2020 Nova Scotia attacks

On April 18–19, 2020, Gabriel Wortman committed multiple shootings and set fires at 16 locations in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, killing 22 people and injuring three others before he was shot and killed by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) in Enfield.[3][4][5]

2020 Nova Scotia attacks
LocationNova Scotia, Canada
Date22:00, April 18, 2020 (2020-04-18T22:00) –
11:26, April 19, 2020 (2020-04-19T11:26) ADT (UTC−03:00)
Attack type
Spree shooting, mass killing, arson[1]
WeaponsLong guns, handgun, fire[2]
Deaths23 (including the perpetrator)
Injured3
PerpetratorGabriel Wortman
MotiveUnknown (under investigation)

For part of the thirteen-hour crime spree, Wortman impersonated a police officer by driving a replica police car and wearing a police uniform. An investigation into Wortman's motives is underway.[6][7] Wortman obtained several firearms illegally without a possession and acquisition licence.[8]

Police were criticised for not using Alert Ready to warn the public about the attacks, as well as not responding to reports of Wortman's behaviour and previous acts of domestic violence. An investigation into law enforcement's response to the rampage, including the decision not to use Alert Ready, is underway.[9][10][11][12] A public inquiry into the law enforcement response was declared on July 28 following escalating criticism of the investigation's lack of transparency.[13]

The attacks are the deadliest rampage in Canadian history, exceeding the 1989 École Polytechnique massacre in Montreal, where fifteen people were killed.[14] On May 1, in the wake of the attacks, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, following through on a 2019 campaign promise,[15] announced an immediate ban on some 1,500 makes and models of "military-grade assault-style" weapons,[16] including the types used in the attacks.[17]

Events

April 18

The attacks originated as a case of domestic violence between Wortman and his common-law spouse in the rural beachside community of Portapique, 130 kilometres (81 mi) north of Halifax.[4][18] The couple returned home after arguing at a nearby party shortly before 22:00, whereupon Wortman attacked his spouse, handcuffing her. However, she was able to escape from her bonds, after which she fled into the woods to hide.[19][20] Wortman subsequently set his house on fire, then returned to the party and started shooting, killing seven people.[4][18][21]

Beginning at 22:01, a number of Portapique residents called 9-1-1 to report gunshots and several fires.[6][19][22][23][24] When RCMP officers arrived on the scene at 22:26, they discovered thirteen victims who had been shot and killed both inside and outside of eight homes on Orchard Beach Drive and Portapique Beach Road, three of which were burning.[24][25] Police said many had died while trying to escape the flames or to help other victims.[4][26] One officer reported by radio that they could not locate the shooter, and that "it's very bad, what's going on down here".[27]

First responders also found two men who said they encountered someone driving what appeared to be a police car while they were trying to respond to a burning home. According to them, they pulled up alongside the vehicle, only for the driver to fire at them, injuring one of them. The victims said the shooter had gone toward the beach, which was a dead end.[4][28]

Police soon identified Wortman as a suspect, but with his property on fire and the understanding that there was only one exit from the community, they believed he was either on foot or already dead by suicide, and could not be far away. At 23:32, the RCMP posted a tweet asking residents of the Portapique area to stay inside with their doors locked, as officers set up a search perimeter of 2 kilometres (1.2 mi). Overnight, there was confusion over whether Wortman had been apprehended and if he was the driver of the apparent police car.[21][22][27][29][30]

The RCMP later determined that Wortman had left Portapique at around 22:35 by driving through a field, and that he had spent the night in the Debert area, about 26 kilometres (16 mi) east of Portapique.[31][32] There, he left behind police equipment and gun-related items in a ditch on the property of a resident he knew.[33]

April 19

Wortman left Debert at 05:43 and drove north on Highway 4 to a house whose residents he knew, located on Hunter Road in Wentworth, approximately 37 kilometres (23 mi) north of Portapique. He arrived at around 06:30 and shortly thereafter killed the two occupants, as well as a neighbour who had come to help. Wortman remained at the house for an undetermined amount of time before setting it on fire.[19][32]

Simultaneously, police located Wortman's spouse in Portapique; she had fled to a neighbour's home to call 9-1-1 since Wortman had smashed her cellphone. She confirmed that he was impersonating a police officer, and provided a photo of his unregistered replica police vehicle.[4][18][28] A BOLO alert containing this information was issued to officers across the province, and the RCMP officially announced that they were dealing with an active shooter situation at 08:02.[6][11][19][23][34][35] Wortman was publicly identified as the suspect at 08:54.[36]

Wortman began driving back south on Highway 4 toward Portapique at 09:23, and shot and killed another victim while she was walking on the side of the road in Wentworth Valley at 09:35. At around 09:45, he went to another house whose residents he knew, while armed and dressed in a police uniform, but the occupants refused to let him in and called the police.[4][5][19][29][30][32] By 09:48, Wortman was seen near a campground in Glenholme, and was seen again at 10:08 travelling through Debert and Onslow.[32]

In a tweet posted at 10:17, the RCMP first warned the public that Wortman was impersonating a police officer, and shared the photo of his vehicle.[36][37][38][39] During this time, Wortman performed two traffic stops on random cars and killed their occupants.[21][40][41] He was captured on surveillance video passing through Truro at around 10:20, and then Millbrook First Nation at 10:25, where he briefly stopped in a parking lot to exchange his jacket for a reflective vest.[19][42]

