Xerospermum noronhianum

Xerospermum noronhianum [1] is a common Asian tree species described by Carl Ludwig von Blume: it is the type species in the genus and belongs to the Family Sapindaceae.[2] X. noronhianum Blume is the accepted name[3] and there are no subspecies listed in the Catalogue of Life. Morphologically, it is a very variable species, found in many kinds of tropical forests and soils, usually below 300 m altitude and rarely above 1000 m. Its light brown wood is hard and durable, often used in the construction of buildings.

Xerospermum noronhianum
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Sapindaceae
Genus: Xerospermum
Species:
X. noronhianum
Binomial name
Xerospermum noronhianum
(Blume) Blume
Synonyms

Nephelium xerocarpum Cambess.
Nephelium noronhianum Cambess.
Euphoria noronhiana Blume
Euphoria xerocarpa Blume

Description

Tree: 25–30 m high when fully grown, often with buttresses at the trunk base.

Leaves: Inflorescences up to 250 mm long if solitary, much shorter if tufted.

Flowers: tetramerous. Sepals free or slightly connate, the outer two usually slightly smaller than the inner ones, ovate to obovate, 1-3 by 1-2.4 mm, outside and inside glabrous or hairy (nearly always inside at the base). Petals: obovate to broadly spathulate, 1-2.8 by 0.5-1.7 mm, short- to long-clawed with an ovate to transversely elliptic blade, variably woolly, nearly always with the exception of the base outside, inside often sparsely hairy to glabrous. Stamens: 8 (sometimes 9).

Fruit: lobes ellipsoid to almost spherical: 17-50 by 12–50 mm, with a (very variable) rough, red or dark-brown surface.

There is considerable (but continuous) variation in this species: of leaves, flowers, and especially the fruits.[4]

Distribution and vernacular names
  • Bangladesh
  • Burma (Myanmar): taung-kyetmauk.
  • India (Assam)
  • Indonesia: rambutan pacet (Malay), burundul, corogol monyet tjorogol monjet (Sundanese)
  • Laos: kho lên, ngèo
  • Malaysia: geresek hitam, gigi buntal, rambutan pachet (Peninsular), balong ayam, kata keran
  • Philippines
  • Thailand: kho laen (eastern), kho hia (south-eastern), laen ban (peninsular).
  • Viet Nam: Cây Trường
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References
  1. Leenhouts PW (1983). A taxonomic revision of Xerospermum (Sapindaceae). Blumea 28: 389-401.
  2. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World
  3. http://www.theplantlist.org/1.1/browse/A/Sapindaceae/Xerospermum/
  4. http://portal.cybertaxonomy.org/flora-malesiana/node/7681
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