Yasen-class submarine

The Yasen class, Russian designations Project 885 Yasen and Project 885M Yasen-M (Russian: Ясень, lit. 'ash tree', NATO reporting name: Yasen), also referred to as Graney class, are a series of the newest nuclear-powered cruise missile submarines designed by Malakhit and being constructed by Sevmash for the Russian Navy.[18][19][20] Based on the Akula class and Alfa class designs, the Yasen class is projected to replace the Russian Navy's current Soviet-era nuclear attack submarines.

Yasen class
Yasen class SSGN profile
K-560 Severodvinsk
Class overview
Name: Yasen class
Builders: Sevmash
Operators:  Russian Navy
Preceded by:
Succeeded by: Laika class
Cost: US$800 million[1]
Built: 1993–present
In commission: 2013–present
Planned: 10[2]
Building: 6
Completed: 3
Active: 1
General characteristics
Type: Nuclear cruise missile submarine
Displacement:
  • Surfaced: 8,600 tons
  • Submerged: 13,800 tons [3]
Length: Yasen-M: 130 m (430 ft)
Yasen:139.2 m (457 ft)[4][5][6]
Beam: 13 m (43 ft)[4][5][6]
Propulsion: OK-650KPM[7] pressurized water reactor 200 MWt turbines of 43,000 shp
Speed:
  • Surfaced: 20 kn (37 km/h; 23 mph)
  • Submerged (silent): 28 kn (52 km/h; 32 mph)
  • Submerged (max): 35 kn (65 km/h; 40 mph)[8]
Range: unlimited
Endurance: Only limited by food and maintenance requirements
Test depth:
  • Safe depth: 1,475 feet (450m)
  • Never exceed depth: 1,804 feet (580m)
  • Crush depth: 2,160 feet (658m)
Complement: 64[9]
Sensors and
processing systems:		 Rim Hat ESM/ECM Snoop Pair Surface Search Radar
Armament:
  • Yasen:
  • 8 x VLS equipped silos for either:
    • 32 (8 x 4) Oniks anti-ship cruise missiles[10][11]
    • or
    • 40 (8 x 5) Kalibr anti-ship, anti-submarine and land attack submarine launched cruise missiles[10]
    • Kh-101 cruise missiles[12]
  • 10 × torpedo tubes (533 mm)[13]
  • Yasen-M:[14]
  • 8 x VLS equipped silos
  • 10 x torpedo tubes (533 mm)[15]
  • Igla-M surface-to-air missiles[16] [17]

History

The Yasen-class submarines were designed by the Malakhit Central Design Bureau, which was formed by the combination of SKB-143 and TsKB-16. Work on the initial design was scheduled to start in 1977 and be completed in 1985.[21] Malakhit is one of the three Soviet/Russian submarine design centers, along with Rubin Design Bureau and Lazurit Central Design Bureau.

Construction on the first submarine started on 21 December 1993, with its launch slated for 1995 and its commissioning for 1998.[22] However, the project was delayed due to financial problems and it appeared during 1996 that work on the submarine had stopped completely. Some reports suggested that as of 1999 the submarine was less than 10 percent completed.[23] In 2003 the project then received additional funding and the work of finishing the submarine continued.

In 2004 it was reported that the work on the submarine was moving forward, but, due to the priority given to the new Borei class SSBNs, the lead unit of the class Severodvinsk would not be ready before 2010. In July 2006 the deputy chairman of the Military-Industrial Commission, Vladislav Putilin, stated that two Yasen-class submarines were to join the Russian Navy before 2015.[24]

On 24 July 2009, work commenced on a second submarine, named Kazan. On 26 July, the Russian navy command announced that starting in 2011, one multipurpose submarine would be laid down every year, although not necessarily of this class.[25]

An August 2009 report from the U.S. Office of Naval Intelligence estimated the Yasen-class submarines to be the quietest, or least detectable, of contemporaneous Russian and Chinese nuclear submarines, but said they were still not as quiet as contemporary U.S. Navy submarines (i.e. Seawolf and Virginia classes).[26][27]

In April 2010, it was reported that the 7 May launch of the first boat had been postponed due to "technical reasons".[28][29] Then, the launch of the first submarine and the beginning of sea trials were scheduled for September 2011.[30]

Roll out ceremony of Russian submarine Severodvinsk.