Sometime before 10:49, Wortman pulled alongside RCMP Constable Chad Morrison's cruiser on Route 2 in Shubenacadie. Morrison had planned to meet fellow officer Heidi Stevenson at that location. Wortman shot into the car, injuring Morrison, who drove to a nearby hospital after reporting Wortman's location. Wortman proceeded south into the junction with Route 224 and collided head-on with Stevenson, who was driving north.[21][27][43][44][45] Stevenson then engaged Wortman, resulting in Wortman returning fire and killing Stevenson. Immediately after the engagement, Wortman seized Stevenson's sidearm and remaining ammunition[21] before setting both cars on fire.[2][21][27][38]

Wortman then shot and killed a nearby motorist who stopped to help Stevenson, and drove off in his silver Chevrolet Tracker SUV.[21][29] Police announced the vehicle change at 11:06.[34] Shortly thereafter, Wortman killed a woman he knew at her Shubenacadie home, changed his clothes again, and stole her Mazda 3.[34] By 11:24, he was spotted continuing south along Highway 102 through Milford.[27][34][46][47]

Finally, over thirteen hours after police began pursuing him, at 11:26, Wortman stopped to refuel at the Irving Big Stop service area in Enfield, 92 kilometres (57 mi) south of Portapique and 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Halifax.[19][27] At least one RCMP officer who was already there to fill up on gas recognized Wortman, and fatally shot him.[47] Wortman's death was confirmed by police at 11:40 a.m.[1][34][37]

Victims

Wortman killed 22 people, including Constable Heidi Stevenson. The other officer he shot, Constable Chad Morrison, survived, as did the man he shot in Portapique who first reported his possible use of a police car.[3][23][38][41][48] He tied up and injured his spouse before she escaped at the start of the rampage. Thirteen of the dead were found in Portapique, four in Wentworth, two in Debert, and three in Shubenacadie.[21] They are believed to have died from gunshot wounds, but other causes are also being investigated.[23][46] Eight of the victims were found in the remains of structure fires.[49] Wortman also shot and injured two dogs.[50][51]

According to RCMP Commissioner Brenda Lucki, some of Wortman's first victims were closely connected to him, but over time, those he attacked were selected more at random.[6] The Globe and Mail reported that one of the victims in Wentworth had previously gone hunting with Wortman, while CBC News reported that another victim owned the property in Portapique that was subject to a dispute between Wortman and his uncle.[41][52]

Perpetrator
Gabriel Wortman
Born(1968-07-05)July 5, 1968[53]
New Brunswick, Canada
DiedApril 19, 2020(2020-04-19) (aged 51)
Enfield, Nova Scotia, Canada
Cause of deathGunshot wounds
OccupationDenturist
Workers removing signage from the perpetrator's denture clinic in Dartmouth on April 22

The RCMP identified the perpetrator as 51-year-old Gabriel Wortman,[38][54][55] a denturist who operated two clinics in Halifax and Dartmouth, and who owned real estate in Halifax, Dartmouth, and Portapique.[30][38][56][57] Wortman had been living in Portapique since 2004.[58] He had previously pleaded guilty to assault in 2002 and was sentenced to nine months of probation, in which he was prohibited from possessing weapons and ordered to undergo anger management counseling.[59][60]

Wortman was also involved in two civil lawsuits regarding property disputes, according to interviews and public records. In 2004, he offered to help a friend who had financial difficulties and was about to lose his house, then discreetly took ownership of the house, evicted the man, and sold the property. In 2015, Wortman's uncle lent him a house that he purchased in Portapique while selling his Edmonton condominium. Wortman refused to release the property back to him, claiming he was owed money, until the uncle eventually sold it; one of the buyers later became a victim in the killings.[60][61][62]

According to his yearbook, Wortman aspired to become a police officer.[63] However, his partner informed police after the attacks that Wortman disliked law enforcement and "thought he was better than them".[20] He had a hobby of buying law enforcement memorabilia and refurbishing old police cruisers.[64] At the time of the attacks, he was in possession of four such cruisers. Police found two of them on fire at his Portapique property and a third at his Halifax property, while Wortman initially drove the fourth during the spree.[29][30] One person called Wortman's home a "shrine" for the RCMP.[64] He stored two of the vehicles behind his denture clinic.[63][65] According to a businessman in Dieppe, Wortman inquired about buying a decommissioned RCMP cruiser from him in 2017 or 2018, claiming to be a retired officer who wanted to park the vehicle outside his house to deter thieves. For price reasons, he did not buy it.[66] According to a witness, Wortman tended to dress up in a police uniform and role-play.[28]

Witnesses described Wortman as paranoid, manipulative, and controlling.[67] A neighbour said Wortman was obsessed with his spouse and tended to be "jealous about things with her".[29] Neighbours also said that Wortman struggled with alcohol use and his business was negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, which forced all non-essential denturist services in Nova Scotia to close.[64] Residents were suspicious Wortman was stockpiling gasoline and propane tanks, and they reported hearing him brag about having lime and muriatic acid to dispose of bodies.[20][28]

