2000 in spaceflight

This article outlines notable events occurring in 2000 in spaceflight, including major launches and EVAs.

2000 in spaceflight
Expedition 1, the first permanent crew of the International Space Station, launches aboard Soyuz TM-31
Orbital launches
First21 January
Last27 December
Total85
Successes81
Failures4
Catalogued82
Rockets
Maiden flightsAtlas IIIA
Minotaur I
RetirementsLong March 3
Delta III
Crewed flights
Orbital7
Total travellers37

Launches

Date and time (UTC) Rocket Flight number Launch site LSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat)
Operator Orbit Function Decay (UTC) Outcome
Remarks

January

21 January
01:03
Atlas IIA Cape Canaveral SLC-36A
USA-148 (DSCS III B-8) US Air Force Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
25 January
01:04
Ariane 4 42L Kourou ELA-2 Arianespace
Galaxy 10R PanAmSat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
25 January
16:45
Long March 3A Xichang LC-2
Feng Huo 1 CAST Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
27 January
03:03
Minotaur I Vandenberg SLC-8 Orbital Sciences
JAWSAT Weber State/USAF Academy Low Earth Plasma researchIn orbitOperational
OCSE US Air Force Low Earth Laser calibration3 March 2001Successful
OPAL Stanford Low Earth Picosat deploymentIn orbitSuccessful
FalconSat USAF Academy Low Earth Technology demonstrationIn orbitOperational
ASUSAT Arizona State Low Earth Imaging/CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Picosat 1/2 DARPA Low Earth Technology developmentIn orbitOperational
Thelma Santa Clara Low Earth In orbitSpacecraft failure
Louise Santa Clara Low Earth In orbitSpacecraft failure
JAK Santa Clara Low Earth In orbitSpacecraft failure
STENSAT AMSAT Low Earth CommunicationsIn orbitSpacecraft failure
Maiden flight of Minotaur I
Thelma, Louise, JAK, and STENSAT failed to contact ground after deployment from OPAL
Thelma & Louise deployed on 12 February, JAK & STENSAT on 11 February
Picosats also deployed from OPAL at 03:34 UTC on 7 February

February

1 February
06:47
Soyuz-U Baikonur Site 1/5 Roskosmos
Progress M1-1 Roskosmos Low Earth (Mir) Logistics26 April
19:27
Successful
Maiden flight of Progress-M1 spacecraft
3 February
09:26
Zenit-2 Baikonur Site 45/1
Kosmos 2369 (Tselina-2) MO RF Low Earth ELINTIn orbitOperational
3 February
23:30
Atlas IIAS Cape Canaveral SLC-36B International Launch Services
Hispasat 1C Hispasat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
8 February
21:24
Delta II 7420-10C Cape Canaveral SLC-17B Boeing IDS
Globalstar 63 Globalstar Low Earth CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Globalstar 62 Globalstar Low Earth CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Globalstar 64 Globalstar Low Earth CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Globalstar 60 Globalstar Low Earth CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
8 February
23:00
Soyuz-U/Fregat Baikonur Site 31/6 Starsem
IRDT ESA Low Earth Recoverable experiments9 FebruaryPartial Failure
Gruzovoy Maket Lavochkin Low Earth BoilerplateIn orbitSuccessful
Damage to the inflatable heat shield of IRDT led to high landing speed which damaged the spacecraft
10 February
01:30
M-V Uchinoura ISAS
ASTRO-E ISAS Intended: Low Earth Astronomy10 FebruaryLaunch failure
Loss of control during first stage burn
11 February
17:43
Space Shuttle Endeavour Kennedy LC-39A United Space Alliance
STS-99 NASA Low Earth Radar topography22 FebruarySuccessful
Crewed orbital flight with six astronauts
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
12 February
09:10
Proton-K/DM-2M Baikonur Site 81/23 International Launch Services
Garuda 1 ACeS Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
18 February
01:04
Ariane 4 44LP Kourou ELA-2 Arianespace
Superbird B2 SCC Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational

