Wilfrid Cracroft Ash

Wilfrid Cracroft Ash (2 February 1884 – 9 December 1968)[1][2] was a civil engineer and co-founder of the construction company Gilbert-Ash. He is noted for technological inventions in pre-stressed concrete,[3] was designer and engineer-in-chief of the Vizagapatam harbour between 1928 and 1933, and was engineer-in-chief for the world’s largest Royal Ordnance Factory based in Swynnerton, Staffordshire between 1940 and 1945.[4]

Wilfrid Cracroft Ash
Born2 February 1884
Sculcoates, East Riding of Yorkshire, England
Died9 December 1968
Known forVizagapatam Harbour
Prestressed concrete
Co-founder of Gilbert-Ash Ltd
Spouse(s)Beatrice Millicent Baxter
Edith Maud Harper

Education and personal life

Wilfrid Ash was born in Sculcoates, East Riding of Yorkshire, England to engineer father, William Ash, and mother Phoebe (née Cracroft).[1] His general education was at Ipswich Endowed School and, having studied privately with Bertram Lawrence Hurst between 1903 and 1907, he gained a B.Sc (Engineering) in 1909 from London University.[5] The same year, he married Beatrice Millicent Baxter[6] and they had two children together, Marjory Yvonne (b. 1915 in Calcutta, India) and Maurice Anthony Ash, the environmentalist, writer and planner, in Hazaribagh, India. Beatrice died in 1917 during childbirth. In 1926 Wilfrid remarried, Edith Maud Harper, in Calcutta. They had one son, Michael Edward Ash (b.1927), the mathematician and brewer who invented ‘Easy Serve’ Draught Guinness and who pioneered the nitro-beer category.[7] Wilfrid Ash died on 9 December 1968 at his home in Petersfield, UK.[2]

Career

In his early years, Wilfrid Ash was engaged in the construction of the gun-batteries at Portsmouth Harbour. In 1907 he joined the Indian Civil Service[4] and in 1909 became a Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers. He was posted to Calcutta in 1910 where he was responsible for the completion of King George's Dock.[4] In 1928, he relocated to Vizagapatam, as engineer-in-chief, to design and supervise the construction of the new Vizagapatam Harbour (now called Visakhapatnam Port). Here he implemented the unique feature of scuttling, end-to-end, two tramp ships (each of about 400 feet in length and of about 3,000 tons) to form a revetment, enabling the containment of silting from the harbour area.[8] The docks were completed in 1933.[9][10][11] Two years later, Sir Clement Hindley said:

"The confidence which the Government of India placed in Mr. Ash had been most fully justified."[11]

WC Ash's revetment design at Vizagapatam Harbour Journal of the Institution of Civil Engineers Vol.1 Issue.2 Page 247

Ash retired from the Indian Civil Service in 1938 and, following the outbreak of WWII in 1939, he became a consultant to Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, later joining the Ministry of Supply. He became engineer-in-chief for Bovis of the world’s largest ordnance factory, ROF Swynnerton, overseeing the erection of 1,700 buildings within just nine months.[4][10] At the height of the war, the Swynnerton factory employed approximately 18,000 labourers [12] and, as an arsenal, was instrumental in securing victory over the Nazis in 1945. In 1964, the MP for Newcastle-under-Lyme, Stephen Swingler commented:

"At the peak of the war this factory in the heart of the Staffordshire countryside employed a total of 25,000 (sic.) workers. It made a most important contribution as an arsenal of the weapons of war to victory over the Nazis in 1945."[13]

Ash also acted as consultant for the flotation of the Mulberry Harbour Phoenix Units used in the Normandy Landings.[4][10]

In 1946 he joined Paul Gilbert and with him founded the construction firm Gilbert-Ash Ltd (Initially Bovis (Public Works) Ltd; name changed to Gilbert-Ash Ltd 9 February 1946[14] before becoming Bovis Engineering Ltd on 20 February 1990[15]), with which he remained until retiring in 1961 at the age of 77.[10] Ash was a pioneer of industrial building, realising the advantages of using pre-stressed, precast concrete components to speed building operations and devoting much of his time, with the Ministry of Education, to the development of the Intergrid construction system for educational buildings.[3]