After the attacks, the decorative signs on Wortman's denture clinic on Portland Street in Dartmouth, portraying a large smile and a set of dentures, was the subject of complaints from the public. In response, Halifax Regional Police removed the signs on April 22.[68]

Earlier warnings to police

In June 2010, Wortman was investigated by Halifax Regional Police for threatening his parents, but no official action was taken due to a lack of evidence. In May 2011, Truro Police received a tip from an unnamed source via email about Wortman's stash of guns and his desire to "kill a cop". The tipster warned about Wortman's recent stress and mental health issues, and said he always kept a handgun close by. The tip was transferred to the Nova Scotia RCMP for jurisdictional reasons, but it is unclear what action was taken by them, and the tip was ultimately purged from their records, as is standard protocol according to an RCMP spokesperson.[58][69]

A former neighbour in Portapique said he reported Wortman to the RCMP in the summer of 2013 for assaulting his spouse and having a cache of illegal firearms, but they declined to take firmer action due to not receiving a complaint from the partner. The former neighbour ended up leaving Portapique after Wortman became more aggressive and threatening to his spouse in response to the complaint.[70] The RCMP confirmed they had received the neighbour's complaint, but that the file had since been purged from their records.[58]

Investigations

Criminal

No motive has been established for the attacks, though they are not considered an act of terrorism.[6] Over 25 different units of the RCMP were involved in the criminal investigation, along with the Halifax Regional Police and the Canada Border Services Agency.[29][49] The Canadian Armed Forces were also dispatched on April 21 to assist the RCMP in their investigation by providing them with additional personnel and supplies.[71] There were a total of 16 crime scenes, including five structure fires, spread over a distance of at least 50 kilometres (31 mi), along with 500 identified witnesses.[32][44][72]

Chief Superintendent Chris Leather noted that Wortman's use of a police cruiser and a police uniform allowed him to evade detection for a long time. Owning police vehicles or uniforms is not a crime in Canada, but impersonating a police officer is.[73][74] CBC News reported that at least one RCMP officer had previously taken note of one of Wortman's replica vehicles, and advised him not to drive it on the road.[66] Officials later said Wortman had acquired the specific vehicle he used in the attacks at an auction in fall 2019.[32] The RCMP determined the decals used for the replica vehicle came from a supplier, but that they were made without the business owner's permission.[75] The RCMP also looked into the navigation logs of Wortman's vehicles to determine if the route he took during the attacks was predetermined.[76]

Leather also said that Wortman had no possession and acquisition licence and his weapons were illegally purchased, a matter that is being investigated further.[77][78] Superintendent Darren Campbell said five firearms were recovered from the stolen vehicle Wortman was driving in Enfield. Four of them belonged to Wortman: two semiautomatic handguns and two semiautomatic rifles, one of which was described as a "military-style assault rifle". The fifth was Stevenson's stolen service pistol, a 9mm Smith & Wesson.[28][32][75][79] Police also said that while one of Wortman's firearms had originated in Canada, via the estate of a former associate, all of the others likely came from the United States.[2][4]

The man from whom Wortman had previously considered buying a police car said that he was warned by police during the incident that he was considered a possible target.[41][80] However, Wortman ultimately never attacked him during the rampage.[41]

The Nova Scotia RCMP Major Crime Unit launched a tip hotline to gather further information about the attacks.[81]

On May 11, the RCMP's Behavioral Analysis Unit launched a "psychological autopsy" on Wortman, which involved extensive interrogations with his friends, family members, and colleagues.[72] It found that he was an "injustice collector", a criminology term for those who keep track of perceived slights and petty grievances that occur over many years.[82]

In the weeks before the attacks, Wortman liquidated his bank accounts and withdrew a large sum of money in cash.[83] News magazine Maclean's reported that a C$475,000 withdrawal from Brink's and other evidence pointed to Wortman having ties to organised crime and being a confidential informant for the RCMP.[84][85] In response to the allegations, the RCMP denied having any prior association with Wortman, saying his recent behaviour and stockpiling activities were driven by paranoia about the COVID-19 pandemic possibly growing out of control and leading to a widespread institutional and infrastructural collapse. They also said they found a fireproof safe containing hundreds of thousands of dollars at his Portapique property.[83][86] A financial audit has been conducted as part of the investigation.[58]

Police response

Nova Scotia's Serious Incident Response Team announced it would conduct an investigation into the police shooting of Wortman, as well as another incident involving two RCMP officers who discharged their weapons inside a fire hall in Onslow; Wortman was not there at the time.[38][41][87]

In an interview with As It Happens on April 25, Commissioner Lucki promised a thorough review of the police response to the attacks, including the delay in informing the public about Wortman potentially impersonating a police officer.[11]

Lack of emergency alert

Following the attacks, many questions were raised about why Nova Scotia failed to use Alert Ready, Canada's emergency warning system, to warn the public about the attacks but instead chose to use social media platforms Twitter and Facebook to provide updates, RCMP officials said they had been dealing with an unfolding situation and details were being updated frequently. However, the areas affected had poor cellular Internet service and were mostly populated by seniors who might not have used social media. Relatives of the victims pointed out that the use of Alert Ready could have saved lives.[88][89][90] Chief Superintendent Leather said an investigation would be conducted into the decision-making process on alerting the public.[9][10]