March

12 March
04:07
Proton-K/DM-2M Baikonur Site 200/39
Ekspress 6A Intersputnik Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
12 March
09:29
Taurus 1110 Vandenberg LC-576E Orbital Sciences
MTI US Air Force/Sandia Low Earth ReconnaissanceIn orbitOperational
12 March
14:19
Zenit-3SL Ocean Odyssey Sea Launch
ICO F1 ICO Intended: Medium Earth Communications12 MarchLaunch Failure
Programming error led to premature second stage cutoff
20 March
18:28
Soyuz-U/Fregat Baikonur Site 31/6 Starsem
Dumsat Starsem Medium Earth BoilerplateIn orbitSuccessful
21 March
23:28
Ariane 5G Kourou ELA-3 Arianespace
AsiaStar 1worldspace Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
INSAT 3B ISRO Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
25 March
20:34
Delta II 7326-9.5 Vandenberg SLC-2W Boeing IDS
IMAGE NASA High Earth Aurora researchIn orbitOperational

April

4 April
05:01
Soyuz-U Baikonur Site 1/5 Roskosmos
Soyuz TM-30 Roskosmos Low Earth (Mir) Mir EO-2816 June
00:34
Successful
Crewed orbital flight with two cosmonauts
Final crewed flight to the Mir space station
17 April
21:06
Proton-K/DM-2M Baikonur Site 200/39 International Launch Services
SESAT 1 Eutelsat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
19 April
00:29
Ariane 4 42L Kourou ELA-2 Arianespace
Galaxy 4R PanAmSat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
25 April
20:08
Soyuz-U Baikonur Site 1/5 Roskosmos
Progress M1-2 Roskosmos Low Earth (Mir) Logistics15 OctoberSuccessful

May

3 May
07:07
Atlas IIA Cape Canaveral SLC-36A
GOES-11 (GOES-L) NOAA/NASA Geostationary Weather satelliteIn orbitOperational
3 May
13:25
Soyuz-U Baikonur Site 1/5
Kosmos 2370 MO RF Low Earth Reconnaissance3 May 2001Successful
8 May
16:01
Titan IVB (402)/IUS Cape Canaveral SLC-40 Lockheed Martin
USA-149 (DSP-20) US Air Force Geosynchronous Early warningIn orbitOperational
11 May
01:48
Delta II 7925-9.5 Cape Canaveral SLC-17A Boeing IDS
USA-150 (GPS IIR-4) US Air Force Medium Earth NavigationIn orbitOperational
16 May
08:27
Rokot/Briz-KM Plesetsk Site 133/3 Eurockot
Simsat-1 (IKA-1) Eurockot Low Earth BoilerplateIn orbitSuccessful
Simsat-2 (IKA-2) Eurockot Low Earth BoilerplateIn orbitSuccessful
19 May
10:11
Space Shuttle Atlantis Kennedy LC-39A United Space Alliance
STS-101 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS assembly29 May
06:20
Successful
Spacehab Double Module NASA/Spacehab Low Earth (Atlantis) LogisticsSuccessful
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts
24 May
23:10
Atlas IIIA Cape Canaveral SLC-36B International Launch Services
Eutelsat W4 Eutelsat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Maiden flight of Atlas IIIA

June

6 June
02:59
Proton-K/Briz-M Baikonur Site 81/24 International Launch Services
Gorizont 45 Kos Svya Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
7 June
13:19
Pegasus-XL Stargazer, Vandenberg Orbital Sciences
TSX-5 US Air Force/Royal Air Force Low Earth ReconnaissanceIn orbitOperational
24 June
00:28
Proton-K/DM-2M Baikonur Site 200/39
Ekspress 3A Intersputnik Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
25 June
11:50
Long March 3 Xichang LC-1
Feng Yun 2B CASC Geosynchronous Weather satelliteIn orbitOperational
Final flight of Long March 3
28 June
10:37
Kosmos-3M Plesetsk Site 132/1
Nadezhda No.701 MO RF Sun-synchronous NavigationIn orbitOperational
Tsinghua Tsinghua Sun-synchronous Technology developmentIn orbitOperational
SNAP 1 Surrey Satellite Technology Sun-synchronous Technology developmentIn orbitOperational
30 June
12:56
Atlas IIA Cape Canaveral SLC-36A
TDRS-H (TDRS-8) NASA Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
First advanced TDRS satellite
30 June
22:08
Proton-K/DM-2M Baikonur Site 81/24 International Launch Services
Radiosat 1 Sirius Tundra CommunicationsIn orbitOperational

