William Arnott (biscuit manufacturer)

William Arnott (6 December 1827 – 22 July 1901[1]) was the Scottish founder of the Arnott's Biscuits Holdings (now Arnott's Biscuits Limited) in Australia.

William Arnott
William Arnott, vintage photographic print, ca. 1899
Born6 December 1827
Pathhead, Scotland
Died22 July 1901 (aged 73)
New South Wales, Australia
CitizenshipAustralian
OrganizationArnott's Biscuits Holdings
Spouse(s)
Monica Sinclair
​
(
m. 1848; died 1865)

Margarete McLean Fleming
(
m. 1865)
Children12
Parent(s)David Millie (father)
Isobella Arnott (mother)

Early life

William Arnott was born 6 December 1827, in Pathhead, Midlothian, Scotland,[2] the eldest of eight children.[3][4] His father was David Millie and his mother was Isobella Arnott.[3][4] In October 1847,[5] he and his brother David set out for Sydney, Australia on board the assisted-immigrants' ship Sir Edward Parry;[3] they reached Sydney some 135 days later, on 17 February 1848.[6]

Career

Arnott's Biscuits
The William Arnott's Steam Biscuit Factory in Newcastle, New South Wales (photographed circa 1868)

After arriving in Australia, he first started a baking company in Morpeth, New South Wales, 22 miles north-west of Newcastle.[2] He continued working as a baker, together with David, for three years.[6] Arnott decided to try his luck gold mining in 1851, and left for the Turon River diggings alone.[5] He was not successful; he failed to find any gold and eventually returned to life as a baker.[5][6] In 1865,[5][6] Arnott established the William Arnott's Steam Biscuit Factory in Newcastle, New South Wales.[2] It was so named as his biscuit-making machines (or "rotary ovens"[7]) were steam-powered.[5][8] In 1894, Arnott employed numerous workers[6] after purchasing a biscuit factory in Forest Lodge, Sydney;[2] his biscuits had already begun shipping to Sydney in 1882.[5][6] The factory in Forest Lodge was relocated to Homebush circa 1908.[5] During his career as a biscuit manufacturer, Arnott came up with the Milk Arrowroot biscuits, a combination of arrowroot biscuits and plain milk biscuits; they were marketed as "children's food" and were very popular, to the extent that other rival companies tried to come up with imitations of the Milk Arrowroot biscuits.[9] Arnott also produced Tim Tam, Jatz and SAO biscuits.[10]

Personal life
William Arnott, c. 1869

William Arnott was a prominent member of the Wesleyan Church and taught Sunday school for close to 25 years.[11] In 1848, Arnott wed Monica Sinclair, who already had four children at the time of the marriage; Sinclair died aged 36 on 11 April 1865.[4] That same year, Arnott married Margarete McLean Fleming. She assisted him in his baking business and they had eight children.[4] A rather surprising and widespread omission from William Arnott biographies (including the major article on him in 1968 in the Australian Dictionary of Biography [Volume 3, Melbourne University Press] by Phyllis Mander-Jones who is a descendant of his, and also in histories of the Arnotts Biscuits company, has been any mention of the convict heritage of this Australian Arnott family. Yet the details of such have been clearly published in places. For example, the author Malcolm David Prentis published in 1983, in "The Scots in Australia", that the most famous Scots lay Methodist was biscuit-maker William Arnott; and that he was son of David Millie Arnott who had been transported here for breach of trust, fraud and embezzlement following sentence in 1837.[12]

Death and legacy

On 22 July 1901,[13] Arnott died at his ‘Arnottholme’ residence.[14] aged 73.[13] Shortly after his death, Arnott's sons spread out the business to other parts of the world, including East Asia and South Africa.[4]

gollark: Oh, heating is expensive, yes.
gollark: Ah, I see.
gollark: What, sugary food?
gollark: Er. No.
gollark: So, all mages are horribly addicted to sugary foods.

References
  1. Mander-Jones, Phyllis (1969). "Arnott, William (1827–1901)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. 3. Melbourne University Press. ISSN 1833-7538 – via National Centre of Biography, Australian National University.
  2. "Arnott's Australian Biscuit Tins". Pittwater Online News.
  3. "Our History". Morpeth Sourdough Bakery. Retrieved 10 March 2013.
  4. "History of Cookie's Lounge Bar". Cookie's Lounge Bar. Retrieved 11 March 2013.
  5. Farrer, Keith (2005). To Feed A Nation: A History of Australian Food Science and Technology. Csiro Publishing. p. 81. ISBN 9780643099722.
  6. "Gold Rush and William Arnott". Education Scotland. Retrieved 10 March 2013.
  7. Humphery, Kim (1998). Shelf Life: Supermarkets and the Changing Cultures of Consumption. Cambridge University Press. p. 42. ISBN 9780521626309.
  8. Symons, Michael (2007). One Continuous Picnic: A Gastronomic History of Australian Eating (2 ed.). Melbourne University Press. p. 115. ISBN 9780522853230.
  9. Santich, Barbara (2012). Bold Palates. Wakefield Publishing. p. 279. ISBN 9781743050941.
  10. Dale, David (2010). The Little Book of Australia. p. 121. ISBN 9781459603868.
  11. Gregory, Denis (2010). It's All About Australia, Mate. Exisle. p. 45. ISBN 9781775590453.
  12. Prentis, Malcolm David (1983). The Scots in Australia. Sydney University Press.
  13. "The Descendants of William ARNOT circa 1780.: Third Generation". Airgale. 2013. Retrieved 10 March 2013.
  14. "Arnott Family". Strathfield Heritage. Retrieved 10 March 2013.
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