William Alexander Henry

William Alexander Henry (December 30, 1816 – May 3, 1888) was a Canadian lawyer, politician, judge. He was one of the Fathers of Confederation and one of the first judges of the Supreme Court of Canada.

William Alexander Henry
Member of the General Assembly of Nova Scotia
In office
1840–1843
In office
1847–1867
Mayor of Halifax
In office
1870–1871
Preceded byStephen Tobin
Succeeded byWilliam Dunbar
Puisne Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada
In office
September 30, 1875 – May 3, 1888
Nominated byAlexander Mackenzie
Preceded byNone (new position)
Succeeded byChristopher Salmon Patterson
Personal details
Born(1816-12-30)December 30, 1816
Halifax, Nova Scotia
DiedMay 3, 1888(1888-05-03) (aged 71)
Ottawa, Ontario
Children8 all together and from each wife 7 from Christianna Mcdonald and 1 from Sophia Mcdonald
ProfessionLawyer, Judge

Henry was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Shortly afterward, his family moved to Antigonish. He attended Halifax High School then studied law and was admitted to the bar. He was married twice (1840 and 1850). His two sons were William Alexander Henry Jr., a successful Halifax lawyer and Hugh MacD Henry.[1] The elder W. A. Henry served as a cabinet minister in Nova Scotia in governments led by both the Liberals and the Conservatives. He represented the Antigonish region almost continuously from 1840 to 1867 and was appointed attorney general in 1864.[2]

Henry was a strong believer in the benefits that could be derived from a British American union such as free trade and the construction of the Intercontinental Railway. Henry was a delegate to all three Confederation Conferences, and upon approval by the union in the Spring of 1866, he travelled to the London Conference as part of the delegation mandated to compose the legislation. The Nova Scotia delegates voted to accept the Québec Resolutions into the British North America Act, 1867 but Henry objected to the limitation on the number of Senate seats. He also supported the unsuccessful efforts to have the existence of Roman Catholic separate schools entrenched in the Act. He was one of the attorneys general who helped frame the language. However, it is an unproved tradition that he drafted the BNA Act.[3]

After Confederation, Henry suffered defeat in his own district for the first time in 24 years. He returned to private practice in Halifax and was elected mayor of the city in 1870.[4] Although he was denied a judgeship in Nova Scotia, Henry was one of the first appointed to the newly created Supreme Court of Canada in 1875. He died in Ottawa, Ontario.[5]

Henry was a Freemason of St. John’s Lodge, No. 161 (England) in Halifax, and affiliated with Civil Service Lodge No. 148 (Ontario) of Ottawa on March 13, 1883.[6]

Henry House in Halifax, which served as Henry's residence from 1854 to 1864, was designated a National Historic Site in 1969 due in part to its association with Henry.[7]

Election results
1867 Canadian federal election: Antigonish
Party Candidate Votes%
Anti-ConfederationHugh McDonald1,23876.04
ConservativeWilliam A. Henry39023.96
Total valid votes 1,628100.00  
This electoral district was created by the British North America Act, 1867 from the colonial Province of Nova Scotia's Antigonish electoral district. William Alexander Henry was one of the incumbents, along with John McKinnon.
Source: Library of Parliament[8]

Footnotes
  1. Allison, David & Tuck, Clyde Edwin, The History of Nova Scotia, Volume III. Part 1 (1916, A. Bowen & Co., Halifax).
  2. Library and Archives Canada.
  3. Blakeley, Phyllis R. (1982). "Henry, William Alexander". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. XI (1881–1890) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
  4. Supreme Court of Canada - Biographies: The Honourable William Alexander Henry.
  5. Library and Archives Canada.
  6. Michael Jenkyns (July 2017). "Canada's Sesquicentennial - Freemasonry and Confederation". Grand Lodge A.F. & A.M. of Canada in the Province of Ontario. Archived from the original on 5 December 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  7. Henry House National Historic Site of Canada. Canadian Register of Historic Places. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
  8. Library of Parliament. "History of Federal Ridings since 1867, Antigonish, Nova Scotia (1867 - 1917)". Retrieved 1 December 2015.
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