K-329 Severodvinsk went on her first voyage in September 2011 in order to conduct sea trials.

On 9 November 2011, Russia signed a contract for another four Yasen-class submarines to be delivered by 2016.

On 26 July 2013 the third submarine, named Novosibirsk, was laid down.

On 30 December 2013, Severodvinsk was handed over to the Russian Navy. The flag-raising ceremony was held on 17 June 2014 marking its introduction into the Russian Navy.[31]

In October 2014, one of the U.S. Navy’s top submarine officers, Rear Admiral Dave Johnson, the Naval Sea Systems Command’s program executive officer (PEO) for submarines, said “We’ll be facing tough potential opponents. One only has to look at the Severodvinsk, Russia’s version of a nuclear guided missile submarine (SSGN). I am so impressed with this ship that I had Carderock build a model from unclassified data.”[32]

According to 60 Minutes, unnamed Pentagon officials claimed that Severodvinsk "slipped into the Atlantic Ocean and for weeks evaded all of the attempts to find her" in the summer 2018.[33]

Kazan was rumoured to be active, along with 5 other nuclear submarines in the northern Atlantic in Spring 2020. [34]

Design

The vessel's design is claimed to be state-of-the-art. The Yasen-class nuclear submarines are presumed to be armed with land-attack cruise missiles, anti-ship missiles, anti-submarine missiles including the P-800 Oniks SLCM, Kalibr family SLCM or 3M51 SLCM.[8] Kalibr-PL has several variants including the 3M54K (terminal-supersonic) and 3M54K1 (subsonic) anti-ship, 91R1 anti-submarine, and the 3M14K land-attack variant. In the future, there will be also an option to install the hypersonic 3M22 Zircon cruise missiles on upgraded 855M boats.[35] Each submarine can carry 32 Kalibr or 24 Oniks (other sources claim 40 Kalibr and 32 Oniks)[36] cruise missiles which are stored in eight (ten for 855M) vertical launchers (additional missiles may be carried in the torpedo room at the expense of torpedoes).[37][38][39] It will also have ten 533 mm tubes, as well as mines and anti-submarine missiles such as the RPK-7.[13][15]

It is the first Russian submarine class to be equipped with a spherical sonar, designated as MGK-600 Irtysh-Amfora.[40] The device (allegedly the Irtysh/Amfora sonar system) was tested on a modified Yankee-class submarine.[41] The sonar system consists of a spherical bow array, flank arrays and a towed array. Due to the large size of this spherical array, the torpedo tubes are slanted.[21] In other words, the torpedo tube outer doors are not located in the immediate bow as in the previous Akula class[42] but moved aft.[43] The hull is constructed from low-magnetic steel.[44] Unlike previous Russian submarines which have a double hull, Yasen-class submarines mostly have a single hull.[45] The Yasen class has a crew of 85 on project 885 and 64 on project 885M,[46] suggesting a high degree of automation in the submarine's different systems. The newest U.S. Virginia-class submarines, has a crew of 134 in comparison.[47]

Yasen-class submarines are the first to be equipped with a fourth generation nuclear reactor.[48][49] The reactor, built by Afrikantov OKBM,[50][51] will allegedly have a 25-30 year core life and will not have to be refueled.[52] Steam turbines are supplied by Kaluga Turbine Works.[53] The inclusion of new generation KTP-6 reactor on the Yasen-M boats is thought to significantly reduce their noise level: the reactor's primary cooling loop facilitates natural circulation of water and thus doesn't require continuous operation of the main circulation pumps, which are the key noise factor on a nuclear submarine.[54] The only other submarine classes in service with such reactor design are USN' Ohio and Virginia, employing the S8G and S9G reactors respectively.[55][56]

A VSK rescue pod is carried in the sail.[21]

According to admiral Foggo, the commander of the US Naval Forces Europe, the Yasen class submarines are "very quiet, which is the most important thing in submarine warfare".[33]. It's claimed that Severodvinsk is far quieter than previous Russian SSNs, capable of 20 knots while running quiet, which is equal to the Seawolf class[57] and inferior only to Virginia (25 knots). [58][59] Other sources claim that Severodvinsk is capable of even 28 knots in silent mode [60].