July

4 July
23:44
Proton-K/DM-2 Baikonur Site 200/39
Kosmos 2371 MO SSSR Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
12 July
04:56
Proton-K Baikonur Site 81/23 Roskosmos
Zvezda Roskosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS componentIn orbitOperational
ISS flight 1R
14 July
05:21
Atlas IIAS Cape Canaveral SLC-36B International Launch Services
Echostar 6 EchoStar Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
15 July
12:00
Kosmos-3M Plesetsk Site 132/1
MITA ASI Low Earth Particle detection15 August 2001Successful
CHAMP DLR Low Earth Geophysics19 September 2010
09:43[1]
Successful
Rubin 1 OHB-System Low Earth Monitor carrier rocket30 August 2001Successful
16 July
09:17
Delta II 7925-9.5 Cape Canaveral SLC-17A Boeing IDS
USA-151 (GPS IIR-5) US Air Force Medium Earth NavigationIn orbitOperational
16 July
12:39
Soyuz-U/Fregat Baikonur Site 31/6 Starsem
Samba ESA High Earth Magnetosphere researchIn orbitOperational
Salsa ESA High Earth Magnetosphere researchIn orbitOperational
Cluster mission
19 July
20:09
Minotaur I Vandenberg SLC-8 Orbital Sciences
Mightysat 2.1 (Sindri) US Air Force/DARPA Low Earth Reconnaissance11 December 2002Successful
Picosat 7/8 US Air Force Low Earth Technology development7 November 2002Successful
28 July
22:42
Zenit-3SL Ocean Odyssey Sea Launch
PAS-9 PanAmSat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational

August

6 August
18:26
Soyuz-U Baikonur Site 1/5 Roskomsos
Progress M1-3 Roskosmos Low Earth (ISS) Logistics1 November
07:05
Successful
ISS flight 1P
9 August
11:13
Soyuz-U/Fregat Baikonur Site 31/6 Starsem
Rumba ESA High Earth Magnetosphere researchIn orbitOperational
Tango ESA High Earth Magnetosphere researchIn orbitOperational
Cluster mission
17 August
23:16
Ariane 4 44LP Kourou ELA-2 Arianespace
Brasilsat B4 Embratel Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Nilesat 102 Nilesat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
17 August
23:45
Titan IVB (403) Vandenberg SLC-4E Lockheed Martin
USA-152 (Lacrosse 4) NRO Low Earth ReconnaissanceIn orbitOperational
23 August
11:05
Delta III 8930 Cape Canaveral SLC-17B Boeing IDS
DM-F3 Boeing IDS Intended: Geostationary transfer
Actual: Medium Earth
Boilerplate / Calibration target31 December 2019[3]Partial failure
Payload placed in lower orbit than expected due to atmospheric conditions.
Final flight of Delta III.
28 August
20:08
Proton-K/DM-2 Baikonur Site 81/24
Raduga-1 MO RF Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational

September

1 September
03:25
Long March 4B Taiyuan LC-1
Zi Yuan 2 CAST Low Earth ImagingIn orbitOperational
5 September
09:43
Proton-K/DM-2M Baikonur Site 81/23 International Launch Services
Radiosat 2 Sirius Tundra CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
6 September
22:23
Ariane 4 44P Kourou ELA-2 Arianespace
Eutelsat W1 Eutelsat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
8 September
12:45
Space Shuttle Atlantis Kennedy LC-39B United Space Alliance
STS-106 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS assembly20 September
07:56
Successful
Spacehab Double Module NASA/Spacehab Low Earth (Atlantis) LogisticsSuccessful
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts
14 September
22:54
Ariane 5G Kourou ELA-3 Arianespace
Astra 2B SES Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
GE 7 GE Americom Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
21 September
10:22
Titan II 23G Vandenberg SLC-4W Lockheed Martin
NOAA-16 (NOAA-L) NOAA/NASA Sun-synchronous Weather satellite25 November 2015[5]Successful
25 September
10:10
Zenit-2 Baikonur Site 45/1
Kosmos 2372 MO RF Low Earth Reconnaissance20 April 2001Successful
26 September
10:05
Dnepr Baikonur Site 109/95 ISC Kosmotras
Tiung SAT ASTB Low Earth Earth ImagingIn orbitOperational
MegSat-1 MegSat Low Earth ResearchIn orbitOperational
UniSat Universita degli Studi Low Earth Earth ImagingIn orbitOperational
SaudiSat 1A SISR Low Earth CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
SaudiSat 1B SISR Low Earth CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
29 September
09:30
Soyuz-U Baikonur Site 31/6
Kosmos 2375 MO RF Low Earth Cartography14 November
22:53
Successful

