Volkswagen LT

The Volkswagen LT was the largest light commercial panel van produced by Volkswagen (and subsequently Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles as of 1996) from 1975 to 2006. Two generations were produced.

Volkswagen LT
Overview
Manufacturer	initially: Volkswagen, later: Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles
Production	Typ 28: April 1975–July 1991 Typ 21: August 1991–December 1995 Typ 2D: May 1996–December 2005
Body and chassis
Class	Light commercial vehicle (M)
Body style	Van (Cargo/Passenger), Pickup, Minibus, Crew cab, Chassis cab
Layout	Front engine, rear-wheel drive or four-wheel drive
Platform	Volkswagen Group LT/T1N series
Chronology
Predecessor	DKW F1000 L
Successor	Volkswagen Crafter

1st generation LT (Typ 28/Typ 21)

Volkswagen LT (1st generation)
Overview
Manufacturer	Volkswagen
Also called	LT 28, LT 31, LT 35, LT 40, LT 45, LT 50, LT 55
Production	April 1975–December 1995
Assembly	Germany: Hannover (Volkswagenwerk Hannover)
Powertrain
Engine	Petrol: 2.0 L I4 (1975-1982) 2.4 L I6 (1983-1996) Diesel: 2.7 L Perkins I4 (1976-1977) 2.4 L D24 I6 (1978-1996) 2.4 L D24T turbo I6 (1983-1992) 2.4 L D24TIC turbo I6 (1993-1996)
Transmission	4-speed manual 5-speed dog-leg manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase	Short: 2,500 mm (98.4 in) Long: 2,950 mm (116.1 in) Super Long: 3,650 mm (143.7 in)
Width	panelvan/pickup-chassis/doka-chassis: 2,085 mm (82.1 in)[1] flatbed-pickup/flatbed-doka: 2,140 mm (84.3 in)[1]

History

Volkswagen introduced the Volkswagen Type 2 in 1950 and developed light commercial vehicle versions for German and European markets. The name "Kombi" (the name under which the Type 2 was sold in Brazil) established itself as a concept term to describe an entire light commercial vehicle segment. The automaker introduced the revised Volkswagen Type 2 (T2) in 1967. Commercial customers were shipping heavier and larger-volume freight. The Volkswagen Type 2 platform was also limited by its rear-mounted engine design. In total 471,221 series 1 LTs were produced between 1975 and 1996.

Early LT 31 double chassis cab

LT 35e LWB with a custom camper high roof

Volkswagen LT Mk 1 Westfalia campervan conversion 1989 - 1993

Defunct Dutch minibus based on LT 50 chassis

Design

The new design specifications for a larger transporter as an additional series ranged from 2.8 tons gross vehicle weight to 3.5 tons. The layout was a conventional rear drive with the engine located above the front axle, in a forward control or 'cab over' design.

The new Volkswagen van was launched in 1975 in Berlin. The name given to Volkswagen's large transporter was as functional as the entire vehicle: it was just called LT, which is simply the abbreviation of Lasten-Transporter (or cargo transporter).

The LT came in three gross vehicle weights, from 2.8 to 3.5 tons (LT 28, LT 31, LT 35), with two wheelbases, two roof options, and with bodywork options as a panel van, a compact, a platform vehicle and a chassis cab combination.

The design featured a high ratio of utility space to footprint due to its forward control design and overall width of 2.085 metres (6 ft 10.1 in). The compact LT panel van (with a little over four and a half metres in length) offered an interior load length of over three metres and a load area of around 5.5 square metres.

1980 LT 40D Sülzer 4x4

First generation post-facelift LT

Suspension/Axles

The LT was equipped with a front axle with independent front wheel suspension. Later options, such as the heavy LT 40 to LT 55, had a solid front axle to achieve increased load-carrying capacity as is common for light trucks.

