1954 Tour de France

The 1954 Tour de France was the 41st edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 8 July to 1 August 1954. It consisted of 23 stages over 4,656 km (2,893 mi). The race was won by Louison Bobet, the second of his three consecutive wins.

1954 Tour de France
Route of the 1954 Tour de France followed counterclockwise, starting in Amsterdam and finishing in Paris
Race details
Dates8 July – 1 August
Stages23
Distance4,656 km (2,893 mi)
Winning time140h 06' 05"
Results
Winner  Louison Bobet (FRA) (France)
  Second  Ferdinand Kübler (SUI) (Switzerland)
  Third  Fritz Schär (SUI) (Switzerland)
Points  Ferdinand Kübler (SUI) (Switzerland)
  Mountains  Federico Bahamontes (ESP) (Spain)
  Combativity  Lucien Lazaridès (FRA)
 François Mahé (FRA)
  Team Switzerland

Teams
For a more comprehensive list, see List of teams and cyclists in the 1954 Tour de France.
The French team at the start of stage one

As was the custom since the 1930 Tour de France, the 1954 Tour de France was contested by national and regional teams. Seven national teams were sent, with 10 cyclists each from France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Switzerland and Luxembourg/Austria (the latter a combined team). France additionally sent five regional teams from 10 cyclists each, divided into North-East/Centre, West, South-East, Île-de-France and South-West. The combined team Luxembourg/Austria consisted of six Luxembourger cyclists, three Austrian cyclists and one from Liechtenstein. In total, 110 cyclists started the race.[1]

Notable absents were the Italian cyclists. In Italy, new sponsors had entered the market, named "extra-sportives" because they did not sell a product directly related to the sport. During the 1954 Giro d'Italia, this caused a strike, the Bernina strike. After this, the Italian federation decided not to send a team to the 1954 Tour de France.[2][3] In May, Italian Cycling Federation head Adriano Rodoni announced Italian riders would not participate in the Tour.[4]

The teams entering the race were:[1]

  • France
  • Netherlands
  • Belgium
  • Spain
  • Switzerland
  • Luxembourg/Austria
  • North-East/Centre
  • West
  • South-East
  • Île-de-France
  • South-West

Route and stages

The 1954 Tour de France was the first time that the Tour had started outside France, as it started in Amsterdam.[5] Also new was the team time trial. Although around 1930 the Tour had seen stages in which the teams started separately, in 1954 the team time trial format was reintroduced in a way that only the team time counted. Also the split stages were reintroduced. Stage 4 was divided into two parts: the team time trial of 10.4 km (part A), and a regular stage of 131 km (part B), both run on the same day. Similarly, stage 21 was divided into a regular stage of 134 km (part A) and an individual time trial of 72 km (part B), also both run on the same day. There were two rest days, in Bordeaux and Lyon.[5] The highest point of elevation in the race was 2,556 m (8,386 ft) at the summit tunnel of the Col du Galibier mountain pass on stage 19.[6][7]