October

1 October
22:00
Proton-K/DM-2M Baikonur Site 81/23 International Launch Services
Worldsat-1 GE Americom Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
6 October
23:00
Ariane 4 42L Kourou ELA-2 Arianespace
N-SAT-110 SCC/JSAT Corporation Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
9 October
05:38
Pegasus-H Kwajalein Atoll Orbital Sciences
HETE-2 NASA/MIT Low Earth AstronomyIn orbitOperational
11 October
23:17
Space Shuttle Discovery Kennedy LC-39A United Space Alliance
STS-92 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS assembly24 October
22:00
Successful
Z-1 Truss NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS componentIn orbitOperational
PMA-3 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS componentIn orbitOperational
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts
100th flight of the Space Shuttle program
13 October
14:12
Proton-K/DM-2 Baikonur Site 81/24
Kosmos 2374 (GLONASS) KNITs Medium Earth NavigationIn orbitOperational
Kosmos 2375 (GLONASS) KNITs Medium Earth NavigationIn orbitOperational
Kosmos 2376 (GLONASS) KNITs Medium Earth NavigationIn orbitOperational
16 October
21:27
Soyuz-U Baikonur Site 1/5 Roskosmos
Progress M-43 Roskosmos Low Earth (Mir) Logistics29 January 2001Successful
20 October
00:40
Atlas IIA Cape Canaveral SLC-36A
USA-153 (DSCS III B-11 US Air Force Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
21 October
05:52
Zenit-3SL Ocean Odyssey Sea Launch
Thuraya 1 Thuraya Operational: Geosychronous
Actual: Graveyard
CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful
Thuraya 1 retired in May 2007
21 October
22:00
Proton-K/DM-2M Baikonur Site 81/23 International Launch Services
GE 6 GE Americom Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
29 October
05:59
Ariane 4 44LP Kourou ELA-2 Arianespace
EuropeStar F1 EuropeStar Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
100th Ariane 4 launch
30 October
16:02
Long March 3A Xichang LC-2
Beidou 1A CNSA Geosynchronous NavigationIn orbitOperational
31 October
07:52
Soyuz-U Baikonur Site 1/5 Roskosmos
Soyuz TM-31 Roskosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS Expedition 15 June 2001
05:41
Successful
Crewed orbital flight with three cosmonauts

November

10 November
17:14
Delta II 7925-9.5 Cape Canaveral SLC-17A Boeing IDS
USA-154 (GPS IIR-6) US Air Force Medium Earth NavigationIn orbitOperational
16 November
01:07
Ariane 5G Kourou ELA-3 Arianespace
PAS-1R PanAmSat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
AMSAT-Oscar 40 AMSAT High Earth CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
STRV 1C DERA Geostationary transfer Technology developmentIn orbitOperational
STRV 1D DERA Geostationary transfer Technology developmentIn orbitOperational
16 November
01:32
Soyuz-U Baikonur Site 1/5 Roskosmos
Progress M1-4 Roskosmos Low Earth (ISS) Logistics8 February 2001
13:50
Successful
ISS flight 2P
20 November
23:00
Kosmos-3M Plesetsk Site 132/1
Quick Bird 1 EarthWatch Intended: Low Earth Earth Imaging21 November
~00:30
Launch Failure
Second stage failed to restart
21 November
18:24
Delta II 7320-10 Vandenberg SLC-2W Boeing IDS
Earth Observing-1 NASA Low Earth Technology developmentIn orbitOperational
SAC-C CONAE Low Earth Earth ObservationIn orbitOperational
Munin SISP Low Earth Particle detection
Auroral observation
In orbitOperational
21 November
23:56
Ariane 4 44L Kourou ELA-2 Arianespace
Anik F1 Telesat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
30 November
19:59
Proton-K/DM-2M Baikonur Site 81/23 International Launch Services
Radiosat 3 Sirius Tundra CommunicationsIn orbitOperational