Facelifts

The first facelift in 1983 changed mostly the interior, at the same time as the engine cover was changed and the turbo-diesel and inline-6 petrol engines were introduced. A redesigned dashboard was added and various other small things were changed. The undercarriage had an additional third wheelbase as an option for platform-type vehicles, at up to 4.6 metres in length.

Volkswagen LT 28 converted to a campervan

Two years later, Volkswagen again increased the gross vehicle weight, with the 5.6 ton LT 55. It was available with a single-tyre rear axle, allowing for more space between rear wheel wells inside the cargo floor. An LT with four-wheel drive that could be enabled from within the cab was also available.

The next facelift in 1986 changed the round headlights to rectangular units, as well as other minor cosmetic retouches.

In Spring 1993, there was again a modest change in the look, with new grey-plastic elements introduced to the radiator grille and in the rear lighting section. The diesel engines were replaced with a more modern version of the same block. The DW (N/A diesel) was replaced by the ACT engine and the DV (turbo-diesel) engines was replaced by the intercooled ACL engine. Additionally to that, the engine cover was replaced with a new version, that had an opening in the front allowing to check the coolant without having to open the entire engine cover.

Campervan versions

A touring camper in its various bodywork and fitting options was also produced. The vehicle's width allowed the possibility of beds arranged crosswise. Various Volkswagen-endorsed Westfalia campervan models were available for the LT, including the Sven Hedin, and a later model, Florida. The LT was also used by Karmann who produced over 3,000 Karmann LT Distance Wide coachbuilt motorhomes.

Truck cabs

The "G Series" light truck was a joint venture between Volkswagen and MAN AG, with gross vehicle weights of between six and ten tons. It was built from 1979 until 1993.

Volkswagen's Brazilian plant at Resende has been constructing trucks with weights of between 7 and 35 tons. Even after the launch of the new Volkswagen Constellation in 2006, Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles has continued to manufacture vehicles incorporating cabs based on the first generation of the LT. The Volkswagen Titan has succeeded in winning the European Cup in the Super Truck Race. Its cab is similarly based on the first generation of the LT's cab.

Rebadging

In the late eighties, German-built Volkswagen LT and MAN-VW G were sold in Spain as Pegaso Ekus, while Brazilian-built units were marketed in USA as Peterbilt Midrangers.

4x4

A 4X4 version of the LT was also produced. Volkswagen had already prepared for this in 1983 with the cab facelift, which incorporated instrumentation lights for front, centre and rear differential locks.

Sülzer developed a 6-cylinder, primarily diesel powered, 4x4 version of the long wheelbase VW LT, of which 156 were built. These were either LT40 or LT45 (rated 4 or 4.5 tonne). Opposed to the normal LT40 & LT45, the 4x4s only had single wheels on the rear axle. The chassis is lifted, 26mm anti-rollbars are added to cope with body-roll and the axles are replaced. A propshaft driven, rod/shaft controlled transfer box was installed under the vehicle.

The transfer box was a New Process 208, which is propshaft-driven and cable-operated. The same transfer box can also be found in Chevrolet Blazers and Jeep Cherokees. The first six of the Sülzer vehicles are supposed to have had Dana axles. After that production was changed to use the Italian built Clark-Hurth axles. All 4x4 LTs came as standard with rear and centre locking differentials, with optional front diff-lock also available (until it became standard fitment in 1991).

Due to the change of axles, the 4x4 LTs came with different wheels to the standard LTs. All 4x4 LTs have 6 stud tube type split-rims in 6.5J width. The standard tyre fitment on these wheels is 7.00x16 or 7.50x16.

