William F. Baker (engineer)

William Frazier Baker, also known as Bill Baker (born October 9, 1953), is an American structural engineer known for engineering the Burj Khalifa,[1] the world's tallest building/man-made structure. He is currently a structural engineering partner in the Chicago office of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, LLP (SOM).

William F. Baker
Born (1953-10-09) October 9, 1953
Fulton, Missouri, U.S.
NationalityAmerican
EducationBachelor of Science in Civil Engineering, University of Missouri, Master of Science in Civil Engineering, University of Illinois
OccupationEngineer
Engineering career
DisciplineStructural engineer and civil engineer
InstitutionsIStructE, ASCE, ACI, AISC, CTBUH, NCEES, IABSE, EERI, SEAOI, NAE, RAE
Practice nameSkidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP
ProjectsBurj Khalifa, Trump International Hotel and Tower, Cayan Tower
Significant designBurj Khalifa
AwardsInternational Fellow RAE, IStructE Gold Medal, Fritz Leonhardt Prize, Fazlur Kahn Lifetime Achievement Medal, 2011 OPAL Lifetime Achievement Award for Design

Career

After obtaining a bachelor's degree in civil engineering from the University of Missouri (1975), Baker held a brief tenure with ExxonMobil and later completed his master's degree at the University of Illinois (1980). In 1981 he joined the architecture and engineering firm of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, LLP (SOM) in Chicago and eventually became a partner there in 1996.

While widely regarded for his work on supertall buildings, Baker's expertise also extends to a wide variety of structures like the Broadgate-Exchange House (London, 1990) and the GM Renaissance Center Entry Pavilion (Detroit, 2005). He is further known for his work on long-span roof structures, such as the McCormick Place North Building Expansion (Chicago, 1986), the Korean Air Lines Operations Center (Seoul, 1995), the Korea World Trade Center Expansion (Seoul, 2000), and the Virginia Beach Convention Center (Virginia Beach, 2007).

Baker's career has also been marked by various collaborations with artists such as Jamie Carpenter (Raspberry Island-Schubert Club Band Shell, 2002), Iñigo Manglano-Ovalle (Gravity is a Force to be Reckoned With, 2010), Jaume Plensa (World Voices, 2010), and James Turrell (Roden Crater).

Baker's many skyscraper projects include the AT&T Corporate Center (Chicago, 1989), Trump International Hotel and Tower (Chicago, 2008), Cayan Tower (Dubai, 2009), Pearl River Tower (Guangzhou, 2009), Nanjing Greenland Financial Center (Nanjing, 2009), and the unbuilt 7 South Dearborn (Chicago, 2003), although he is best known as the engineer of Burj Khalifa (Dubai, 2009), the world's tallest man-made structure. To support the tower's record heights, he developed the "buttressed core"[2] structural system, consisting of a hexagonal core reinforced by three buttresses that form a Y shape. This innovative system allows the structure to support itself both laterally and torsionally. It also eliminates the need for column transfers, and moves loads in a smooth path from the tower's spire into its foundations.

Baker is a Fellow of both the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and the Institution of Structural Engineers (IStructE). He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering (NAE), and frequently lectures on a variety of structural engineering topics within the US and abroad. Baker was elected as an International Fellow to the Royal Academy of Engineering (RAE) in September 2014.[3]

Awards

In 2014 Bill Baker was awarded the International Award of Merit in Structural Engineering from the International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering [4] and in 2013 the T.R. Higgins Lectureship Award from the American Institute of Steel Construction.

In 2011, he received an ASCE Outstanding Projects and Leaders (OPAL) Lifetime Award for Design.[5] On May 13, 2010, The Institution of Structural Engineers awarded Baker with their Gold Medal, the Institution's highest accolade.[6] Baker was the first American to be awarded the Fritz Leonhardt Prize For Achievement in Structural Engineering, on July 11, 2009.[7] On November 20, 2008, he received the Fazlur Khan Lifetime Achievement Medal from the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat.[8]

Baker is also an Honorary Professor at the University of Cambridge. He has received Honorary Doctorates from the University of Missouri in 2017, Illinois Institute of Technology in 2015, Heriot-Watt University in 2012, and the University of Stuttgart in 2011.

Key projects
General Motors Renaissance Center – North Lobby, Detroit, Michigan
Broadgate – Exchange House, London, United Kingdom

Education

Professional associations
gollark: Or a domino sorting robot.
gollark: What you likely can do is run it somewhat unsafely.
gollark: Also, there are probably some hardware limits.
gollark: Yes, but the CPU can't control cooling if it's melted.
gollark: I don't think you can do that, but you could cause loads of electromigration and make it nearly unusable.

See also

References
  1. willis, carol. "World's Tallest Building: Burj Dubai - Lecture Series". www.skyscraper.org.
  2. Engineer Bill Baker Is the King of Superstable 150-Story Structures, Wired.com
  3. "Stars of industry and academia elected to the Royal Academy of Engineering". Royal Academy of Engineering. September 16, 2014. Retrieved September 23, 2014.
  4. "International Award of Merit in Structural Engineering". IABSE. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
  5. "Outstanding Projects And Leaders (OPAL) Awards". American Society of Civil Engineers.
  6. "William F. Baker, PE, CE, SE, FIStructE, FASCE is to receive the Institution's highest accolade, the Gold Medal, for his work as an internationally acclaimed structural engineer".
  7. Fritz Leonhardt Prize, “Biografie, William F. Baker”, July 2009
  8. "2008 Fazlur Rahman Khan Medal Winner: William F. Baker Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP".
  9. "Burj Khalifa – Structural Engineering". SOM.
  10. "Pearl River Tower". SOM.
  11. "Cayan Tower". SOM.
  12. "100 Mount Street". SOM.}
  13. "Manhattan West Development". SOM.
  14. "Broadgate – Exchange House – Structural Engineering". SOM.
  15. "General Motors Renaissance Center". SOM.
  16. "401 North Wabash". SOM.
  17. "New NATO Headquarters". www.NATO.int. 2014-08-11. Retrieved 2014-09-10.
  18. "NATO Headquarters". SOM.
  19. "Millennium Park – BP Pedestrian Bridge". SOM.
  20. "NAE Elects 68 Members and Nine Foreign Associates". February 8, 2011.
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