On April 22, Leather said officers in Dartmouth were asked by the province about a warning at 10:15 a.m., but they did not agree on details like wording before Wortman died 71 minutes later.[59] The United States Consulate in Halifax said it emailed American citizens in Nova Scotia warning them of the situation using the RCMP's information.[88]

Public inquiry

On July 28, federal Public Safety Minister, Bill Blair, announced a public inquiry.[91] The federal and provincial governments had previously considered a more narrow "joint review", but following public outcry, they agreed to hold a more expansive public inquiry.[13][92]

Aftermath

Political reactions

Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau expressed his condolences.[38] During his morning address from Rideau Cottage on April 20, he reaffirmed his commitment to strengthening gun control.[93] He asked the media to not use the attacker's name or image: "Do not give this person the gift of infamy."[94]

Nova Scotia Premier Stephen McNeil told reporters, "This is one of the most senseless acts of violence in our province's history." He expressed his condolences to the residents affected and the families of the victims.[95]

Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada, expressed her condolences, saying that she and Prince Philip were "saddened by the appalling events", and that her thoughts and prayers were with the people of Nova Scotia and all Canadians. She also paid tribute to the "bravery and sacrifice" of the RCMP and other emergency services.[96]

The White House condemned the attacks and expressed US President Donald Trump and First Lady Melania Trump's condolences.[40][97][98] Condolences for the victims were issued by other countries as well.[99]

Since the attacks, the lack of transparency in the investigation has been strongly criticised, and calls have been made for a public inquiry into the police response, including by dozens of senators from Nova Scotia and across the country.[100][101][102][103] On June 3, Nova Scotia Justice Minister Mark Furey announced a public inquiry of some kind will be held in the near future,[104] but a month later, he said the proceedings into the inquiry's formation were being hampered by legal technicalities.[105][106] On July 28, federal Public Safety Minister Bill Blair announced that a public inquiry would take place.[13][91]

Gun laws
For broader coverage of this topic, see Firearms regulation in Canada.

On May 1, Trudeau announced that the sale, transportation, importation, or use of "assault-style" firearms in Canada was now banned effective immediately. Via Order in Council the government re-classified them as "Prohibited" under the Firearms Act, with a two-year amnesty period to allow current owners to dispose, export, register, or sell them (under a buy-back scheme), and for special uses.[107][108] The prohibition applies to at least 1,500 models and variants, largely semi-automatic firearms (fully automatic and certain specifically chosen firearms were already classified as "Prohibited"), including the AR-15 and guns that had been used in other notable mass shootings in Canada, such as the Ruger Mini-14 (École Polytechnique massacre), the Beretta Cx4 Storm (Dawson College shooting), and the CSA vz. 58 (Quebec City mosque shooting).[16][107] However, the intended long-term effects of such a move were questioned by experts, who pointed out the ban would have had no effect on Wortman's illegal acquisition of his firearms. They also highlighted the ban's inability to address international firearms trafficking or other types of firearms used in criminal activity, like handguns and other semiautomatic rifles such as the SKS.[109]

On May 3, Public Safety Minister Bill Blair announced plans to expand Canada's red flag law to include family members and others.[110]

Memorials and fundraisers
A memorial for the victims of the attacks in The Hydrostone neighbourhood of Halifax, Nova Scotia. A photo of the six victims of the April 30, 2020, Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) CH-148 Cyclone helicopter crash off Greece had been added to the lower right part of the memorial

Flags across Canada were lowered to half-mast,[111] and the House of Commons observed a moment of silence for the victims.[112]

On April 20, the CN Tower was illuminated in blue and white, the colours of the Nova Scotia flag, and also in RCMP red, blue, and gold in honour of Stevenson, on the quarter- and half-hours. On April 21, at Niagara Falls, both the Canadian Horseshoe Falls and the American Falls were also illuminated in blue and white as a symbol of bi-national solidarity with Nova Scotia.[113]

In the days after the incident, many fundraisers for the victims and their families were started on the crowdfunding platform GoFundMe.[114][115] There was also at least one fake or fraudulent fundraiser started, which was subsequently removed. Jeff Thomson of the RCMP's Anti-Fraud Centre warned Canadians to be diligent when donating to charities related to the tragedy.[115]

As large gatherings were restricted in the province due to the coronavirus pandemic, a public virtual vigil was streamed online via Facebook, and broadcast by CBC Television in the Atlantic provinces.[116][117]

A permanent memorial to the victims was set up at a former church in Portapique, after an earlier makeshift memorial was dismantled by residents.[118]

Misogyny and domestic violence

Following RCMP confirmation that the attacks were preceded by an act of domestic violence, women's advocates said the rampage highlighted a broader problem of domestic violence in Canada, as well as its potential as a warning sign for future violent behaviour and public threats.[58][119] Activists criticised law enforcement's inability to respond to earlier domestic violence reports against Wortman, and called upon attention to be placed on the role of misogyny in the attacks.[12]

Citing eyewitness reports of Wortman's behaviour and ways of controlling his partner, domestic violence experts called for the passage of a coercive control law in Canada, similar to one that had been passed by the United Kingdom in 2015, which they say may "help prevent other abusers from escaping detection".[120]

