Zeese

A Zeese (pronounced [ˈtseːzə], pl. Zeesen) is a traditional type of fishing gear used for bottom trawling in the shallow coastal waters (Bodden) of Pomerania. Depending on the type of the Zeese, it is drawn by one or two boats (Zees(en)boot or Tuckern, respectively).

Zeesenboot on a Bodden.

Etymology

"Zeese" is one of the few words which remained in use after the medieval replacement of West Slavic dialects with Low German ones in northeastern Germany.[1] According to Bielfeldt, it derives from Pomeranian seza, which in turn has its roots in Slavic *sěděti, meaning "sit."[2]

Zeese nets

The Zeese trawls used in the late 20th century were about 10 metres (33 ft) long, with wings of about 5 metres (16 ft).[3] Historical Zeese trawls did not have wings, and all consisted of three consecutive compartments.[4] From front to rear, these were termed Stolz, Mittelzeese or Hinternetz, and Stoß.[4] Types of Zeese nets differed in size of these compartments, the size of the mouth, the size of the meshes, and whether a valve (Kohle) was integrated into the second compartment.[5]

Historical types of Zeese trawls
Zeese Length Stolz Mittelzeese Stoß Kohle Trawler(s)
Tuckerzeese 18.8 to 19.5 metres (62 to 64 ft) 11.6 metres (38 ft) 6.3 metres (21 ft) 0.94 to 1.6 metres (3.1 to 5.2 ft) 4.7 to 5 metres (15 to 16 ft) two Tuckern
Zeesenetz 15 to 19 metres (49 to 62 ft) 10.4 to 11.0 metres (34.1 to 36.1 ft) 6.9 to 7.2 metres (23 to 24 ft) 0.3 to 0.6 metres (0.98 to 1.97 ft) 3.8 metres (12 ft) one Zeesenboot
Zollnerzeese 14.8 to 15.7 metres (49 to 52 ft) two Zollnerkähne
Taglerzeese 6.9 metres (23 ft) 3.5 metres (11 ft) 3.1 metres (10 ft) 0.3 metres (0.98 ft) 2.8 metres (9.2 ft) two rowing boats
Strohgarn / Streuer 4.7 to 5.6 metres (15 to 18 ft) yes two rowing boats
Treibgarn none two rowing boats
Stintzeese none two rowing or sailing boats
Triftzeese 4.7 to 5.6 metres (15 to 18 ft) none one Zeesenboot
Streichwade
Kesser (smaller variant of Streichwade)
Gruzeese (like Stintzeese) yes none (wading)
Grukesser (smaller variant of Kesser)
[5]

Zeese trawlers
The hull of a Zeese trawler is wide and nearly flat at the bottom, with the keel protruding only a few centimetres, to allow sideward sailing.

Zeesenboot trawlers (Zeesenboote) are sailing boats which carry the Zeese on two ropes (Reepe) tied to stem and post stem[6] or stem and Driftboom, a cantilever at the stern exceeding the length of the post stem. The Zeese is always on the luff side, since the trawler draws the net by drifting sidewards[6] under full sail. The reddish color of most Zeesenboot sails derives from their traditional treatment with oak bark, to protect them against fungal infestation; to preserve their traditional look, this typical color is applied also to Zeesenboot sails made of modern materials.

Sources

References
  1. Greule et al. (2001), p. 285.
  2. Bielfeldt (1982), pp. 77, 211.
  3. Rudolph (1969), p. 18.
  4. Emsmann (1865), p. 84.
  5. Emsmann (1865), pp. 84–87.
  6. Emsmann (1865), p. 86.

Bibliography
  • Bielfeldt, Hans Holm (1982). Die slawischen Wörter im Deutschen. Opuscula (in German). 15. Zentralantiquariat der DDR.
  • Emsmann, H. (1865). "Die Fischereiarten an und auf den Odermündungen bis aufwärts Stettin". Gaea (in German). 1. Lehmann. pp. 81–88.
  • Greule, Albrecht, ed. (2001). Deutsche Kanzleisprachen im europäischen Kontext. Beiträge zur Kanzleisprachenforschung (in German). 1. Edition Praesens. ISBN 3-7069-0109-9.
  • Rudolph, Wolfgang (1969). Segelboote der deutschen Ostseeküste (in German). Akademie-Verlag.
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