William Bengen

William P. Bengen is a retired financial adviser who first articulated the 4% withdrawal rate ("Four percent rule") as a rule of thumb for withdrawal rates from retirement savings in Bengen (1994); it is eponymously known as the "Bengen rule".[1] The rule was later further popularized by the Trinity study (1998), based on the same data and similar analysis. Bengen later called this rate the SAFEMAX rate, for "the maximum 'safe' historical withdrawal rate",[2] and revised it in Bengen (2006) to 4.5% if tax-free and 4.1% for taxable.

Withdrawal rate

Bengen conducted a number of empirical simulations of historical market behavior and concluded that a person could "draw down", withdraw, up to 4 percent annually from their portfolio without fear of outliving their money. He published his research in the October 1994 issue of the Journal of Financial Planning.[3] He is also the author of the book Conserving Client Portfolios During Retirement (Bengen 2006), where he revised and updated his analysis. He gave a brief updating in Bengen (2012).

The withdrawal rate has since become a staple of the financial service industry, adopted by several major financial firms.

Career

Early life and education

A native of Brooklyn, born in 1947,[lower-alpha 1] Bengen received a B.S. from MIT in aeronautics and astronautics. He is a co-author of Topics in Advanced Model Rocketry, originally published by the MIT Press in 1973.[5] He worked for 17 years with his family-owned soft-drink-bottling franchise firm in the New York metropolitan area, during which he served tenure as president and COO; the company was sold in 1987.[1]

Financial career

Following the sale of the family business, Bengen moved to Southern California and began a Certified Financial Planner practice, Bengen Financial Services, earning his certification in 1990 and his master's degree in financial planning in 1993. He ran the firm as a fee-only (no commission) practice for twenty years, then sold the firm and retired in 2013.[4]

The Four Percent Drawdown rule

Based on his early research of actual stock returns and retirement scenarios over the past 75 years, Bengen found that retirees who draw down no more than 4.2 percent of their portfolio in the initial year, and adjust that amount every subsequent year for inflation, stand a great chance their money will outlive them.[6][7]

The 4% Rule is sometimes also called the Rule of 300. [8]

Bibliography
  • Bengen, William P. (October 1994). "Determining Withdrawal Rates Using Historical Data" (PDF). Journal of Financial Planning: 14–24.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Bengen, William P. (2006). Conserving Client Portfolios During Retirement Paperback. ISBN 978-0-97534483-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Bengen, Bill (2012-05-01). "How Much Is Enough?". Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

Notes
  1. Turned 66 in 2013 October.[4]
gollark: I'm on a second-hand laptop from, what, 2017? I value having my computer not randomly waste CPU cycles.
gollark: Also doesn't install Candy Crush randomly.
gollark: It's not just that - Linux has scripting, generally has less overhead, supports some development tooling better, and may actually be capable of running on more devices.
gollark: It manages something like 17 seconds boot time from kernel init to *usable desktop* (I think it might include connecting to Wifi, not sure); I do not control the firmware step and can't do much to the bootloader.
gollark: You do, these are DIFFERENT COMPUTERS, that is a significant difference, with different SSDs, and whatever else.

References
  1. Barrett, William P. (2011-05-04). "The Retirement Spending Solution". Forbes.
  2. Bengen 2012.
  3. Birken, Emily Guy (2014). The Five Years Before You Retire: Retirement Planning When You Need It the Most. Adams Media. p. 46. ISBN 9781440569722.
  4. Simonoff, Evan (2013-09-18). "Bill Bengen, Creator Of The 4% Retirement Rule, Sells Firm And Retires". Financial Advisor.
  5. DSpace@MIT: Topics in advanced model rocketry
  6. Nelson, Colin (2006). When Can I Tell My Boss, I Quit! : Seven Lessons for Financial and Personal Rebirth in Retirement. iUniverse. p. 122. ISBN 9780595827350.
  7. Ang, Andrew (2014). Asset Management: A Systematic Approach to Factor Investing. Oxford UP. p. 179. ISBN 9780199382316.
  8. "THE RULE OF 300: THE BEST WAY TO RETIRE". Finance Friday.

Further reading
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