Washington Award
The Washington Award is an American engineering award.
Since 1916 it has been given annually for "accomplishments which promote the happiness, comfort, and well-being of humanity". It is awarded jointly by the following engineering societies: American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, American Nuclear Society, American Society of Civil Engineers, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, National Society of Professional Engineers, and Western Society of Engineers (which administers the award).
Honorees
- Herbert C. Hoover, 1919
- Robert W. Hunt, 1922
- Arthur N. Talbot, 1924
- Jonas Waldo Smith, 1925
- John Watson Alvord, 1926
- Orville Wright, 1927
- Michael Idvorsky Pupin, 1928
- Bion Joseph Arnold, 1929
- Mortimer Elwyn Cooley, 1930
- Ralph Modjeski, 1931
- William David Coolidge, 1932
- Ambrose Swasey, 1935
- Charles Franklin Kettering, 1936
- Frederick Gardner Cottrell, 1937
- Frank Baldwin Jewett, 1938
- Daniel Webster Mead, 1939
- Daniel Cowan Jackling, 1940
- Ralph Budd, 1941
- William Lamont Abbott, 1942
- Andrey Abraham Potter, 1943
- Henry Ford, 1944
- Arthur Holly Compton, 1945
- Vannevar Bush, 1946
- Karl Taylor Compton, 1947
- Ralph Edward Flanders, 1948
- John Lucian Savage, 1949
- Wilfred Sykes, 1950
- Edwin Howard Armstrong, 1951
- Henry Townley Heald, 1952
- Gustav Egloff, 1953
- Lillian Moller Gilbreth, 1954
- Charles Erwin Wilson, 1955
- Robert E. Wilson, 1956
- Walker Lee Cisler, 1957
- Ben Moreell, 1958
- James R. Killian, Jr., 1959
- Herbert Payne Sedwick, 1960
- William V. Kahler, 1961
- Alexander C. Monteith, 1962
- Philip Sporn, 1963
- John Slezak, 1964
- Glenn Theodore Seaborg, 1965
- Augustus Braun Kinzel, 1966
- Frederick Lawson Hovde, 1967
- James B. Fisk, 1968
- Nathan M. Newmark, 1969
- H.G. Rickover, 1970
- William L. Everitt, 1971
- Thomas Otten Paine, 1972
- John A. Volpe, 1973
- John D. deButts, 1974
- David Packard, 1975
- Ralph B. Peck, 1976
- Michael Tenenbaum, 1977
- Dixy Lee Ray, 1978
- Marvin Camras, 1979
- Neil Armstrong, 1980
- John E. Swearingen, 1981
- Manson Benedict, 1982
- John Bardeen, 1983
- Robert W. Galvin, 1984
- Stephen D. Bechtel, 1985
- Mark Shepherd Jr., 1986
- Grace Murray Hopper, 1987
- James McDonald, 1988
- Sherwood L. Fawcett, 1989
- John H. Sununu, 1990
- Frank Borman, 1991
- Leon M. Lederman, 1992
- William States Lee, 1993
- Kenneth H. Olson, 1994
- George W. Housner, 1995
- Wilson Greatbatch, 1996
- Frank Kreith, 1997
- John R. Conrad, 1998
- Jack S. Kilby, 1999
- Donna Lee Shirley, 2000
- Dan Bricklin, 2001
- Bob Frankston, 2001
- Richard J. Robbins, 2002
- Eugene Cernan, 2003
- Nick Holonyak, 2004
- Robert S. Langer, 2005
- Henry Petroski, 2006
- Michael J. Birck, 2007
- Dean Kamen, 2008
- Clyde N. Baker, Jr., 2009
- Alvy Ray Smith, 2010
- Martin C. Jischke, 2011[1]
- Martin Cooper, 2012
- Kristina M. Johnson, 2013
- Bill Nye, 2014 [2]
- Bernard Amadei, 2015
- Aprille Joy Ericsson, 2016
- Chuck Hull, 2017
Source[3]
gollark: What? Of course they are in our universe.
gollark: Those aren't heaven and hell, silly.
gollark: > The temperature of Heaven can be rather accurately computed from available data. Our authority is Isaiah 30:26, “Moreover, the light of the Moon shall be as the light of the Sun and the light of the Sun shall be sevenfold, as the light of seven days.” Thus Heaven receives from the Moon as much radiation as we do from the Sun, and in addition seven times seven (49) times as much as the Earth does from the Sun, or fifty times in all. The light we receive from the Moon is one ten-thousandth of the light we receive from the Sun, so we can ignore that. With these data we can compute the temperature of Heaven. The radiation falling on Heaven will heat it to the point where the heat lost by radiation is just equal to the heat received by radiation, i.e., Heaven loses fifty times as much heat as the Earth by radiation. Using the Stefan-Boltzmann law for radiation, (H/E)^4 = 50, where E is the absolute temperature of the earth (-300K), gives H as 798K (525C). The exact temperature of Hell cannot be computed, but it must be less than 444.6C, the temperature at which brimstone or sulphur changes from a liquid to a gas. Revelations 21:8 says “But the fearful, and unbelieving … shall have their part in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone.” A lake of molten brimstone means that its temperature must be at or below the boiling point, or 444.6C (Above this point it would be a vapor, not a lake.) We have, then, that Heaven, at 525C is hotter than Hell at 445C. – “Applied Optics”, vol. 11, A14, 1972
gollark: This is because it canonically receives 50 times the light Earth does.
gollark: Heaven is in fact hotter.
See also
References
External links
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