTECS number
  • FM9450000
UNII
Properties
C8H11Cl3O6
Molar mass 309.52 g·mol−1
Melting point 176 to 182 °C (349 to 360 °F; 449 to 455 K)
Hazards
Main hazards Harmful if swallowed

Harmful if inhaled

GHS pictograms
GHS Signal word Danger
GHS hazard statements
 H301, H332, H336, H400, H410
P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P301+310, P304+312, P304+340, P312, P321, P330, P391, P403+233, P405, P501
Related compounds
Related compounds
 Chloral hydrate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Chemically, it is a chlorinated acetal derivative of glucose.

It is listed in Annex I of Directive 67/548/EEC with the classification Harmful (Xn)

Chloralose exerts barbiturate-like actions on synaptic transmission in the brain, including potent effects at inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors.[2][3] A structural isomer of chloralose, β-chloralose (also called parachloralose in older literature), is inactive as a GABAA modulator and also as a general anesthetic.[4]

Chloralose is often abused for its avicide properties. In the United Kingdom, protected birds of prey have been killed using the chemical.[5]

References
  1. Silverman J, Muir WW (Jun 1993). "A review of laboratory animal anesthesia with chloral hydrate and chloralose". Lab Anim Sci. 43 (3): 210–6. PMID 8355479.
  2. R. A. Nicoll & J. M. Wojtowicz (1980). "The effects of pentobarbital and related compounds on frog motoneurons". Brain Research. 191 (1): 225–237. PMID 6247012.
  3. K. M. Garrett & J. Gan (1998). "Enhancement of gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor activity by alpha-chloralose". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 285 (2): 680–686. PMID 9580613.
  4. M. D. Krasowski & N. L. Harrison (2000). "The actions of ether, alcohol and alkane general anaesthetics on GABAA and glycine receptors and the effects of TM2 and TM3 mutations". British Journal of Pharmacology. 129 (4): 731–743. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0703087. PMC 1571881. PMID 10683198.
  5. "Poisoned bird had enough toxin to 'kill a child'". BBC News. 2020-07-26. Retrieved 2020-07-26.


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