Publications

Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers. Selected Engineering Papers Vol. 233 Issue 1932 (1932) PART 1. E-ISSN|1753-7843

  • Calcutta Port Extensions W C Ash (Paper No. 4842). pp. 324-360
  • The Construction and Sinking of Monoliths at King George’s Dock, Calcutta James David Pearson with information by Mr Ash (Paper No. 4841). pp. 361-375
  • Correspondence on 4841 & 4852 Calcutta Port Extensions. The Construction and Sinking of Monoliths at King George’s Dock Calcutta. W C Ash. pp. 398-411

The Institution of Civil Engineers. Selected Engineering Papers Vol. 1 Issue 122 (1932). E-ISSN 1753-7827

  • An experiment on quay-walls at King George’s Docks, Calcutta. W C Ash

The Journal of the Institution of Civil Engineers. Vol. 1 Issue 2 (December 1935) E-ISSN|0368-2455

  • Vizagapatam Harbour. Part I – General notes. Part II – Construction. W C Ash & O B Rattenbury pp.235-314
  • Discussion. Vizagapatam Harbour. General notes. Constructions. Pp. 315-333

Bibliography
  • Biographical Dictionary of Civil Engineers in Great Britain and Ireland- Volume 3: 1890-1920 Edited by RC McWilliam & M Chrimes. ICE Publishing (2014) ISBN 978-0-7277-5834-7
  • ROF Swynnerton - Bullets, Bombs & Roses by Graham Bebbington. Churnet Valley Books (2018) ISBN 978-0-9956-0398-1
gollark: moon > mars
gollark: ...
gollark: No. Actually explain things instead of expecting people to blindly pattern-match whatever nonsense you're trying to convey out of a heap of stuff.
gollark: If you want serious treatment:- make actual testable claims- try and explain actual ideas involved- don't just dump unreadably vast amounts of random trash and expect people to read them (I doubt you have)- ideally get peer-reviewed papers but the rest is more important
gollark: *This* doesn't make sense. You're not explaining any ideas but dumping piles of irrelevant information at us.

References
  1. UK Government: General Register Office (GRO) index: Births Mar 1884 Sculcoates Vol. 9d Pg. 126
  2. UK Government: General Register Office (GRO) index: Deaths Dec 1968 Petersfield Vol. 6B Pg. 455
  3. Prestressed concrete floor, roof and like structures Patent No. US2925727A (1954)
  4. "Obituary of Wilfird Cracroft Ash" (57434). The Times. 14 December 1968.
  5. University of London, The Historical Record (1812 - 1912). University of London Press. 1912. p. 315.
  6. UK Government: General Register Office (GRO) index: Marriages Dec 1909 Portsmouth Vol. 2b Pg. 902
  7. Trinity College Cambridge,Making Guinness Guinness – Michael Ash The Fountain, Issue 23
  8. Ash, Wilfrid Cracroft; Rattenbury, Oscar Branch (January 1936). "Vizagapatam Harbour. Part I – General notes. Part II – Construction". Institution of Civil Engineers. 1 (2): 246–248, 285.
  9. "Port of Vizagapatam". vizagport.com. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
  10. Obituary of Wilfrid Cracroft Ash Bovis Group News Release (11 December 1968)
  11. "Discussion: Vizagapatam Harbour. General notes". Journal of the Institution of Civil Engineers. 1 (2): 316. December 1935. doi:10.1680/ijoti.1935.14910.
  12. Catford, Nick. "Swynnerton Royal Ordnance Factory". Retrieved 13 July 2018.
  13. Swingler, Stephen (19 March 1964). "Royal Ordnance Factory, Swynnerton". House of Commons Debates, Hansard 1803-2003. 691 (1772–88). Retrieved 13 July 2018.
  14. "Companies Registration Office: Certificate of Name Change". Companies House. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
  15. "Companies House: Special Resolution of Name Change". Companies House. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
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