December

1 December
03:06
Space Shuttle Endeavour Kennedy LC-39A United Space Alliance
STS-97 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS assembly11 December
23:03
Successful
P6 Truss NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS componentIn orbitOperational
Crewed orbital flight with five astronauts
5 December
12:32
Start-1 Svobodny Site 5
EROS-A Imagesat Low Earth Earth observationIn orbitOperational
6 December
02:47
Atlas IIAS Cape Canaveral SLC-36A
USA-155 (SDS-3-2) US Air Force Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
NRO L-10
20 December
00:26
Ariane 5G Kourou ELA-3 Arianespace
Astra 2D SES Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
GE 8 GE Americom Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
LDREX NASDA Geostationary transfer Technology development21 March 2010
03:40[6]
Failure
LDREX failed to deploy
20 December
16:20
Long March 3A Xichang LC-2
Beidou 1B CNSA Geosynchronous NavigationIn orbitOperational
27 December
09:56
Tsyklon-3 Plesetsk Site 32/1
Gonets-D1 Rosaviakosmos Intended: Low Earth Communications27 DecemberLaunch Failure
Gonets-D1 Rosaviakosmos Intended: Low Earth Communications
Gonets-D1 Rosaviakosmos Intended: Low Earth Communications
Strela-3 Intended: Low Earth Communications
Strela-3 Intended: Low Earth Communications
Strela-3 Intended: Low Earth Communications
Third stage malfunction

Deep Space Rendezvous

Date (GMT) Spacecraft Event Remarks
3 JanuaryGalileo12th flyby of Europa
23 JanuaryCassiniFlyby of 2685 Masursky
14 FebruaryNEARFirst orbiter of asteroid; entered orbit of 433 Eros
22 FebruaryGalileo3rd flyby of Io
20 MayGalileo5th flyby of Ganymede
28 DecemberGalileo6th flyby of Ganymede
30 DecemberCassiniFlyby of JupiterGravity assist

EVAs

Start Date/Time Duration End Time Spacecraft Crew Function Remarks
12 May
10:44
5 hours
3 minutes
15:47 Mir EO-28
Kvant-2
Sergei Zalyotin
Alexander Kaleri
Tested a leak sealant and inspected a malfunctioning solar panel on Kvant-1. A final photographic record of the outer surfaces of Mir was made during a panorama-inspection.[7] Final EVA conducted from the Mir space station.
22 May
01:48
6 hours
44 minutes
08:32 STS-101
ISS Atlantis
James S. Voss
Jeffrey Williams
Inspected and secured the Orbital Replacement Unit Transfer Device, completed assembly of Strela cargo crane, and replaced one of Unity's two early communication antennas.[8][9]
11 September
04:47
6 hours
14 minutes
11:01 STS-106
ISS Atlantis
Edward Lu
Yuri Malenchenko
Attached cabling that integrated the Zvezda module fully to the rest of the ISS, and constructed and attached a magnetometer that serves as a backup navigation system for the station.[10]
15 October
14:27
6 hours
28 minutes
20:55 STS-92
ISS Discovery
Leroy Chiao
William S. McArthur
Connected two sets of cables to provide power to heaters and conduits located on the Z1 truss, relocated two communication antenna assemblies, and installed a toolbox for use during future on-orbit construction.[11]
16 October
14:15
7 hours
7 minutes
21:22 STS-92
ISS Discovery
Michael Lopez-Alegria
Peter Wisoff
Installed the PMA-3 docking port, and prepared the Z1 truss for the installation of the solar arrays.[12]
17 October
14:30
6 hours
48 minutes
21:18 STS-92
ISS Discovery
Leroy Chiao
William S. McArthur
Installed two DC-to-DC converter units atop the Z1 truss.[13]
18 October
15:00
6 hours
56 minutes
21:56 STS-92
ISS Discovery
Michael Lopez-Alegria
Peter Wisoff
Removed a grapple fixture on the Z1 truss, deployed a Z1 utility tray, Manual Berthing Mechanism latches for Z1 were cycled and opened, and demonstrated the SAFER pack's abilities.[14][15]
3 December
18:35
7 hours
33 minutes
4 December
02:08
STS-97
ISS Endeavour
Joseph R. Tanner
Carlos I. Noriega
Attached the P6 truss to the Z1 Truss, and prepared the solar arrays and radiator for deployment.[16][17]
5 December
17:21
6 hours
37 minutes
23:58 STS-97
ISS Endeavour
Joseph R. Tanner
Carlos I. Noriega
Configured the space station to use power from P6. Positioned the S-band antenna for use by the space station. Prepared the station for the arrival of Destiny.[18]
7 December
16:13
5 hours
10 minutes
21:23 STS-97
ISS Endeavour
Joseph R. Tanner
Carlos I. Noriega
Positioned a floating potential probe to measure the plasma field surrounding the space station, performed repair work to increase tension in the starboard solar array blankets that did not stretch out completely during deployment, and installed a centerline camera cable outside the Unity node.[19]