Lawsuits

Relatives of the victims filed a lawsuit against Wortman's estate for damages caused by the rampage.[121][122] Another lawsuit was filed by victims' families against the RCMP, citing the agency's "disrespectful manner" to victims and their families and its handling of the attacks, both during and after the event.[58][123]

See also

References
  1. Collins, Sean (April 19, 2020). "What we know about a mass shooting in Nova Scotia, Canada". Vox. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  2. Donkin, Karissa (April 24, 2020). "Some of N.S. gunman's weapons came from U.S., police say". CBC News. Retrieved April 24, 2020.
  3. Grant, Taryn (April 21, 2020). "22 victims confirmed dead in N.S. mass shooting". CBC News. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  4. "Gunman's resemblance to police officer made chase dangerous and complicated, says RCMP". CBC News. April 24, 2020. Archived from the original on April 24, 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2020.
  5. "22 victims of N.S. rampage include retirees, pregnant health care worker, veteran". CBC News. April 20, 2020. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  6. Diaz, Johnny; Bilefsky, Dan (April 19, 2020). "Nova Scotia Shooting Kills at Least 16, Police Say". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 19, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  7. Blatchford, Andy (April 19, 2020). "Gunman kills at least 16, including officer, in Nova Scotia". Politico. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
  8. Patil, Anjuli (June 4, 2020). "Psychological autopsy on N.S. gunman found he was an 'injustice collector,' RCMP say". Retrieved June 11, 2020.
  9. Gorman, Michael (April 20, 2020). "N.S. premier not ready to question if a public alert should have been issued about gunman". CBC News. Archived from the original on April 21, 2020. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
  10. Tasker, John Paul (April 21, 2020). "Questions emerge about RCMP's failure to send emergency alert on gunman's rampage". CBC News. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  11. Gatehouse, Jonathon (April 25, 2020). "N.S. gunman's 'advantage': Hours passed before RCMP told public he was disguised as one of them". CBC News. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  12. Ankel, Sophia (May 16, 2020). "Evidence mounts that Canada's worst-ever mass shooter was a woman-hater and misogyny fuelled his killing spree that left 22 dead". Business Insider. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
  13. MacDonald, Michael (July 28, 2020). "Ottawa announces full inquiry into N.S. shootings". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved July 28, 2020.
  14. Gillies, Rob (April 19, 2020). "16 killed in shooting rampage, deadliest in Canadian history". AP News. Archived from the original on April 19, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  15. Pinkerton, Charlie; Naumetz, Tim (May 1, 2020). "Canada bans 1,500 guns immediately, Trudeau promises a buyback program will follow". iPolitics. Archived from the original on May 6, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  16. Tasker, John (May 1, 2020). "Trudeau announces ban on 1,500 types of 'assault-style' firearms — effective immediately". CBC News. Archived from the original on May 1, 2020. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
  17. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on May 7, 2020. Retrieved May 7, 2020.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  18. Stephenson, Mercedes; Armstrong, James (April 23, 2020). "Nova Scotia shootings began after gunman attacked his girlfriend, sources say". Global News. Archived from the original on April 23, 2020. Retrieved April 23, 2020.
  19. Russell, Andrew; Bell, Stewart (April 29, 2020). "Nova Scotia shooting: A detailed timeline of how the rampage unfolded". Global News. Archived from the original on May 2, 2020. Retrieved April 29, 2020.
  20. Cecco, Leyland (May 19, 2020). "Nova Scotia police under scrutiny as new details of shooting response revealed". The Guardian. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
  21. Nardi, Christopher (April 24, 2020). "N.S. mass murderer's uniform, cruiser let him kill at will. He looked like one of us, RCMP say". National Post. Retrieved April 24, 2020.
  22. CBC News (April 22, 2020). "RCMP give new details on timeline of manhunt for N.S. shooter". CBC News. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
  23. "Nova Scotia mass killings: What we know and what we don't know". CBC News. April 19, 2020. Archived from the original on April 20, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  24. "RCMP share maps showing N.S. gunman's movements during rampage". CBC News. April 24, 2020. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  25. Anderson, Scott (April 27, 2020). "RCMP have not disclosed when first 911 call came in about N.S. mass shooting". CBC News. Archived from the original on April 28, 2020. Retrieved April 27, 2020.
  26. Tasker, John Paul (April 20, 2020). "'Those scars will never heal': piecing together a gunman's murderous rampage in Nova Scotia". CBC News. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  27. Gatehouse, Jonathon (April 22, 2020). "'They don't know if they've caught him': Recordings reveal chaos of Nova Scotia manhunt". CBC News. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
  28. McMillan, Elizabeth (May 19, 2020). "Unsealed court document reveals N.S. gunman called a 'psychopath' by witness who knew him". CBC News. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
