Za (cuneiform)

The cuneiform sign za is a common use sign in the Amarna letters and the Epic of Gilgamesh. It is used syllabically for ṣa, za, and ZA (ZA as parts of personal names, places, or common words, etc.), and alphabetically for "ṣ" (s), "z", or "a". (All the 4 vowels, a, e, i, o are interchangeable.)

Cuneiform za, ṣa, and ZA sign. (Assyrian)
Cuneiform sign ZA, 13 line, 3rd character from line end, EA 15, Obverse. (See line drawing below)

In the 14th century BC Amarna letters, "za" is used in the spelling of the word for "mayor" (city, city-state administrator), Akkadian hazannu.[1] For example in EA 144 (from Zimreddi of Sidon), obverse, line 5: "man-hazzanu", -Ha-za-nu. Za has a fairly high usage in the vassal states sub-corpus of the Amarna letters.

Epic of Gilgamesh use

For the Epic of Gilgamesh, the following usage is found in Tablets I-XII: ṣa-(79 times); za-(32); ZA-(15 times).[2]

Symbol

--Cuneiform sign ZA

  • Borger (2003): 851
  • Borger (1981):
  • HZL: 366
phonetic values
  • Sumerian: ZA
  • Akkadian: za, sà, ṣa
  • Hittite:


gollark: Yes, because they compile the binaries on their end.
gollark: I use Arch Linux, which is rolling release (there are no fixed versions of the distro, you just update your packages whenever they get updated), very flexible (you install it manually, choosing partition layout, DE, extra software, etc), and has the AUR, a giant collection of user-packaged software.
gollark: Plus different stuff for managing services.
gollark: Many of them have different sets of available packages and stuff, or different package managers, or different desktop environments (you can usually swap them, though).
gollark: There are quite significant differences between distros, actually.

References

  1. Rainey, 1970. El Amarna Tablets, 359-379, Glossary:Vocabulary, hazannu, pp. 55-87, p. 64.
  2. Parpola, 197l. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Sign List, p. 165, Sign no. 586, ṣa/za.
  • Held, Schmalstieg, Gertz, 1987. Beginning Hittite. Warren H. Held, Jr, William R. Schmalstieg, Janet E. Gertz, c. 1987, Slavica Publishers, Inc. w/ Glossaries, Sign List, Indexes, etc., 218 pages.
  • Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. The Amarna Letters. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, 1992. 393 pages.(softcover, ISBN 0-8018-6715-0)
  • Parpola, 197l. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Parpola, Simo, Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, c 1997, Tablet I thru Tablet XII, Index of Names, Sign List, and Glossary-(pp. 119–145), 165 pages.
  • Rainey, 1970. El Amarna Tablets, 359-379, Anson F. Rainey, (AOAT 8, Alter Orient Altes Testament 8)




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