1228
Year 1228 (MCCXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| 1228 by topic |
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| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1228 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1228 MCCXXVIII |
| Ab urbe condita | 1981 |
| Armenian calendar | 677 ԹՎ ՈՀԷ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5978 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1149–1150 |
| Bengali calendar | 635 |
| Berber calendar | 2178 |
| English Regnal year | 12 Hen. 3 – 13 Hen. 3 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1772 |
| Burmese calendar | 590 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6736–6737 |
| Chinese calendar | 丁亥年 (Fire Pig) 3924 or 3864 — to — 戊子年 (Earth Rat) 3925 or 3865 |
| Coptic calendar | 944–945 |
| Discordian calendar | 2394 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1220–1221 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4988–4989 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1284–1285 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1149–1150 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4328–4329 |
| Holocene calendar | 11228 |
| Igbo calendar | 228–229 |
| Iranian calendar | 606–607 |
| Islamic calendar | 625–626 |
| Japanese calendar | Antei 2 (安貞２年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1136–1137 |
| Julian calendar | 1228 MCCXXVIII |
| Korean calendar | 3561 |
| Minguo calendar | 684 before ROC 民前684年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −240 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1770–1771 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴火猪年 (female Fire-Pig) 1354 or 973 or 201 — to — 阳土鼠年 (male Earth-Rat) 1355 or 974 or 202 |
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Events
By area
Africa
- Abu Zakariya founds the Hafsid dynasty in Ifriqiyah (today's Tunisia).
Asia
Europe
- April 25 – Conrad IV of Germany becomes titular King of Jerusalem, with Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor as regent.
- June 28 – The Sixth Crusade is launched from Brindisi by Emperor Frederick II, after delays due to sickness and an excommunication from Pope Gregory IX.
- Baldwin II becomes emperor of the Latin Empire in Constantinople, with John of Brienne as regent.
- The Transylvanian town of Reghin is first mentioned, in a charter of Andrew II of Hungary.
- Spain: King James I of Aragon launches a major offensive against the Muslims in Majorca. The same year, in Murcia, confronted by increasing Christian pressure, the cadi (soon to be called emir), Ibn Hud al-Yamadi, denounces the Almohads and acknowledges the Abbasids as legitimate caliphs, in effect declaring independence.[1] Other notable Christian success: Alfonso IX of León conquers Mérida.[2]
By topic
Markets
- The city of Tournai emits its first recorded life annuity, thus confirming a trend of consolidation of public debts started ten years earlier, in Reims.[3]
- The first evidence is uncovered of the use of the Knights Templar as cashiers by the king of England, to transfer safely important sums to the continent, using letters of exchange. This shows that large transfers could take place across Europe, even before the emergence of important networks of Italian merchant-bankers.[4]
Religion
- July 16 – Saint Francis of Assisi is canonized by Pope Gregory IX.
Births
- April 25 – Conrad IV of Germany (d. 1254)[5]
- Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi, Egyptian Islamic legal scholar
Deaths
- January – Robert of Courtenay, emperor of the Latin Empire
- April 25 – Queen Isabella II of Jerusalem (b. 1212)
- June – Reginald de Braose, English rebel baron
- July 9 – Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury
- September 24 – Stefan the First-Crowned, King of Serbia
- date unknown – Aedh Ua Conchobair, King of Connacht
References
- Linehan, Peter (1999). "Chapter 21: Castile, Portugal and Navarre". In Abulafia, David (ed.). The New Cambridge Medieval History c.1198-c.1300. Cambridge University Press. pp. 668–699 [672]. ISBN 0-521-36289-X.
- Picard, Christophe (2000). Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose. p. 110. ISBN 2-7068-1398-9.
- Zuijderduijn, Jaco (2009). Medieval Capital Markets. Markets for renten, state formation and private investment in Holland (1300-1550). Leiden/Boston: Brill. ISBN 978-9-00417565-5.
- Ferris, Eleanor (1902). "The Financial Relations of the Knights Templars to the English Crown". American Historical Review. 8 (1).
- "Conrad IV | king of Germany". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved February 14, 2020.
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