  29. Levinson-King, Robin; Murphy, Jessica (April 24, 2020). "Nova Scotia shooting: 'They had no idea the hell they were going to face'". BBC News. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  30. Cecco, Leyland (April 24, 2020). "Nova Scotia gunman used fake police cruiser to flag down victims". The Guardian. Archived from the original on April 26, 2020. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  31. "N.S. gunman drove across field, spent 6 hours hiding out in Debert to evade police". CBC News. April 28, 2020. Archived from the original on April 29, 2020. Retrieved April 28, 2020.
  32. Wynne, Eric (April 28, 2020). "REPLAY: Nova Scotia RCMP provide update on mass shooting investigation". The Chronicle Herald. Archived from the original on May 3, 2020. Retrieved April 28, 2020.
  33. Ryan, Haley (April 29, 2020). "A Debert man 'had a feeling' N.S. gunman stayed on his property. He was right". CBC News. Retrieved May 26, 2020.
  34. "Timeline: How an active-shooter situation unfolded in Nova Scotia". CBC News. April 19, 2020. Archived from the original on April 20, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  35. "Nova Scotia shooting: Gabriel Wortman kills 16 including police officer in Canada's deadliest shooting attack". MassLive. April 19, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  36. Neustaeter, Brooklyn; Lopez-Martinez, Melissa (April 19, 2020). "A timeline of the deadly shooting incident in Nova Scotia". CTV News. Archived from the original on April 20, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  37. Jerrett, Andrea (April 19, 2020). "At least 18 people killed in N.S. shooting; deadliest such attack in Canada: police". CTV News. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  38. "RCMP officer among the dead after Nova Scotia gunman's rampage". CBC News. April 19, 2020. Archived from the original on April 19, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  39. Battis, Todd; Cousins, Ben; Flanagan, Ryan (April 23, 2020). "N.S. shooter handcuffed, assaulted his girlfriend before mass killing". CTV News. Retrieved April 23, 2020.
  40. McLaughlin, Eliott C.; Newton, Paula (April 20, 2020). "Gunman evaded police for nearly 12 hours and killed at least 18 in one of Canada's deadliest mass shootings". CNN. Archived from the original on April 20, 2020. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
  41. Mercer, Greg; Jones, Lindsay; Pruden, Jana (April 23, 2020). "RCMP defend not sending emergency alert before Nova Scotia gunman was killed". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on April 23, 2020. Retrieved April 23, 2020.
  42. Boynton, Sean (April 22, 2020). "Video appears to show Nova Scotia shooting suspect stop, change clothes amid killing spree". Global News. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
  43. Sheehy, Kate (April 20, 2020). "Nova Scotia shooting: Details emerge in suspect Gabriel Wortman's rampage". New York Post. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  44. "Death toll from Nova Scotia gunman's rampage climbs to 19". CBC News. April 20, 2020. Archived from the original on April 21, 2020. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
  45. Bissett, Kevin; Bresge, Adina (April 25, 2020). "Nova Scotia Mountie saved lives by stopping mock police car: union". CTV News. Archived from the original on April 25, 2020. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
  46. "Canada shooting: Gunman kills at least 18 in Nova Scotia". BBC News. April 19, 2020. Archived from the original on April 19, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  47. McMillan, Elizabeth; Hounsell, Kayla (April 23, 2020). "Girlfriend of N.S. gunman was among his victims, but she survived". CBC News. Retrieved April 23, 2020.
  48. Quon, Alexander; Stephenson, Mercedes (April 19, 2020). "17 dead, including one RCMP officer, after shooting spree in Portapique, N.S." Global News. Archived from the original on April 19, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  49. Cousins, Ben (April 28, 2020). "Shooter in N.S. mass killing had 'multiple pieces of police uniforms': RCMP". CTV News. Archived from the original on April 28, 2020. Retrieved April 28, 2020.
  50. Ryan, Haley (April 21, 2020). "Nova Scotia vet saves dog belonging to friend who died in mass shooting". CBC News. Archived from the original on April 29, 2020. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
  51. Farnell, Leigha (April 23, 2020). "Second dog injured in deadly N.S. shooting recovering from gunshot wounds with family". CTV News. Archived from the original on April 27, 2020. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
  52. Donkin, Karissa (April 23, 2020). "Victim of N.S. mass shooting owned a property involved in dispute between suspect, his uncle". CBC News. Archived from the original on April 24, 2020. Retrieved April 23, 2020.
  53. "Wortman Assault Conviction" (PDF). Province of Nova Scotia. January 3, 2002. Retrieved April 28, 2020.
  54. "Wortman assault conviction document (2002)" (PDF). Halifax Examiner. April 21, 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2020.
  55. "There are 22 victims in the weekend murder spree". Halifax Examiner. April 21, 2020. Archived from the original on April 23, 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2020.
  56. Cecco, Leyland (April 19, 2020). "Nova Scotia shooting: shock and surprise at killings by denturist". The Guardian. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  57. McMillan, Elizabeth (May 4, 2020). "CBC applying to unseal information used to obtain search warrants in N.S. shooting". CBC News. Archived from the original on May 5, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  58. Levinson-King, Robin (July 17, 2020). "Could Canada's worst mass shooting have been avoided?". BBC News. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
