Warren Hastings (1802 EIC ship)

Warren Hastings was a three-decker East Indiaman, launched in 1802. The French captured her in 1805 during her second voyage for the East India Company and sold her to Danish owners. The British recaptured her in 1807 or so, and within a year thereafter she was again in her former owner's hands. She then made several more voyages for the company.

For other ships with the same name, see Warren Hastings (East Indiaman).

The French frigate Piémontaise capturing the East Indiaman Warren Hastings
History
Kingdom of Great Britain
Name: Warren Hastings
Namesake: Warren Hastings
Owner: John Pascal Larkins (1802–1805)
Operator: East India Company
Builder: Frances Barnard, Son & Roberts, Deptford
Launched: 27 November 1802[1]
Captured: 21 June 1806
France
Acquired: 11 June 1805 by capture
Fate: Sold c. 1807
Denmark-Norway
Name: Warren Hastings
Acquired: c.1807 by purchase
Captured: c.1807
United Kingdom
Name: Warren Hastings
Owner:
  • John Pascal Larkins (c.1811–1812)
  • William Sims (1812–1829)
Acquired: c.1807 by capture and subsequent sale
Fate: Broken up 1829
General characteristics
Class and type: East Indiaman
Tons burthen: 1200,[2] or 1276,[3] 1356,[4] or 1356​18⁄94[1] (bm)
Length: 165 ft 4 in (50.4 m) (overall), 133 ft 4 in (40.6 m) (keel)
Beam: 42 ft 5 in (12.9 m)
Depth of hold: 17 ft 1 in (5.2 m)
Sail plan: Full rigged ship
Complement:
Armament:

Career

First EIC voyage (1803–1804)

Captain Thomas Larkins sailed Warren Hasting for China, leaving The Downs on 6 April 1803 and arriving at Whampoa on 28 August.[3] Before she arrived she rescued a dozen or so Chinese sailors. A gale had caught their three "tchuans" and sunk them, causing the loss of some 500 people. The same gale had also caught the East Indiaman Houghton, causing her loss, together with that of the 120 or so people aboard her.[6]

Larkins had left Britain during the Peace of Amiens so he did not apply for a letter of marque. However, the Peace broke down in May 1803. Larkins received a letter of marque on 16 September, while he was in China.[4] Homeward bound, Warren Hastings crossed the Second Bar on 1 February 1804.[3]

Main article: Battle of Pulo Aura

Warren Hastings was traveling in convoy with the fleet of East Indiamen returning from China, and under the command of Commodore Nathaniel Dance. On 14 February the China fleet encountered a small French squadron under Contre-Admiral Charles-Alexandre Durand Linois. some shots were exchanged, but the East Indiamen were able to bluff Linois into withdrawing.

Warren Hastings was directly engaged and the Indiamen reached Malacca on 19 February and Penang on 1 March. Warren Hastings was at St Helena on 7 June and arrived at The Downs on 8 August.[3]

Second EIC voyage and capture (1805)

Larkins sailed Warren Hastings for Benkulen and China on her second voyage, leaving Portsmouth on 17 February 1805. She spent May–July at St Helena and September–October at Benkulen. However, on 21 June 1806, as Warren Hastings was on her way back from Canton, the French frigate Piémontaise, under the command of Captain Épron, captured her at 26°13′S 56°45′E,[3] in a noteworthy single-ship action.[5] Larkins put up a stubborn resistance for four hours.[1] Casualties on Warren Hastings from the engagement amounted to seven killed and 13 wounded; casualties on Piémontaise amounted to seven killed and five wounded. After Warren Hastings struck, the French boarding party stabbed Larkin, wounding him severely, and wounded four other officers and crew.[5] [Note 2]

Her captors took Warren Hastings to Mauritius where they arrived on 4 July. Thereafter the French initially used her as a prison ship.[1][Note 3]

On 11 December 1806, Warren Hastings was sold with "her tackle and apparel."[9] The purchaser was a Danish company.[10] One report has the Danish East India Company purchasing Warren Hastings as a replacement for Holstein, which had arrived at Port Louis on 21 July 1806 and been condemned.[11]

Reportedly she was wrecked in a cyclone at Bourbon Island towards end-December.[9] It is clear that she was not totally wrecked as she returned to commerce.

Recapture (c.1807) and third EIC voyage (1809–1810)

The British recaptured Warren Hastings at Frederiksnagore (Surampore),[11][10] then part of Danish India, and 14 miles north of Calcutta, presumably after the British attack on Copenhagen in August–September 1807. Her captors placed Warren Hastings in the Indian coastal trade for some months until John Pascall Larkins, Jr., younger brother of Thomas Larkins, Jr., purchased her in 1809.[1][10]

Captain C. P. MacFarlane sailed Warren Hastings back to England from Calcutta as an "extra ship", i.e., under charter. She left Calcutta on 11 September 1809, reached Madras on 24 September, and the Cape on 16 December. She was at St Helena on 27 January 1810 and arrived at Portsmouth on 8 April and Blackwall on 24 April.[12]

Fourth EIC voyage (1811–1812)

Captain Gunter Lyde Browne sailed Warren Hastings to the Cape and China, leaving Portsmouth on 8 April 1811. He sailed under a letter of marque issued on 20 February 1811.[4] She reached the Cape of Good Hope on 13 July, Penang on 30 August, and Malacca on 20 September, before arriving at Whampoa on 28 October. Homeward bound, she crossed the Second Bar on 11 January 1812, reached St Helena on 21 March, and arrived at The Downs on 14 May.[13]