References

Generic references:
 Spaceflight portal
  • Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
  • Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
  • Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.
  • Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
  • Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report".
  • McDowell, Jonathan. "Jonathan's Space Report".
  • Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
  • Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
  • Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
  • Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
  • "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
  • "NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
  • "Space Calendar". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
  • "Space Information Center". JAXA.
  • "Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).

Footnotes

  1. http://reentrynews.aero.org/2000039b.html
  2. "DM-F3". N2YO.com. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  3. "DM-F3". N2YO.com. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  4. "NOAA Weather Satellite suffers in-orbit Breakup". 25 November 2015. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
  5. "NOAA Weather Satellite suffers in-orbit Breakup". 25 November 2015. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
  6. http://reentrynews.aero.org/2000081c.html
  7. Wade, Mark (2008). "Mir EO-28". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 3 August 2009. Retrieved 18 January 2009.
  8. NASA (1999). "STS-101 Day 3 Highlights". NASA. Archived from the original on 17 September 2008. Retrieved 6 October 2008.
  9. NASA (2000). "STS-101 Day 4 Highlights". NASA. Archived from the original on 17 September 2008. Retrieved 6 October 2008.
  10. NASA (2000). "STS-106 Day 3 Highlights". NASA. Archived from the original on 17 September 2008. Retrieved 6 October 2008.
  11. NASA (2000). "STS-92 Day 5 Highlights". NASA. Archived from the original on 7 October 2008. Retrieved 6 October 2008.
  12. NASA (2000). "STS-92 Report #11". NASA. Archived from the original on 21 October 2008. Retrieved 6 October 2008.
  13. NASA (2000). "STS-92 Day 7 Highlights". NASA. Archived from the original on 11 October 2008. Retrieved 6 October 2008.
  14. NASA (2000). "STS-92 Day 8 Highlights". NASA. Archived from the original on 11 October 2008. Retrieved 6 October 2008.
  15. NASA (2000). "STS-92 Extravehicular Activities". NASA. Archived from the original on 28 August 2008. Retrieved 6 October 2008.
  16. NASA (2000). "STS-97 Extravehicular Activities". NASA. Retrieved 6 October 2008.
  17. NASA (2000). "STS-97 Day 4 Highlights". NASA. Archived from the original on 17 September 2008. Retrieved 6 October 2008.
  18. NASA (2000). "STS-97 Day 6 Highlights". NASA. Archived from the original on 6 October 2008. Retrieved 6 October 2008.
  19. NASA (2000). "STS-97 Day 8 Highlights". NASA. Archived from the original on 17 September 2008. Retrieved 6 October 2008.


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