Costs

Initial estimates regarding the cost of the first Yasen-class submarine ranged from US$1 billion[61] to US$2 billion.[62][63] In 2011, it was reported that the cost of first-of-class, Severodvinsk, was 50 billion rubles (roughly US$1.6 billion)[64] while the second unit, Kazan, will cost an estimated 47 billion rubles (US$725 million, in 2019 RUB/USD exchange rate).[65] In 2011, then Defense Minister Anatoliy Serdyukov criticized the ever increasing cost of the Borei and Yasen classes. The Minister described the massive increase in cost between the first and the second Yasen-class submarine as "incomprehensible". However, he insisted that the Russian Defence Ministry and Sevmash would resolve the issue. Officials from the United Shipbuilding Corporation replied that work done in Sevmash accounts for only 30% of the submarine's completion cost, the remaining 70% being linked to suppliers/contractors.[66]

Successor/supplement
Main article: Laika-class submarine

Due to the high cost of each Yasen class submarine, some sources believe that a next generation of SSNs would be of smaller dimensions[67][68] with a reduced armament/payload.[69] The successor/supplement to the Yasen class is in development[70][71][72] and dubbed "Husky class" by media.[73][74] The final design of the submarine is yet to be completed and may feature a more conventional layout with bow-mounted torpedo tubes (as opposed to the midship torpedo tubes on Yasen class) and a smaller chin-mounted sonar, i.e. the sonar will be mounted below the torpedo tubes (as opposed to a large spherical sonar on Yasen class).[75] The first boat is expected to be delivered to the Russian Navy by 2027.[76]

Units

Italics indicate estimates

# Name Project Laid down Launched Commissioned Fleet Status Notes
K-560 Severodvinsk 885 21 December 1993[77] 15 June 2010[78][79] 30 December 2013[80] Northern Active
K-561 Kazan 885M 24 July 2009[4] 31 March 2017[81] 3Q 2020[82][83] Northern In sea trials[84]
K-573 Novosibirsk 885M 26 July 2013[85] 25 December 2019[86] 2020[87][82] Pacific Launched On 21 August 2014, it has successfully completed hydraulic pressure hull tests.[88][89]
K-571 Krasnoyarsk 885M 27 July 2014[90][91] 2021[92] 2021[87] Pacific Under construction On 23 January 2017, it has successfully completed hydraulic pressure hull tests.[93]
K-564 Arkhangelsk 885M 19 March 2015[94] Before 2020[95] 2022[87] Northern Under construction
K-xxx Perm 885M 29 July 2016[96] Before 2020[95] 2023[87] Pacific Under construction
K-xxx Ulyanovsk 885M 28 July 2017[97][98] 2024[87] Northern Under construction
K-xxx Voronezh 885M 20 July 2020[99] 2027[100] Northern Under construction[99] To be equipped with 4,500 km capable Kalibr-M cruise missiles.[101]
K-xxx Vladivostok 885M 20 July 2020[99] 2027[100] Pacific Under construction[99] To be equipped with 4,500 km capable Kalibr-M cruise missiles.[101]
gollark: But I also want it to be utterly overengineered.
gollark: So to mock them, I'm implementing a prime factorization program in potatOS.
gollark: People somehow can't even think to look up "semiprime factorizing" or something and just go ¨ÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆa hard maths".
gollark: It incorporates a challenge, where to uninstall it you must factorize a small semiprime.
gollark: You know potatOS, the best OS?

