Yolanda of Flanders

Yolanda of Flanders, Marchioness of Namur (French: Yolande de Hainault; 1175 – August 1219) was Empress of the Latin Empire in Constantinople in her own right from 1216 to 1219[1] and from 1217 as a sole ruler, after her spouse Peter II of Courtenay was captured and imprisoned before he could reach Constantinople. She was ruling Marchioness of Namur from 1212 until 1219.

Yolanda of Flanders
Born	1175
Died	1219 (aged 43–44)
Noble family	Flanders
Spouse(s)	Peter, Latin Emperor
Detail Issue Philip II, Marquis of Namur Robert I, Latin Emperor Henry II, Marquis of Namur Baldwin II, Latin Emperor Margaret, Marchioness of Namur Elizabeth of Courtenay Yolanda of Courtenay Maria of Courtenay
Father	Baldwin V, Count of Hainault
Mother	Margaret I, Countess of Flanders

Biography

Yolanda was the daughter of Baldwin V, Count of Hainault, and Countess Margaret I of Flanders.[2] Two of her brothers, Baldwin I and then Henry, were emperors in Constantinople.[2]

In 1212, Yolanda became Marchioness of Namur after her brother, Marquis Philip I.

After the death of her brother emperor Henry in 1216 there was a brief period without an emperor, before Peter was elected to succeed her brother. On their way there, Peter sent Yolanda ahead to Constantinople, while he fought the Despotate of Epirus, during which he was captured. Because his fate was unknown (although he was probably killed), Yolanda governed Constantinople as a sole ruler for two years.

She allied with the Bulgarians against the various Byzantine successor states, and was able to make peace with Theodore I Lascaris of the Empire of Nicaea, who married her daughter. However, she soon died, in 1219.

Legacy

Following Yolanda's death, her second son, Robert of Courtenay, became emperor because her oldest son, Philip, did not want the throne.[3] As Robert was still in France at the time, there was technically no emperor until he arrived in 1221.

Yolanda was, in her own right, Marchioness of Namur, which she inherited from her brother, Marquis Philip I, in 1212 and left to her eldest son, Marquis Philip II, when she went to Constantinople in 1216.

Issue

By Peter of Courtenay she had 10 children:

• Philip (d. 1226),[3] Marquis of Namur, who declined the offer of the crown of the Latin Empire
• Robert of Courtenay (d. 1228), Latin Emperor[3]
• Henry (d. 1229), Marquis of Namur
• Baldwin II of Constantinople (d. 1273)
• Margaret, Marchioness of Namur, who married first Raoul d'Issoudun and then Henry count of Vianden
• Elizabeth, who married Walter (Gaucher) count of Bar and then Eudes sire of Montagu
• Yolanda de Courtenay, who married Andrew II of Hungary
• Eleanor, who married Philip of Montfort, Lord of Tyre
• Marie de Courtenay, who married Theodore I Lascaris of the Empire of Nicaea
• Agnes, who married Geoffrey II Villehardouin, Prince of Achaea

References

1. Van Tricht 2011, p. 290.
2. Rasmussen 1997, p. 9.
3. Nicol 2002, p. 12.

Sources

• Nicol, Donald M. (2002). The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261–1453. Cambridge University Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Rasmussen, Ann Marie (1997). Mothers and Daughters in Medieval German Literature. Syracuse University Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Van Tricht, Filip (2011). The Latin Renovatio of Byzantium. BRILL. ISBN 9004203230.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

Yolanda of Flanders House of Hainaut Cadet branch of the House of Flanders Born: 1175 Died: 1219
Regnal titles
Preceded by Philip I	Marchioness of Namur 1212–1217	Vacant Title next held by Philip II
Preceded by Peter II of Courtenay	Latin Empress of Constantinople 1217–1219	Vacant Title next held by Robert
Royal titles
Preceded by Maria of Bulgaria	Latin Empress consort of Constantinople 1216–1217	Vacant Title next held by Lady of Neuville