  59. Flanagan, Ryan (April 22, 2020). "N.S. RCMP say they were 'in process' of preparing alert when gunman was killed". CTV News. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
  60. Donkin, Karissa (April 22, 2020). "Suspect in N.S. killings didn't have criminal record, but previously pleaded guilty to a crime". CBC News. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
  61. Bell, Stewart; Russell, Andrew (April 21, 2020). "'He stole my house': Nova Scotia killer had history of dubious financial practices". Global News. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  62. Bell, Stewart (April 28, 2020). "Nova Scotia gunman was involved in several disputes before shooting, RCMP says". Global News. Archived from the original on April 30, 2020. Retrieved April 28, 2020.
  63. Frisko, Bruce (April 19, 2020). "'Just unbelievable': Neighbours of Nova Scotia shooting suspect shocked by news". CTV News. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
  64. Woo, Andrew; Mercer, Greg (April 19, 2020). "Nova Scotia mass shooter was a denturist with an obsession for policing". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on April 20, 2020. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
  65. Bogart, Nicole (April 20, 2020). "What we know about the Nova Scotia rampage suspect". CTV News. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
  66. Gatehouse, Jonathon (April 23, 2020). "Nova Scotia gunman didn't hide his fake RCMP cruiser — even from police, says ex-boss". CBC News. Archived from the original on April 24, 2020. Retrieved April 23, 2020.
  67. Mercer, Greg (May 25, 2020). "New details about N.S. mass shooting revealed in court documents". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved May 26, 2020.
  68. April, Allan (April 22, 2020). "Police remove teeth, signage from denture clinic owned by N.S. shooter". CTV News. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
  69. Donkin, Karissa; McMillan, Elizabeth (May 29, 2020). "2011 tip that warned N.S. gunman wanted 'to kill a cop' was purged from RCMP records". CBC News. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
  70. Tutton, Michael (May 13, 2020). "Neighbour reported N.S. mass shooter's domestic violence, weapons to police". CBC News. Retrieved May 13, 2020.
  71. "Military personnel, equipment to aid RCMP investigation into mass killing". CBC News. April 22, 2020. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
  72. Cecco, Leyland (May 11, 2020). "Nova Scotia shooting: police launch 'psychological autopsy' of gunman for clues". The Guardian. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
  73. Donkin, Karissa; Daigle, Thomas (April 21, 2020). "Police uniform, mock RCMP cruiser key parts of investigation into N.S. shootings". CBC News. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
  74. Hill, Brian (April 22, 2020). "How a real uniform and replica police car helped the Nova Scotia gunman go undetected". Global News. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
  75. Faulkner, James (May 11, 2020). "Decals on gunman's car created without business owner's permission: RCMP". I Heart Radio. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  76. McMillan, Elizabeth (May 25, 2020). "RCMP hoped vehicle data could shed light on N.S. gunman's prior movements". CBC News. Retrieved May 26, 2020.
  77. Canadian Press (April 23, 2020). "Police have 'good idea' guns used in Nova Scotia mass shooting were not licensed". KelownaNow. Retrieved April 23, 2020.
  78. Lamoureux, Mack (April 22, 2020). "Nova Scotia Gunman Was Not a Legal Firearms Owner, RCMP Says". Vice. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
  79. Cecco, Leyland (May 1, 2020). "Trudeau announces Canada is banning assault-style weapons". The Guardian. Archived from the original on May 1, 2020. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
  80. Gul, Monika (April 23, 2020). "Would-be victim reveals Nova Scotia gunman had 'list of people to target': report". CKWX. Retrieved April 23, 2020.
  81. Farnell, Leigha (April 23, 2020). "RCMP launch tip line to gather information about weekend mass shooting". CTV Atlantic. Retrieved April 23, 2020.
  82. MacDonald, Michael (June 8, 2020). "Seeking to explain Nova Scotia shootings: Inside the 'threat-sensitive brain'". CBC News. CBC News. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
  83. Cecco, Leyland (June 29, 2020). "Nova Scotia gunman was paranoid survivalist – but not informer, say police". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved June 30, 2020.
  84. Palango, Paul; Maher, Stephen; Gormley, Shannon (June 17, 2020). "The Nova Scotia killer had ties to criminals and withdrew a huge sum of cash before the shooting". Maclean's. Retrieved June 30, 2020.
  85. Palango, Paul; Maher, Stephen; Gormley, Shannon (June 19, 2020). "The Nova Scotia shooter case has hallmarks of an undercover operation". Maclean's. Retrieved June 30, 2020.
  86. McMillan, Elizabeth (June 29, 2020). "N.S. gunman liquidated assets, stockpiled gas and food due to COVID-19 fears, RCMP say". CBC News. Retrieved June 30, 2020.
  87. "Investigation Begins into Enfield Death" (Press release). Serious Incident Response Team. April 19, 2020. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
  88. Gilmore, Rachel (April 22, 2020). "U.S. citizens in Nova Scotia were sent additional warning during deadly rampage". CTV News. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
  89. Cooke, Alex (April 21, 2020). "'I would not have let my wife leave': Widower blasts lack of emergency alert during N.S. shootings". CBC News. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  90. Davie, Emma (April 22, 2020). "He was 'hunted' by the Portapique gunman and survived. His brother didn't". CBC News. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