See also

References
  1. Ъ-Газета - На что потратят 280 миллиардов (in Russian). Kommersant.ru. 10 November 2011. Archived from the original on 29 February 2012. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  2. "Russia to build ten Yasen-class subs". Rusnavy.com. 22 August 2011. Archived from the original on 14 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  3. "Russia's new assassin sub has a fatal flaw". The Week. 15 January 2015. Archived from the original on 17 January 2015. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
  4. Место на стапеле заняла "Казань" [The place on a building berth was occupied with "Kazan"]. 21st century weapon (in Russian). Rossiyskaya Gazeta. Archived from the original on 28 July 2009. Retrieved 24 August 2009.
  5. "The might of Russia's advanced nuclear submarine". Archived from the original on 2 April 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
  6. "АПЛ "Красноярск" успешно прошла гидравлические испытания". Archived from the original on 2 April 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
  7. Ma, Chunyan; von Herpel, Frank (2001). Ending the Production of Highly Enriched Uranium for Naval Reactors. p. 91.
  8. John Pike. "Graney Class – Project 885 Yasen". Globalsecurity.org. Archived from the original on 3 December 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  9. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 31 August 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2017.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  10. "Carrier Killers for the Russian Navy: The Strategic Environment / ISN". Isn.ethz.ch. 30 July 2012. Archived from the original on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
  11. 08.11.2012. "SSGN Severodvinsk Launched Newest Cruise Missile". Rusnavy.com. Archived from the original on 16 November 2012. Retrieved 6 February 2013.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  12. 19.03.2015. "Project 885 Yasen.Unknown facts about the most expensive submarine in the world". tvzvezda.ru. Archived from the original on 17 January 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2015.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  13. "Подводные лодки проекта 885 "Ясень". Досье". TASS (in Russian). 29 July 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  14. Epsilon (31 July 2014). "Yasen: The future of Russian SSN fleet". Archived from the original on 13 August 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
  15. "Yasen Class: Russia's most potent submarines". hisutton.com. 13 April 2019. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  16. "Yasen-M to Be Launched in 2017: Most Capable Attack Sub Russia Ever Built". Archived from the original on 15 April 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
  17. https://iz.ru/995752/aleksei-ramm-bogdan-stepovoi/formennoe-raznoobrazie-podvodnye-lodki-iasen-meniaiut-vneshnii-vid
  18. "Russian Navy prioritizes construction of nuclear submarines". RIA Novosti. 25 July 2008. Archived from the original on 31 August 2009. Retrieved 1 January 2011.
  19. Blank, Stephen J.; Weitz, Richard (July 2010). "The Russian Military Today and Tomorrow: Essays in Memory of Mary Fitzgerald" (PDF). Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) | U.S. Army War College. p. 349. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 December 2010. Retrieved 1 January 2011.
  20. Maerli, Morten Bremer. "Components of Naval Nuclear Fuel Transparency" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 November 2010. Retrieved 1 January 2011.
  21. "SSN Project 885 Severodvinsk ("Yasen") class". harpooddatabases.com. Archived from the original on 2 December 2014. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  22. Kopte, Susanne (August 1997). "Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning and Related Problems" (PDF). Bonn International Center for Conversion. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 November 2013. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  23. Pike, John. "Graney Class – Project 885 Yasen". Globalsecurity.org. Archived from the original on 18 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  24. Lantratov, Konstantin (14 March 2006). "Russia Chooses Its Future Armament". Ato.ru. Archived from the original on 2 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  25. "Russia to lay down one multipurpose submarine a year from 2011 | Russia | RIA Novosti". En.rian.ru. 26 July 2009. Archived from the original on 23 December 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  26. The People’s Liberation Army Navy, A Modern Navy with Chinese Characteristics (PDF). Office of Naval Intelligence. August 2009. p. 22. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 December 2010. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
  27. "Run Silent, Run Deep". FAS Military Analysis Network. 8 December 1998. Archived from the original on 5 February 2006. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  28. "Technical Hitch Delays Russian Submarine Launch". Naval-technology.com. 14 April 2010. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  29. "Russia delays launch of new nuclear submarine | Defense | RIA Novosti". En.rian.ru. 13 April 2010. Archived from the original on 12 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  30. "Russia's new attack submarine goes for sea trials | Defense | RIA Novosti". En.rian.ru. Archived from the original on 2 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  31. "Russia's top-secret nuclear submarine comes into service". Russia Beyond the Headlines. 17 June 2014. Archived from the original on 26 January 2016. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  32. Majumdar, Dave. "U.S. Navy Impressed with New Russian Attack Boat". USNI News. U.S. Naval Institute. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