Stage characteristics and winners[8][5][9][10]
Stage Date Course Distance Type Winner
1 8 July Amsterdam (Netherlands) to Brasschaat (Belgium)216 km (134 mi) Plain stage Wout Wagtmans (NED)
2 9 July Beveren (Belgium) to Lille255 km (158 mi) Plain stage Louison Bobet (FRA)
3 10 July Lille to Rouen219 km (136 mi) Plain stage Marcel Dussault (FRA)
4a 11 July Rouen to Circuit des Essarts10.4 km (6 mi) Team time trial Switzerland
4b Rouen to Caen131 km (81 mi) Plain stage Wim van Est (NED)
5 12 July Caen to Saint-Brieuc224 km (139 mi) Plain stage Ferdinand Kübler (SUI)
6 13 July Saint-Brieuc to Brest179 km (111 mi) Plain stage Dominique Forlini (FRA)
7 14 July Brest to Vannes211 km (131 mi) Plain stage Jacques Vivier (FRA)
8 15 July Vannes to Angers190 km (118 mi) Plain stage Fred De Bruyne (BEL)
9 16 July Angers to Bordeaux343 km (213 mi) Plain stage Henk Faanhof (NED)
17 July Bordeaux Rest day
10 18 July Bordeaux to Bayonne202 km (126 mi) Plain stage Gilbert Bauvin (FRA)
11 19 July Bayonne to Pau241 km (150 mi) Stage with mountain(s) Stan Ockers (BEL)
12 20 July Pau to Luchon161 km (100 mi) Stage with mountain(s) Gilbert Bauvin (FRA)
13 21 July Luchon to Toulouse203 km (126 mi) Plain stage Fred De Bruyne (BEL)
14 22 July Toulouse to Millau225 km (140 mi) Stage with mountain(s) Ferdinand Kübler (SUI)
15 23 July Millau to Le Puy197 km (122 mi) Stage with mountain(s) Dominique Forlini (FRA)
16 24 July Le Puy to Lyon194 km (121 mi) Stage with mountain(s) Jean Forestier (FRA)
25 July Lyon Rest day
17 26 July Lyon to Grenoble182 km (113 mi) Stage with mountain(s) Lucien Lazaridès (FRA)
18 27 July Grenoble to Briançon216 km (134 mi) Stage with mountain(s) Louison Bobet (FRA)
19 28 July Briançon to Aix-les-Bains221 km (137 mi) Stage with mountain(s) Jean Dotto (FRA)
20 29 July Aix les Bains to Besançon243 km (151 mi) Stage with mountain(s) Lucien Teisseire (FRA)
21a 30 July Besançon to Épinal134 km (83 mi) Plain stage François Mahé (FRA)
21b Epinal to Nancy72 km (45 mi) Individual time trial Louison Bobet (FRA)
22 31 July Nancy to Troyes216 km (134 mi) Plain stage Fred De Bruyne (BEL)
23 1 August Troyes to Paris180 km (112 mi) Plain stage Robert Varnajo (FRA)
Total 4,656 km (2,893 mi)[11]

    Race overview

    In the first stage, Wout Wagtmans won the sprint, and took the yellow jersey. He would remain the leader until the team time trial in stage 4, when the French team won back enough time on the Dutch team for Bobet to take over the lead.[3] In that time trial, over 10.4 km, the winning team was decided by adding the times of the three best cyclists per team. For the general classification, every cyclist got added his individual time.[12] In the second part of the fourth stage, former winner Jean Robic hit a photographer during the sprint, fell down and had to give up.[3]

    In the eighth stage, Wagtmans had joined a breakaway, which won enough time on Bobet for Wagtmans to take back the yellow jersey.[3] Wagtmans fell down in the eleventh stage,[13] and although he managed to keep his lead until the start of the twelfth stage, he continued without morale.[3] In the twelfth stage in the Pyrenees, three important riders attacked: Bauvin, Bahamontes and Malléjac. They stayed ahead, and Bauvin jumped to the first position in the general classification. Bobet was not far behind these three, and moved into the second place.[14] In that twelfth stage, Hugo Koblet had fallen down, and lost 27 minutes, and his chances to win the Tour de France a second time.[15] In the next stage, Koblet gave up.[16]

    In the fourteenth stage, the Swiss cyclists were fighting back. They were riding as fast as they could, and the leading group was getting smaller. Bauvin also could not keep up with that group, partly because he had a flat tire, and finished 8 minutes behind, losing the leading position. Bobet however could keep up with the Swiss pace,[2] and took over the yellow jersey as leader of the general classification.[14]

    In the sixteenth stage, Bauvin lost another 20 minutes, and dropped to sixth place.[2] The Swiss cyclists had attacked Bobet where they could, but were unable to gain time on him. They had moved into second and third place of the general classification.[14] In the eighteenth stage, Bobet dominated, and dropped all of the other contenders. He won by a margin of one minute and 49 seconds, and his margin in the general classification was 12 minutes 49 seconds, which would normally be large enough for the victory.[14] Bobet also won the individual time trial, and thereby increased his margin even more.[3]

    The Swiss cyclists could not attack Bobet anymore in the last stages, so Bobet won his second Tour de France. The Swiss team had performed well though, capturing the second and third place in the general classification, winning the team classification and having Kübler win the points classification.

