William de Warenne (justice)

William de Warenne (died 1209), the feudal baron of Wormegay, was a royal justice under King Richard I and his brother King John. Besides being a royal justice, Warenne served in financial matters, being one of those responsible for collecting taxes and oversaw debts from Christians to Jews. His career was closely tied to that of Hubert Walter, who employed Warenne as a judge in some ecclesiastical matters. He also founded a priory and gave other gifts to religious houses. The historian Ralph Turner said of Warenne that "although he was a longtime official under King John, he did not quite fit into the inner corps of royal counselors".[1]

William de Warenne
Died1209
Burial placeSt Mary Overy, Southwark
OccupationFeudal baron of Wormegay
Royal justice
Spouse(s)Melisent
ChildrenBeatrice
Parent(s)Reginald de Warenne
Alice de Wormegay

Early life

William was the son of Reginald de Warenne, a royal justice and Sheriff of Sussex.[2] His mother Alice had been heiress to the feudal baron of Wormegay in Norfolk, and it passed to William following his father's death.[3]

Royal service

Warenne was one of a group of justices – including Richard Barre, Ralph Foliot, Richard Herriard, and William of Sainte-Mère-Église – who were appointed in 1194 by the Lord Chancellor Hubert Walter as justices for a new general eyre, to relieve the Barons of the Exchequer of some of their judicial duties.[4] In 1195 Warenne served as a royal justice at Oxford with Hubert Walter, William Brewer and Geoffrey of Buckland.[5] Warenne served again as a justice in 1198–1199 and then again during the first two years of the reign of John. His last service as a justice was in 1200.[6] In 1200 John removed Warenne as a royal justice and appointed him as one of the four Justices for the Jews, replacing Simon of Pattishall.[7] These officials had been created in 1194 and were not concerned with judicial matters concerning Jews, but rather with the collection of debts owed to Jews by Christians.[8][lower-alpha 1] Warenne continued in that office until 1209.[7] Besides judicial duties, Warenne also served in other capacities, working with Barre and Osbert fitzHervey to collect the carucage in 1194 in eastern England.[10] In 1199 he again served with Barre and fitzHervey to impose amercements in the counties of Cambridge, Northamptonshire, Huntingdonshire, Norfolk and Suffolk.[11]

As a reward for his service, Warenne was given custody of a number of lands confiscated from Prince John, including the Honour of Gloucester, which Warenne administered for the royal government from 1194 to 1196 during the captivity of King Richard I.[7] He also received as a further mark of royal favour the wardships of various minor heirs. In 1194 Warenne was given custody of the heir of Hugh de Chandos, in return for which he gave the king 40 marks.[12] Warenne's career was closely tied to Hubert Walter's, who promoted his career as a justice. Besides his royal service, Walter employed Warenne as a justice on ecclesiastical matters and sent him in 1194 to York to deal with complaints by the cathedral chapter of York Minster against their archbishop, Geoffrey. A sign of further ties between the two was that Warenne served as a witness on Walter's charters founding a monastery at West Dereham.[13]

Marriage and family

Warenne offered King John 500 marks for licence to marry Melisent, the widow of Richard de Montfichet and mother of Richard de Montfichet, lord of the manor of Stansted in Essex.[14] Warenne's only surviving child and sole-heiress was his daughter, Beatrice, whom he married to Doun Bardolf, the holder of a one-half moiety of the feudal barony of Shelford in Nottinghamshire. Beatrice married secondly Ralph,[15] and thirdly Hubert de Burgh.[16] Beatrice had a son, William Bardolf, by her first marriage, who became the eventual heir of his maternal grandfather. Bardolf's rights to the barony were controlled by Beatrice's third husband, who did not relinquish them until his death in 1243.[3]

Death and legacy

Warenne died in 1209[3] and was buried in St Mary Overy Priory (now Southward Cathedral) in Southwark, Surrey.[17] Warenne also founded Wormegay Priory, Norfolk, a house of Augustinian monks.[18] He also gave gifts to the priory of St Mary Overy,[17] to Carrow Abbey where one of his sisters was a nun, and to Lewes Priory, where his father had become a monk shortly before his death.[19]

Notes
  1. This was of interest to the king because all debts owed to a Jew escheated to the king when the Jew died.[9]

Citations
  1. Turner "Religious Patronage" Albion p. 2
  2. Turner English Judiciary p. 90 and footnote 6
  3. Saunders English Baronies p. 101
  4. Turner English Judiciary p. 73
  5. West Justiciarship p. 94
  6. Turner English Judiciary p. 80
  7. Turner English Judiciary pp. 86–87
  8. Turner "Simon of Pattishall" Albion p. 118
  9. Turner and Heiser Reign of Richard Lionheart p. 113
  10. Appleby England without Richard p. 217
  11. West Justiciarship p. 163
  12. Turner English Judiciary p. 115 footnote 36
  13. Turner English Judiciary p. 105
  14. Turner English Judiciary p. 113
  15. Saunders English Baronies pp. 76, 101
  16. Turner English Judiciary pp. 119–120
  17. Turner English Judiciary p. 265 footnote 20
  18. Turner English Judiciary p. 263 footnote 22
  19. Turner "Religious Patronage" Albion p. 8 and footnote 33
gollark: It's running.
gollark: What question do you want me to ask, specifically?
gollark: Or GPT-2, which I can actually get access to.
gollark: What if we ask GPT-3?
gollark: What if we ask that octahedral writer who came up with those random grammar rules in English last century?

References
  • Appleby, John T. (1965). England Without Richard: 1189–1199. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
  • Sanders, I. J. (1960). English Baronies: A Study of Their Origin and Descent 1086–1327. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press. OCLC 931660.
  • Turner, Ralph V. (2008). The English Judiciary in the age of Glanvill and Bracton, c. 1176–1239 (Reprint ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-07242-5.
  • Turner, Ralph V. (Spring 1986). "Religious Patronage of Angevin Royal Administrators, c. 1170–1239". Albion. 18 (1): 1–21. doi:10.2307/4048700.
  • Turner, Ralph V. (1977). "Simon of Pattishall, Pioneer Professional Judge". Albion. 9 (2): 115–127. doi:10.2307/4048402.
  • Turner, Ralph V.; Heiser, Richard R. (2000). The Reign of Richard Lionheart: Ruler of the Angevin Empire 1189–1199. The Medieval World. Harlow, UK: Longman. ISBN 0-582-25660-7.
  • West, Francis (1966). The Justiciarship in England 1066–1232. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
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