  33. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhAaFXyy9rU
  34. EDITOR, Marco Giannangeli, Sunday Express DEFENCE (19 April 2020). "The new Cold War: British forces scramble to track down Moscow's killer super-sub". Express.co.uk. Retrieved 19 April 2020.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  35. "Российская ракета "Циркон" достигла восьми скоростей звука". Российская газета. Archived from the original on 23 December 2017. Retrieved 15 April 2017.
  36. "Resources". www.isn.ethz.ch. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  37. "Форум "Стелс машины" • Информация". paralay.iboards.ru. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  38. Archived 22 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  39. Spahn, Tom (June 2013). "The Russian Submarine Fleet Reborn". U.S. Naval Institute. Archived from the original on 5 December 2014. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  40. "Project 885 "Yasen" nuclear submarine". Archived from the original on 17 September 2016. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
  41. "ЦКБ МТ Рубин: 1982-2011". Ckb-rubin.ru. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
  42. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2 April 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2017.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  43. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2 April 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2017.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  44. "Yasen / Graney Class Submarine, Russia". naval-technology.com. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  45. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 1 May 2019. Retrieved 18 August 2018.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  46. "И подлодку "Ясень-М" я сравнил с "Вирджинией"" (in Russian). naukatehnika.com. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
  47. https://www.naval-technology.com/projects/yasengraneysubmarine/
  48. "Chap. 2: Nuclear-powered vessels - The Russian Northern Fleet". spb.org.ru. Archived from the original on 17 September 2016. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
  49. 2.3 Development of naval reactors – Bellona Archived 29 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  50. А.Л., Берензон. "About OKBM". www.okbm.nnov.ru. Archived from the original on 8 October 2016. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
  51. engineeringrussia (15 April 2015). "Nizhny Novgorod company to put 10 reactor units for Borei and Yasen". Archived from the original on 8 October 2016. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
  52. ARG. "Graney Class Nuclear-Powered Attack Submarine". Military-Today.com. Archived from the original on 29 March 2012. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
  53. Konovalov, Alexei. "Project 885 and 885M "Ash"". Archived from the original on 12 March 2013.
  54. "KTP-6 Atomic Reactor, Submarine". globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  55. "S8G". globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  56. "S9G Next Generation Reactor". globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  57. https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/see-submarine-there-are-only-three-it-planet-think-f-22-subs-54082
  58. https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/russia-vs-america-who-has-worlds-best-submarines-82166
  59. https://news.usni.org/2014/10/28/u-s-navy-impressed-new-russian-attack-boat
  60. https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/russias-first-yasen-class-submarine-is-combat-ready
  61. "New Russian nuclear submarine will not enter serial production – paper | Defense | RIA Novosti". En.rian.ru. 16 June 2010. Archived from the original on 26 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  62. "Russia launches long-awaited submarine | Features & Opinion | RIA Novosti". En.rian.ru. 16 June 2010. Archived from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  63. "Russians Launch First Yasen-class Submarine; Others in Doubt? | Center for Strategic and International Studies". Csis.org. 17 June 2010. Archived from the original on 20 January 2012. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  64. 03.11.2011. "Media Got Wind Of Submarines Cost". Rusnavy.com. Archived from the original on 5 May 2012. Retrieved 6 February 2013.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  65. "На что потратят 280 миллиардов". kommersant.ru. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
  66. "Yasen | Russian Defense Policy". Russiandefpolicy.wordpress.com. Archived from the original on 29 November 2011. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
  67. "Перспективные проекты". paralay.net. Archived from the original on 19 February 2015. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
  68. "Hunter for Red October plans for comeback". Archived from the original on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
