Blechnum

Blechnum, known as hard fern, is a genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, subfamily Blechnoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).[1] Two very different circumscriptions of the genus are used by different authors. In the PPG I system, based on Gasper et al. (2016),[2] Blechnum is one of 18 genera in the subfamily Blechnoideae, and has about 30 species.[1] Other sources use a very broadly defined Blechnum s.l., including accepting only two other genera in the subfamily. The genus then has about 250 species.[3] In the PPG I circumscription, the genus is mostly neotropical, with a few southern African species.

Blechnum
Blechnum chilense
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Class: Polypodiopsida
Order: Polypodiales
Suborder: Aspleniineae
Family: Blechnaceae
Subfamily: Blechnoideae
Genus: Blechnum
L.
Type species
Blechnum occidentale
Species

See text.

Species
See also: List of transferred Blechnum species

Using the PPG I circumscription, as of December 2019, the Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World accepted the following species and hybrids.[4]

  • Blechnum anthracinum R.C.Moran
  • Blechnum appendiculatum Willd.
  • Blechnum arcuatum J.Rémy ex Fée
  • Blechnum areolatum V.A.O.Dittrich & Salino
  • Blechnum asplenioides Sw.
  • Blechnum auriculatum Cav.
  • Blechnum australe L.
  • Blechnum austrobrasilianum de la Sota
  • Blechnum × caudatum Cav.
  • Blechnum × confluens Schltdl. & Cham.
  • Blechnum × falciculatum C.Presl
  • Blechnum gracile Kaulf.
  • Blechnum gracilipes (Rosenst.) M.Kessler & A.R.Sm.
  • Blechnum guayanense A.Rojas
  • Blechnum hastatum Kaulf.
  • Blechnum heringeri Brade
  • Blechnum laevigatum Cav.
  • Blechnum lanceola Sw.
  • Blechnum × leopoldense (Dutra) V.A.O.Dittrich & Salino
  • Blechnum longipilosum V.A.O.Dittrich & Salino
  • Blechnum ludificans Herter
  • Blechnum malacothrix Maxon & Morton
  • Blechnum meridense Klotzsch
  • Blechnum occidentale L.
  • Blechnum × pampasicum de la Sota & M.L.Durán
  • Blechnum polypodioides Raddi
  • Blechnum punctulatum Sw.
  • Blechnum tomentosum M.Kessler & A.R.Sm.

Cultivation and uses

Several species are grown as ornamental plants in gardens.

Blechnum is also a host plant for the butterfly, Anartia fatima, or the banded peacock, which is common in Central America.[5][6]

References
  1. PPG I (2016), "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns", Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 54 (6): 563–603, doi:10.1111/jse.12229
  2. Gasper, André Luís De; Dittrich, Vinícius Antonio De Oliveira; Smith, Alan Reid & Salino, Alexandre (2016-09-21), "A classification for Blechnaceae (Polypodiales: Polypodiopsida): New genera, resurrected names, and combinations", Phytotaxa, 275 (3): 191–227, doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.275.3.1, ISSN 1179-3163, retrieved 2019-12-22
  3. Christenhusz, Maarten J.M. & Chase, Mark W. (2014), "Trends and concepts in fern classification", Annals of Botany, 113 (9): 571–594, doi:10.1093/aob/mct299, PMC 3936591, PMID 24532607
  4. Hassler, Michael & Schmitt, Bernd (November 2019), "Blechnum", Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World, 8.11, retrieved 2019-12-22
  5. Silberglied, Robert E.; Aiello, Annette; Lamas, Gerardo (1979). "Neotropical Butterflies of the Genus Anartia: Systematics, Life Histories and General Biology (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)". Psyche: A Journal of Entomology. 86 (2–3): 219–260. doi:10.1155/1979/50172. ISSN 0033-2615.
  6. Feldman, Tracy S.; Haber, William A. (1998). "Oviposition Behavior, Host Plant Use, and Diet Breadth of Anthanassa Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Using Plants in the Acanthaceae in a Costa Rican Community". The Florida Entomologist. 81 (3): 396–406. doi:10.2307/3495929. JSTOR 3495929.

Further reading
  • Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan
  • Moore, D. M. (1983). Flora of Tierra del Fuego
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