    Classification leadership and minor prizes
    Ferdinand Kübler won the points classification in the 1954 Tour de France.

    The time that each cyclist required to finish each stage was recorded, and these times were added together for the general classification. If a cyclist had received a time bonus, it was subtracted from this total; all time penalties were added to this total. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey.[17] Of the 110 cyclists that started the 1954 Tour de France, 69 finished the race.

    The points classification was calculated in the same way as in 1953, following the calculation method from the Tours de France from 1905 to 1912. Points were given according to the ranking of the stage: the winner received one points, the next cyclist two points, and so on. These points were added, and the cyclist with the fewest points was the leader of the points classification. In 1954, this was won by Ferdinand Kübler.[8]

    Points for the mountains classification were earned by reaching the mountain tops first.[18] The system was almost the same as in 1953: there were two types of mountain tops: the hardest ones, in category 1, gave 10 points to the first cyclist, the easier ones, in category 2, gave 6 points to the first cyclist, and the easiest ones, in category 3, gave 3 points. Federico Bahamontes won this classification.[8]

    The team classification was calculated as the sum of the daily team classifications, and the daily team classification was calculated by adding the times in the stage result of the best three cyclists per team.[19] It was won by the Swiss team.[5]

    In addition, there was a combativity award given after each stage to the cyclist considered most combative. The split stages each had a combined winner. The decision was made by a jury composed of journalists who gave points. The cyclist with the most points from votes in all stages led the combativity classification. At the end of the Tour de France, Lucien Lazaridès and François Mahé were leading this classification with equal points and shared the overall super-combativity award.[20] The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given to the first rider to pass the memorial to Tour founder Henri Desgrange near the summit of the Col du Galibier on stage 19. This prize was won by Federico Bahamontes.[21]

    Classification leadership by stage[22][23]
    Stage Winner General classification
    		 Points classification
    		 Mountains classification[lower-alpha 1] Team classification Combativity Bad luck award
    Award Classification
    1 Wout Wagtmans Wout Wagtmans Wout Wagtmans no award Netherlands Hugo Koblet Hugo Koblet Ferdi Kübler
    2 Louison Bobet Gilbert Bauvin France Lucien Lazaridès Lucien Lazaridès Charly Gaul
    3 Marcel Dussault Richard Van Genechten Hein van Breenen
    4a Switzerland Louison Bobet Charly Gaul
    4b Wim van Est
    5 Ferdinand Kübler Vincent Vitetta Rolf Graf
    6 Dominique Forlini Ferdinand Kübler Switzerland René De Smet Albert Bouvet
    7 Jacques Vivier Émile Guérinel Gilbert Bauvin
    8 Fred De Bruyne Wout Wagtmans Jean Le Guilly Alfons Van den Brande
    9 Henk Faanhof François Mahé Vincent Vitetta
    10 Gilbert Bauvin Jean Stablinski Jean Stablinski Hugo Koblet
    11 Stan Ockers Federico Bahamontes Valentin Huot Nicolas Morn
    12 Gilbert Bauvin Gilbert Bauvin Federico Bahamontes François Mahé Richard Van Genechten
    13 Fred De Bruyne René Privat Valentin Huot
    14 Ferdinand Kübler Louison Bobet Lucien Lazaridès Lucien Lazaridès Gilbert Bauvin
    15 Dominique Forlini Gerrit Voorting Emile Guérinel
    16 Jean Forestier Robert Varnajo Lucien Lazaridès
    17 Lucien Lazaridès Jean Le Guilly Jean Le Guilly
    18 Louison Bobet Louison Bobet Wim van Est
    19 Jean Dotto Jean Dotto Antonin Rolland
    20 Lucien Teisseire François Mahé Robert Varnajo
    21a François Mahé Louison Bobet Jean Stablinski
    21b Louison Bobet
    22 Fred De Bruyne Fred De Bruyne Jos Suijkerbuijk
    23 Robert Varnajo Fred De Bruyne Federico Bahamontes
    Final Louison Bobet Ferdinand Kübler Federico Bahamontes Switzerland Lucien Lazaridès and François Mahé