  91. Currie, Brooklyn; Patil, Anjuli (July 28, 2020). "Inquiry into N.S. mass shooting to go ahead, public safety minister says". CBC News. Retrieved July 28, 2020.
  92. Patel, Raisa (August 1, 2020). "Pushback from families, MPs led to reversal on N.S. mass shooting inquiry, Blair says". CBC News. Retrieved August 1, 2020.
  93. Gilmore, Rachel (April 20, 2020). "Trudeau reiterates gun control commitment in wake of mass shooting". CTV News. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
  94. Associated Press (April 19, 2020). "Canada's worst mass shooting leaves at least 18 dead". KKTV. Archived from the original on April 22, 2020. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  95. Jerrett, Andrea (April 19, 2020). "Shooting 'one of the most senseless acts of violence' in Nova Scotia's history: premier". CTV News. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  96. Faulconbridge, Guy (April 21, 2020). "Queen Elizabeth sends condolences to Canada after Nova Scotia shooting". Reuters. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  97. "Statement from the Press Secretary" (Press release). The White House. April 20, 2020. Retrieved June 17, 2020.
  98. "White House sends condolences to Canadian shooting victims". WTHR. April 20, 2020. Retrieved June 17, 2020.
  99. Ferguson, Rachel (April 21, 2020). "Condolences pour in from around the world for victims of Nova Scotia mass killing". CTV News. Retrieved June 17, 2020.
  100. Smith, Emma (May 15, 2020). "N.S. law profs call on premier to commit to inquiry into April's mass shooting". CBC News. Retrieved June 30, 2020.
  101. Grant, Taryn (June 30, 2020). "N.S. senators say shooting inquiry must happen now to stave off speculation". CBC News. Retrieved June 30, 2020.
  102. Quon, Alexander (June 1, 2020). "Family of Heather O'Brien, VON nurse killed in Nova Scotia shooting, calls for public inquiry". Global News. Retrieved June 30, 2020.
  103. "37 senators demand 'open, transparent' inquiry into N.S. shooting". CTV News. July 18, 2020. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
  104. Burke, David (June 3, 2020). "N.S. justice minister supports probe into mass shooting but says province will not lead it". CBC News. Retrieved July 5, 2020.
  105. Patil, Anjuli (July 2, 2020). "'Legalities and technicalities' delay announcement of N.S. mass killing inquiry: Justice minister". CBC News. Retrieved July 5, 2020.
  106. MacDonald, Michael (July 2, 2020). "Inquiry into mass shooting in Nova Scotia facing delays due to 'technicalities'". CTV News. Retrieved July 5, 2020.
  107. Aiello, Rachel (May 1, 2020). "More than 1K assault-style weapons now prohibited in Canada: PM Trudeau". CTV News. Archived from the original on May 1, 2020. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
  108. Ballingall, Alex (June 26, 2020). "Ottawa will let gun owners keep 'military-style' firearms despite nationwide ban". thestar.com. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
  109. Donkin, Karissa; Ryan, Haley (May 1, 2020). "2 types of guns N.S. shooter used in rampage now banned in Canada". CBC News. Retrieved May 26, 2020.
  110. Lao, David (May 3, 2020). "Liberals will propose expanding 'red flag' gun laws, Blair says". Global News. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
  111. Cecco, Leyland (April 20, 2020). "Nova Scotia shooting: friends and family pay tribute to 'beautiful souls' lost in rampage". The Guardian. Archived from the original on April 20, 2020. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
  112. "'We're going to get through this together': Trudeau calls for unity after mass killing". CBC News. April 20, 2020. Archived from the original on April 21, 2020. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
  113. Jerrett, Andrea; Price, Melanie (April 22, 2020). "Iconic Canadian symbols glow blue and white in show of solidarity with Nova Scotia". CTV News. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
  114. Neustaeter, Brooklyn (April 22, 2020). "N.S. rampage victims' young sons hid during attack, family member says". CTV News. Retrieved April 23, 2020.
  115. Colbert, Yvonne (April 23, 2020). "Fake N.S. shooting fundraiser leads to warning from RCMP". CBC News. Retrieved April 23, 2020.
  116. "Virtual vigil honouring victims of N.S. shootings planned for Friday". CBC News. April 22, 2020. Retrieved April 23, 2020.
  117. Goldfinger, Daina; Lieberman, Caryn (April 22, 2020). "How to watch the virtual vigil for the Nova Scotia shooting victims". Global News. Retrieved April 23, 2020.
  118. Patil, Anjuli (May 22, 2020). "Permanent memorial set up for Nova Scotia mass killing victims". CBC News. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
  119. Thomson, Aly; Chu, Elizabeth (April 27, 2020). "N.S. shooting rampage highlights public threat of domestic violence: victim advocates". CBC News. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
  120. Tutton, Michael (May 24, 2020). "Some forms of coercion should be made criminal in wake of N.S. mass shooting, experts say". CBC News. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
  121. Patil, Anjuli (May 7, 2020). "Widower seeks class-action lawsuit against N.S. gunman's estate". CBC News. Retrieved May 16, 2020.
  122. Petracek, Heidi (May 8, 2020). "Proposed class-action lawsuit filed against N.S. mass shooter's estate on behalf of families". CTV News. Retrieved May 16, 2020.
  123. Ray, Carolyn (June 17, 2020). "Police returned vehicle with human remains inside, families of N.S. shooting victims allege". CBC News. Retrieved June 30, 2020.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.