Yuksporite

Yuksporite is a rare inosilicate mineral with double width, unbranched chains, and the complicated chemical formula K4(Ca,Na)14Sr2Mn(Ti,Nb)4(O,OH)4(Si6O17)2(Si2O7)3(H2O,OH)3.[5] It contains the relatively rare elements strontium, titanium and niobium, as well as the commoner metallic elements potassium, calcium, sodium and manganese. As with all silicates, it contains groups of linked silicon and oxygen atoms, as well as some associated water molecules.

Yuksporite
Yuksporite from the Khibiny Massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia (4 cm across)
General
CategoryInosilicates
Formula
(repeating unit)		see text
Strunz classification9.DG.95
Dana classification66.3.1.5
Crystal systemMonoclinic
Crystal classPrismatic (2/m)
(same H-M symbol)
Space groupP2/m
Identification
Formula mass2,546.97 g/mol
ColorBrownish pink to rose-red to straw-yellow
Crystal habitFibrous, scaly or lamellar
Mohs scale hardness​4 1⁄2 to 5
LusterVitreous, silky
StreakNearly white to white
DiaphaneitySemitransparent
Specific gravity3.05
Optical propertiesBiaxial
Refractive indexnα = 1.644, nγ = 1.660
PleochroismX pale rose-yellow, Y, Z rose-yellow
Other characteristicsBarely detectable radioactivity
References[1][2][3][4][5]

Yuksporite is a member of the umbite group that has just two known members, umbite, K2ZrSi3O9.H2O, and yuksporite.[2] It was first reported in 1922, from nepheline syenite occurrences in the Kola Peninsula, Russia, and named by Alexander Fersman for the locality, near Mount Yukspor.[6]

Unit cell

Yuksporite was originally thought to be orthorhombic, space group unknown.[1][2][4] In 2004, however, the structure was solved using synchrotron radiation and found to be monoclinic 2/m with space group P21/m.[3][7] The monoclinic unit cell has two formula units per cell (Z = 2)[3] and side lengths a = 7.126 Å, b = 24.913 Å and c = 17.075 Å, with the angle β between the a and c axes equal to 101.89°.[7]

Appearance

The mineral is brownish pink, rose pink or yellowish in color, with a silky to vitreous luster and a nearly white streak. It occurs in semi-transparent fibrous, scaly or lamellar aggregates up to 10 cm across.[1]

Properties

Yuksporite is a biaxial mineral, but most authors do not specify whether it is (+) or (-); the Handbook of Mineralogy[4] gives it as (+). All agree, however, that the refractive indices are Nx = 1.644 and Nz = 1.660 (with Ny unspecified), which are larger than those for quartz, but similar to those for tourmaline. Yuksporite shows pleochroism, with X pale rose-yellow, and Y, Z rose-yellow. It has a hardness of ​4 1⁄2 to 5, between fluorite and apatite, and specific gravity 3.05, similar to fluorite. It exhibits barely detectable radioactivity.[3]

Occurrence and associations

The type locality is the Hackman Valley, Yukspor Mt, Khibiny Massif, Murmanskaja Oblast', Northern Region, Russia,[2] and type material is conserved at the Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, catalogue number 25847.[4] The only occurrences reported by Mindat.org are in Russia. At the Khibiny massif it occurs in veins in nepheline syenite associated with titanite, pectolite, astrophyllite, biotite and aegirine.[6] At the Murun Massif in the Sakha Republic it is associated with aegirine, kalsilite, potassic feldspar, titanite, lamprophyllite, wadeite and tausonite.[4]

Yuksporite from Russia
gollark: The Islamic god is claimed to be omnipotent, I think. Thus, they know *in advance* if someone is going to go to hell or not when they're created or whatever. And then create them/allow them to be created *anyway*, knowing they're bound for eternal torture because a system they created makes them get eternally tortured. Just... why?
gollark: I consider eternal torture unethical *anyway*, but given the situation with god it's even worse.
gollark: I'm fairly sure Islam has a hell-type thing.
gollark: I think Islam has the whole "eternal torture" thing going on too, which is not very good.
gollark: I am not insulting you, merely your belief system.

References
  1. Gaines et al (1997) Dana’s New Mineralogy Eighth Edition. Wiley
  2. http://www.mindat.org/min-4378.html
  3. http://www.webmineral.com/data/Yuksporite.shtml
  4. http://www.handbookofmineralogy.org
  5. http://rruff.info/ima
  6. Schairer J F (1927). "New Mineral Names: summarising Fersman A E (1923) Transactions of the Northern Scientific and Economic Expedition (16) 16-73" (PDF). American Mineralogist. 12: 58.
  7. Krivovichev, Yakovenchuk, Armbruster, Dobelin, Pattison, Weber and Depmeier (2004) American Mineralogist 89:1561
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