    Final standings

    General classification
    Final general classification (1–10)[24]
    RankRiderTeamTime
    1  Louison Bobet (FRA)France140h 06' 05"
    2  Ferdinand Kübler (SUI)Switzerland+ 15' 49"
    3  Fritz Schär (SUI)Switzerland+ 21' 46"
    4  Jean Dotto (FRA)South-East+ 28' 21"
    5  Jean Malléjac (FRA)West+ 31' 38"
    6  Stan Ockers (BEL)Belgium+ 36' 02"
    7  Louis Bergaud (FRA)South-West+ 37' 55"
    8  Vincent Vitetta (FRA)South-East+ 41' 14"
    9  Jean Brankart (BEL)Belgium+ 42' 08"
    10  Gilbert Bauvin (FRA)North-East/Centre+ 42' 21"

    Points classification

    Final points classification (1–10)[25]
    RankRiderTeamPoints
    1  Ferdinand Kübler (SUI)Switzerland215.5
    2  Stan Ockers (BEL)Belgium284.5
    3  Fritz Schär (SUI)Switzerland286.5
    4  Wim van Est (NED)Netherlands502.5
    5  Louison Bobet (FRA)France513
    6  Gilbert Bauvin (FRA)North-East/Centre615
    7  Dominique Forlini (FRA)Île-de-France618
    8  Vincent Vitetta (FRA)South-East653
    9  Richard Van Genechten (BEL)Belgium660
    10  Jean Malléjac (FRA)West675

    Mountains classification

    Final mountains classification (1–10)[26][27]
    RankRiderTeamPoints
    1  Federico Bahamontes (ESP)Spain95
    2  Louison Bobet (FRA)France53
    3  Richard Van Genechten (BEL)Belgium45
    4  Jean Le Guilly (FRA)Île-de-France38
    5  Jean Dotto (FRA)South-East33
    6  Ferdinand Kübler (SUI)Switzerland31
    7  Jean Malléjac (FRA)West23
    8  Stan Ockers (BEL)Belgium20
     Robert Varnajo (FRA)West
    10  Bernardo Ruiz (ESP)Spain16

    Team classification

    Final team classification[28]
    RankTeamTime
    1 Switzerland420h 29' 57"
    2 France+ 18' 27"
    3 Belgium+ 32' 19"
    4 Netherlands+ 1h 09' 00"
    5 South-East+ 1h 13' 37"
    6 Spain+ 2h 26' 08"
    7 West+ 2h 42' 58"
    8 North-East/Centre+ 3h 50' 16"
    9 South-West+ 4h 08' 31"
    10 Île-de-France+ 4h 27' 52"
    11 Luxembourg/Austria+ 10h 20' 27"

    Combativity classification

    Final combativity classification (1–10)[29]
    RankRiderTeamPoints
    1  Lucien Lazaridès (FRA)South-East20
     François Mahé (FRA)West
    3  Louison Bobet (FRA)France18
     Fred De Bruyne (BEL)Belgium
    5  Robert Varnajo (FRA)West11
    6  René Privat (FRA)South-West10
     Jean Dotto (FRA)South-East
     Jean Le Guilly (FRA)Île-de-France
     Richard Van Genechten (BEL)Belgium
     Vincent Vitetta (FRA)South-East

    Aftermath

    After he won the Tour de France, Bobet would later win the 1954 UCI Road World Championships.[2] The next year he would win the 1955 Tour de France, thereby becoming the first cyclist to win three Tours in a row.