  69. "Russian naval shipbuilding plans: Rebuilding a blue water navy". Russian Military Reform. Archived from the original on 8 July 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
  70. Keck, Zachary. "Russia Is Already Developing New Fifth-Generation Submarines". The National Interest. Archived from the original on 25 March 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
  71. "Russia's Next Gen Husky-class SSN to combine multipurpose, strategic submarine characteristics". Archived from the original on 4 June 2016. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
  72. "Photo". vk.com.
  73. "Russia Test-Fires Hypersonic Zircon Missiles For Nuclear Submarines, Weapons To Reach Mach 5 Speed". 17 March 2016. Archived from the original on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
  74. Sputnik. "Russia Test-Firing New Hypersonic Zircon Cruise Missiles for 5th-Gen Subs". sputniknews.com. Archived from the original on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
  75. "H I Sutton - Covert Shores". www.hisutton.com. Archived from the original on 12 May 2017. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
  76. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 19 July 2018. Retrieved 2 June 2018.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  77. 24.12.2009 (24 December 2009). "SSN Severodvinsk to start mooring trials in December". Rusnavy.com. Archived from the original on 2 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2011.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  78. "Russia to float out new nuclear submarine after delay | Defense | RIA Novosti". En.rian.ru. 15 June 2010. Archived from the original on 25 November 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  79. 07.09.2010. "Новые фото с церемонии вывода АПК "Северодвинск" из стапельного цеха". Flot.com. Archived from the original on 8 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2011.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  80. 15.10.2012 (30 December 2013). "Russia Commissions New Attack Submarine". RIA Novosti. Archived from the original on 30 December 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2013.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  81. "Атомную подлодку "Казань" спустили на воду". 31 March 2017. Archived from the original on 31 March 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
  82. "Russian Navy to get six submarines in 2020 for first time over past 28 years". TASS. 23 August 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  83. "Атомную подлодку "Казань" передадут ВМФ осенью 2020 года". TASS. 9 January 2020.
  84. "Russia's Project 885M Yasen-M Submarine Kazan Started Sea Trials". navyrecognition.com. 29 September 2018. Archived from the original on 21 October 2018. Retrieved 21 October 2018.
  85. "Севмаш заложит АПЛ "Новосибирск" ко Дню ВМФ". flotprom.ru. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 27 June 2013.
  86. "Первую серийную подлодку проекта "Ясень-М" "Новосибирск" спустили на воду в Северодвинске". TASS (in Russian). 25 December 2019. Retrieved 25 December 2019.
  87. "Подводные лодки проекта 885 "Ясень"". tass.ru. Archived from the original on 31 July 2017.
  88. news. "Гидравлические испытания "Новосибирска"". www.sevmash.ru. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  89. "Russian fourth Yasen-class nuclear submarine passes pressure hull tests". Naval Today. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  90. "Russia's Sevmash shipyards lays down three new submarines". TASS. 27 July 2014. Archived from the original on 20 November 2014. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  91. "Russia's Sevmash shipyard lays down 5th Borey class SSBN and 4th Yasen class SSN". navyrecognition.com. 27 July 2014. Archived from the original on 14 January 2016. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  92. "Новые АПЛ проекта "Ясень" обеспечат безопасность России в любом регионе". 31 March 2017. Archived from the original on 8 April 2017. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  93. news. "Прочный корпус "Красноярска"". www.sevmash.ru. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  94. "Минобороны РФ: пятую АПЛ проекта "Ясень" заложат на "Севмаше" 19 марта" (in Russian). RIA. 6 February 2015. Archived from the original on 6 February 2015. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
  95. "Гендиректор: Севмаш до конца 2020 года передаст флоту восемь "Бореев" и шесть "Ясеней"". tass.ru. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017.
  96. "Шестая атомная подлодка проекта "Ясень" заложена на Севмаше" (in Russian). TASS. 29 July 2016. Archived from the original on 1 August 2016. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
  97. Sputnik. "Russia'a 7th Yasen-Class Attack Submarine to Be Laid Down in July 2017". sputniknews.com. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  98. "На "Севмаше" заложили последний "Ясень"". ФлотПром. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
  99. "В Северодвинске заложили две атомные подлодки проекта 885М "Ясень-М"" (in Russian). TASS. 20 July 2020. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  100. "The USC named the date of the transfer of submarines with hypersonic weapons to the fleet". Ria Novosti.
  101. "Первую серийную АПЛ проекта "Ясень-М" "Новосибирск" спустят на воду 25 декабря". TASS. 20 December 2019. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.