White River (Arkansas–Missouri)

The White River is a 722-mile (1,162 km) long river that flows through the U.S. states of Arkansas and Missouri. Originating in the Boston Mountains of northwest Arkansas, it flows northwards into southern Missouri, and then turns back into Arkansas, flowing southeast to its mouth at the Mississippi River.

White River
White River in Arkansas, January 2008
Map of the White River watershed
Location
CountryUnited States
StateArkansas, Missouri
CitiesNewport, Batesville, Fayetteville
Physical characteristics
SourceBoston Mountains
 • locationOzark-St. Francis National Forest, Madison County, Arkansas
 • coordinates35°50′20″N 93°36′16″W[1]
 • elevation2,260 ft (690 m)[2]
MouthMississippi River
 • location
Desha County, Arkansas
 • coordinates
33°57′5″N 91°4′53″W[1]
 • elevation
188 ft (57 m)[3]
Length722 mi (1,162 km)[4]
Basin size27,765 sq mi (71,910 km2)[5]
Discharge 
 • locationDevalls Bluff[6]
 • average26,180 cu ft/s (741 m3/s)[7]
 • minimum3,230 cu ft/s (91 m3/s)
 • maximum154,000 cu ft/s (4,400 m3/s)
Discharge 
 • locationClarendon
 • average29,479 cu ft/s (834.8 m3/s)[8]
Basin features
LandmarksWhite River National Wildlife Refuge
Tributaries 
 • leftJames River, North Fork River, Black River
 • rightBuffalo River, Little Red River, Bayou des Arc
WaterbodiesLake Taneycomo, Beaver Lake, Bull Shoals Lake, Table Rock Lake

Course
White River near Flippin, Arkansas, May 2006

The source of the White River is in the Boston Mountains of northwest Arkansas, in the Ozark–St. Francis National Forest southeast of Fayetteville. The river flows northwards from its source in northwest Arkansas, loops up through southwest Missouri through Branson, Missouri. In Branson the river forms Lake Taneycomo, where it is held back by the Powersite Dam.[9] The Powersite was the first dam on the White River. The flow into this comes from Table Rock Lake, and down stream it flows into Bull Shoals Lake, from where it travels back into Arkansas, and then heads generally southeast to its mouth at the Mississippi River.

On entering the Mississippi River Valley region near Batesville, Arkansas, the river becomes navigable to shallow-draft vessels, and its speed decreases considerably. The final 10 miles (16 km) of the river serves as the last segment of the McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System; this part of the channel is deeper than the rest of the river.

Despite being much shorter than the Arkansas River, it carries nearly as much water—normally more than 20,000 cubic feet per second (570 m3/s), and occasionally more than 100,000 cubic feet per second (2,800 m3/s) during floods.

River modifications

Lake Taneycomo was created in 1913 when the Empire District Electric Company built a dam just south of Forsyth, Missouri.[10] Beaver Lake, Bull Shoals Lake, and Table Rock Lake are man-made lakes or reservoirs created by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers under the authority of the Flood Control Act of 1938.[11] A total of eight dams impound the upper White River, six in Arkansas and two in Missouri. The White River National Wildlife Refuge lies along the lower part of the river.

Tributaries

The tributaries of the White River include Cache River, Bayou des Arc, Little Red River, Black River, North Fork River, Crooked Creek, Buffalo River, Kings River, James River, and Roaring River. Some cities that lie on the White River are Newport, Augusta, Calico Rock, and Batesville, all in Arkansas, as well as Branson and Hollister in Missouri.

Angling

Fishing for trout is popular in the upper portions of the river from the Beaver Lake tailwaters in northwestern Arkansas, through its course through southwest Missouri (including all of Lake Taneycomo), and back down through Arkansas to the Highway 58 bridge in Guion. The river has long been ranked one of the top trout fisheries in the country. Fishing is popular in these waters for a number of trout species including rainbow, brown, and cutthroat trout.[12] A number of trout fishing resorts lie on the tailwaters of Bull Shoals Lake and the North Fork River.[13] Fishing for white bass is also popular in these waters.

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See also

References
  1. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: White River, USGS GNIS.
  2. Google Earth elevation for GNIS source coordinates.
  3. Google Earth elevation for GNIS mouth coordinates.
  4. Rogers, Aaron W. "White River - Encyclopedia of Arkansas". www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net. Archived from the original on 27 October 2018. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
  5. "FDsys - Browse Federal Register". www.epa.gov.
  6. http://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2005/wdr-ar-05/WDR-AR-05-1.pdf Archived 2007-06-21 at the Wayback Machine USGS Water Data Reports for the United States, 2005.
  7. http://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2005/wdr-ar-05/WDR-AR-05-1.pdf Archived 2007-06-21 at the Wayback Machine USGS Water Data Reports for the United States, 2005.
  8. https://waterdata.usgs.gov/ar/nwis/annual/?format=sites_selection_links&search_site_no=07077800&agency_cd=USGS&referred_module=sw
  9. "Branson Lake Taneycomo". Archived from the original on 26 August 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
  10. Pfister, Fred (2006). Insider's Guide: Branson and the Ozark Mountains. ISBN 0-7627-4042-6.
  11. "Flood Control Act of 1938" (PDF). fws.gov. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2006-10-06. Retrieved 2007-07-08.
  12. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-03-20. Retrieved 2013-02-28.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  13. "White River - Explore the Ozarks". whiteriver.net. Archived from the original on 2013-06-16. Retrieved 2013-02-28.

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