    Notes
    1. No jersey was awarded to the leader of the mountains classification until a white jersey with red polka dots was introduced in 1975.[18]

    References
    1. "The history of the Tour de France – Year 1954 – The starters". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
    2. McGann & McGann 2006, pp. 198–206.
    3. Amels 1984, pp. 71–72.
    4. "Les Italiens ne participeront pas officiellement au Tour de France" [Italians will not officially participate in the Tour de France] (PDF). Confédéré (in French). 21 May 1954. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 October 2019 – via RERO.
    5. Augendre 2016, p. 45.
    6. Augendre 2016, pp. 177–178.
    7. "De Ronde van Frankrijk 1954" [The Tour de France 1954]. Het Vrije Volk (in Dutch). 8 July 1954. p. 7 – via Delpher.
    8. "41ème Tour de France 1954" (in French). Mémoire du cyclisme. Archived from the original on 1 March 2012. Retrieved 26 September 2016.
    9. Arian Zwegers. "Tour de France GC top ten". CVCC. Archived from the original on 10 June 2009. Retrieved 10 December 2009.
    10. "The history of the Tour de France – Year 1954 – The stage winners". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
    11. Augendre 2016, p. 109.
    12. "41ème Tour de France 1954 - 4ème étape (a)" (in French). Mémoire du cyclisme. Archived from the original on 2 March 2012. Retrieved 26 September 2016.
    13. "Nolten stijgt weer in het klassement" (in Dutch). Leeuwarder Courant. 20 July 1954. Retrieved 10 December 2009.
    14. Barry Boyce (2004). "Bobet Excels Again". Cycling Revealed. Retrieved 10 December 2009.
    15. "Nolten rukt op, thans zevende" (in Dutch). Leeuwarder Courant. 21 July 1954. Retrieved 10 December 2009.
    16. "De Bruyne wint voor de tweede keer een etappe" (in Dutch). Leeuwarder Courant. 21 July 1954. Retrieved 10 December 2009.
    17. Nauright & Parrish 2012, pp. 452–453.
    18. Nauright & Parrish 2012, p. 454.
    19. Nauright & Parrish 2012, p. 455.
    20. van den Akker 2018, pp. 211–216.
    21. "La Vuelta a Francia" [The Tour de France] (PDF). El Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). 29 July 1954. p. 3.
    22. "Het Tour panorama 1954" [The Tour panorama 1954]. Gazet van Antwerpen (in Dutch). 3 August 1954. p. 8. Archived from the original on 16 February 2019.
    23. van den Akker, Pieter. "Informatie over de Tour de France van 1954" [Information about the Tour de France from 1954]. TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 2 March 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
    24. "The history of the Tour de France – Year 1954 – Stage 23 Troyes > Paris". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
    25. "Puntenrangschikking" [Points ranking]. Gazet van Antwerpen (in Dutch). 2 August 1954. p. 9. Archived from the original on 3 October 2019.
    26. "Bobet toont in de tijdrit zijn grote klasse" [Bobet shows his great class in the time trial] (in Dutch). Leeuwarder Courant. 31 July 1954.
    27. "La Vuelta a Francia" [The Tour of France] (PDF). Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). 31 July 1954. p. 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 October 2019.
    28. "Bobet onbetwist winnaar van de Tour de France" [Bobet undisputed winner of the Tour de France] (in Dutch). Leeuwarder Courant. 2 August 1954.
    29. "La Vuelta Ciclista a Francia" [The Cycling Tour of France] (PDF). Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). 2 August 1954. p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 September 2019.

    Bibliography

    Media related to 1954 Tour de France at Wikimedia Commons

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