Fifth EIC voyage (1815–1816)

Captain Richard Rawes left The Downs on 27 April 1815, bound for China. Warren Hastings arrived at Whampoa on 23 September. Homeward bound, she crossed the Second Bar on 10 January 1816, reached St Helena on 26 March, and arrived at The Downs on 11 May.[13] Rawes brought with him Wisteria sinensis (Chinese wisteria) plants.[14] In addition to the wisteria, Rawes brought two Camellia hybrids for his relation Thomas Carey Palmer, of Bromley in Kent: "Wellbank's White Camellia" (Camellia japonica "Wellbankii") and Camellia × maliflora.[15]

Sixth EIC voyage (1819–1820)
Camellia reticulata

Captain Rawes and Warren Hastings left Portsmouth on 4 April 1819, reached Penang on 20 July, Malacca on 15 September, and Singapore on ten days later. She arrived at Whampoa on 7 November. Homeward bound, she crossed the Second Bar on 6 February 1820, reached St Helena on 21 April, and arrived at The Downs on 20 June Downs.[13]

Rawes brought with him Camellia reticulata plants, the first imported to England, the variety becoming known as 'Captain Rawes'. For over a century 'Captain Rawes' was the sole reticulata cultivated in Europe.[16] Rawes also brought Palmer "Camellia sasanqua, var. β. stricata", "Paconia Moutan, var. Rawesii", and "Primula pranitens".[15]

Seventh EIC voyage (1823–1824)

Warren Hastings, still under the command of Captain Richard Rawes, left the Downs on 21 April 1823 and arrived at Whampoa on 1 October. Homeward bound, she crossed the Second Bar on 17 January 1824, reached St Helena on 27 March, and arrived at The Downs on 10 June.[13]

Eighth EIC voyage (1825–1826)

Captain Richard Rawes and Warrren Hastings left The Downs on 1 May 1825. On the way, severe weather caused considerable damage, forcing Rawes to divert to Penang, which she reached on 27 August, for repairs. The repairs took some time long as Warren Hastings did not reach Singapore until 3 October. A cyclone on the way to China again caused damage, but she arrived at Whampoa on 6 November. Homeward bound, she crossed the Second Bar on 6 February 1826, reached St Helena on 3 May, and arrived at The Downs on 23 June.[13]

Fate

In 1829 Warren Hastings was sold for breaking up after having been laid up for some time.[1]

Notes, citations, and references

Notes

  1. These figures are from the naval historian William James. He reported that four 18-pounder guns on the main deck and four 18-pounder carronades from the upper deck were stored in the hold.[5]
  2. On 7 January 1807 the Court of Directors of the EIC awarded 500 guineas to Larkins and 2000 guineas to his crew for their gallant defense.[7]
  3. The EIC valued her cargo at £104,051.[8]

Citations

  1. Hackman (2001), p. 212.
  2. Hardy & Hardy (1811), p. 226.
  3. British Library: Warren Hastings (2).
  4. "Letter of Marque, p.92 - accessed 25 July 2017" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 October 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
  5. James (1837), Vol. 4, pp.239–44.
  6. Naval Chronicle, Vol. 15, p.467.
  7. Grocott (1997), p. 216.
  8. Ward (1830) App. 5 to the First report of the select Committee of the House of Commons, pp.976–80.
  9. Piat (2007), p. 94.
  10. Sutton (2010), p. 232.
  11. Publications... (1902), Vol. 20, p.369.
  12. British Library: Warren Hastings (4).
  13. British Library: Warren Hastings (5).
  14. Compton (2015), pp. 248–293.
  15. Bretschneider (1898), pp. 282–3.
  16. Camellias.pics: Photographic nomenclature of Camellias. Accessed 2 September 2016.

References

  • Bretschneider, E. (1898) History of European Botanical Discoveries in China, Volumes 1–2. (Sampson Low, Marston and Company).
  • Compton, James A. (November 2015) "815. Wisteria Sinensis on the slow boat from China: the journey of wisteria to England; Leguminosae (Fabaceae)". Curtis's Botanical Magazine, Vol. 32, Issue 3–4.
  • Grocott, Terence (1997). Shipwrecks of the Revolutionary & Napoleonic Eras. London: Chatham. ISBN 1861760302.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Hackman, Rowan (2001). Ships of the East India Company. Gravesend, Kent: World Ship Society. ISBN 0-905617-96-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Hardy, Horatio Charles (1811) A register of ships, employed in the service of the Honorable the United East India Company, from the year 1760 to 1810: with an appendix, containing a variety of particulars, and useful information interesting to those concerned with East India commerce. (Black, Parry, and Kingsbury).
  • James, William; Chamier, Frederick (1837). The Naval History of Great Britain: From the Declaration of War by France In 1793 to the Accession of George IV. London, UK: R. Bentley. OCLC 656581450.
  • Piat, Denis (trans: Mervyn North-Coombes) (2007) Pirates and Corsairs in Mauritius. (Christian le Comte). ISBN 978-99949-905-3-5
  • Publications of the Navy Records Society, (1902) Vol. 20. (Navy Records Society).
  • Sutton, Jean (2010) The East India Company's Maritime Service, 1746–1834: Masters of the Eastern Seas. (Boydell & Brewer). ISBN 978-1843835837
  • Ward, William (1830) Reports from the Select Committee of the House of Commons appointed to enquire into the present state of the affairs of the East India Company, together with the minutes of evidence, an appendix of documents, and a general index, Volume 2. Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Select Committee on the East India Company, William Ward.
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