Zefta

Zefta (Arabic: زفتى‎  pronounced [ˈzeftæ], Coptic: ⲍⲉⲃⲉⲑⲉ Zevethe[2]) is an Egyptian town in the Nile delta, belongs to Gharbia governorate. It is across the Nile from Mit Ghamr city of Ad Daqahliyah governorate.

Zefta

Zifta
City
Zefta
Location in Gharbia, Egypt
Zefta
Zefta (Egypt)
Coordinates: 30.7142°N 31.24425°E / 30.7142; 31.24425[1]
Country Egypt
GovernorateGharbia
Elevation16 m (52 ft)
Population
 • Total92,667
Time zoneUTC+02:00 (EET)

History

In the 12th century, Zefta was an important regional trading center, especially for textiles; silk, flax, indigo, sesame, and sugar were among the commodities bought and sold here. Some of these products were consumed locally, while others were sent to other towns, including Cairo.[3]

In the 1670s, Abbas Agha, the Chief Eunuch of the Ottoman Empire, made a large waqf endowment consisting of diverse Egyptian properties. Zefta was home to the single largest number of properties he endowed, leading Jane Hathaway to describe it as his "pet charity".[3] Among Abbas Agha's endowments in Zefta was a large complex where coffee beans were pounded and roasted, along with an associated coffeehouse.[4][3] Hathaway hypothesizes that, given its earlier importance as a trade center, 17th-century Zefta remained an important entrepot where boats carrying coffee from Suez to Cairo would stop. From Zefta, the coffee would then have been taken into other towns for consumption.[3] Other properties Abbas Agha endowed in Zifta included a qaysariyya, caravanserai, fifteen shops and two workshops, and a school teaching the Qur'an - the only school included in the endowment. He also left four copper vessels to the physicians of Zefta, a rare exception to the rule that waqf endowments must consist of immovable property.[3]

The 1885 Census of Egypt recorded Zifta as a city in its own district in Gharbia Governorate; at that time, the population of the city was 11,087 (5,571 men and 5,516 women).[5]

Zefta is well known in the modern Egyptian history during the 1919 uprising, lately called Egyptian Revolution of 1919, when the British occupation expelled Saad Zaghloul Pasha out of Egypt along other leaders of Wafd Party and were exiled to Malta, the people of Zefta, led by Youssef El Guindi, gathered and declared their independence of the crown and named it Zefta Republic. The town of Zefta has also seen the birth of Mostafa Younis, who works in the field of aviation, Fouad Younis, who works as an accountant and the engineer Moghad Younis.

Zefta, is the location of one of Nile barrages built during 1881–1952 to control the Nile flow.

Notable figures born in or around Zefta include:
Kimon Evan Marengo, Mostafa Kamal Tolba , Mostafa El-Sayed, Mark Ibn Kunbar, Ahmed Seif al-Islam Keshty and Eman Hassaballa Aly.

gollark: The line```lua local h = assert(http.get(url, nil, true)) -- binary mode, to avoid any weirdness```in potatOS works in CCEmuX but not CraftOS-PC. Although it might be that the HTTP thing is broken too, I can't check.
gollark: CraftOS-PC's `assert` seems to work differently to the CC one.
gollark: But if you only plan to add new functions, programs can also just do `if not(library.thing and library.otherThing) then error "update weird libraries or something" end`
gollark: Maybe also supply a "is version of X greater than" function.
gollark: Also that.

See also

References
  1. "Geonames.org. Zefta, Egypt". Retrieved 30 May 2020.
  2. Emile Amélineau. La géographie de l’Egypte à l'époque copte. — Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1893. — 690 p
  3. Hathaway, Jane (1994). "The Wealth and Influence of an Exiled Ottoman Eunuch in Egypt: The Waqf Inventory of ʿAbbās Agha". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 37 (4): 302–303, 307–308. doi:10.2307/3632654. JSTOR 3632654.
  4. Hathaway, Jane (2014). The Arab Lands under Ottoman Rule: 1516-1800. Routledge. p. 177. ISBN 9781317875635. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
  5. Egypt min. of finance, census dept (1885). Recensement général de l'Égypte. p. 320. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
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