In 1985 VW took over the production of the 4x4 LT and introduced the DW (2.4 inline-6 N/A diesel) and DV (2.4 inline-6 turbo-diesel) engines to the portfolio. They made another 1250 or so 4x4 LTs. The model portfolio covered only long wheel base vehicles. Tintop and hightop as LT40, pickup and double-cab as LT40 or LT45.[1]

In 1991 the naturally aspirated diesel engine was dropped from the 4x4 program as it did not have enough power for the 4x4 drivetrain, with most 4x4 LTs being either the 90 bhp 6-cyl petrol or the 102 bhp 6-cyl D24T. From 1993 on, VW introduced the D24TIC with 95 bhp, but more torque, for the LT (and LT 4x4). At the same time the transfer box was upgraded to the New Process 241.[2]

Steyr-Puch in Austria built the Noriker using VW LT underpinnings in competition with the Sülzer and VW LT 4x4s, but they only were produced in limited numbers.

De Vries also built three VW LT 4x4s on the same principle as Sülzer/VW, one of which was used in the Dakar Rally in 1983.[3]

Out of 5 million Mk1 VW LTs built, only 1250 featured four-wheel drive.

Typ codes

The Volkswagen "Typ codes" for the first generation LT were:

• Typ 28 — April 1975 to July 1991
• Typ 21 — August 1991 to December 1995
• Typ 29 — 4x4 1984 to 1989

The last first generation LT was produced in 1996, which corresponds to a British 'P' registration plate. In 21 years, just under 500,000 vehicles were assembled.

Engines

Volkswagen LT DV engine

The petrol engine was a modified Audi 100 VW EA831 2.0 L inline four-cylinder. In 1976 Volkswagen wanted to make a sports coupe and had Porsche design one for them using parts from the VW/Audi group bin with front engine and rear wheel drive. They did not go with the design as the rest of the range was switching to front wheel drive i.e. Golf/Polo/Jetta so VW came up with another design (the Scirocco). Porsche then decided to build it anyway in a collaboration with VW culminating in the Porsche 924 running with an VW EA831 Audi 2 L engine with Bosch K-Jetronic injection which is the same basic engine that was in the 2 L petrol LT at the time albeit with a carburettor and a vastly uprated Porsche designed cylinder head. It was rated at 55 kilowatts (75 PS; 74 bhp) and achieved higher torque at lower engine RPMs.

An inline four-cylinder diesel engine by Perkins was available. The 48 kilowatts (65 PS; 64 bhp) 2.7-litre diesel was included in the LT range from 1976 onwards.

The Perkins engine was replaced in 1978 with a six-cylinder variant of the Volkswagen Golf diesel. The original 1.6 L four-cylinder engine became the D24 2.4 L six-cylinder, delivering 55 kW (75 PS; 74 bhp). This engine was also used in a number of Volvo passenger cars.

In December 1982, an upgrade to the LT was introduced. The six-cylinder diesel was available as a turbodiesel, the Volkswagen D24T engine, producing 75 kilowatts (102 PS; 101 bhp) and 195 newton metres (144 lbf⋅ft) of torque. In addition, the six-cylinder engine was now also available as a 66 kilowatts (90 PS; 89 bhp) petrol engine. All engines were now mounted with a clear offset alignment that allowed for a flatter engine compartment, which was shifted further to the rear for more space for a third seat in the cab.

In 1992, an overhauled turbo-diesel engine with charge air cooler and 70 kilowatts (95 PS; 94 bhp) was introduced - the Volkswagen D24TIC engine.

Early DV/ACL engine valves are mechanically shimmed; later versions were hydraulically auto-adjusted. The ACL had bigger injectors and the addition of the intercooler. The main block and bottom end remained identical. The head/valve adjusters/injectors/intake manifold and turbo had variants plus a different sump for the oil to be pumped to the turbo.

Petrol
Model	Cylinders	Size	Injection Type	Power	Torque	Engine Code / Years
2.0	I4	1,984 cc	carbureted	52 kW (71 PS; 70 bhp) @ 4,300 rpm	132 N⋅m (97 lbf⋅ft) @ 2,400	CL: 05/76-11/82
2.0	I4	1,984 cc	carbureted	55 kW (75 PS; 74 bhp) @ 4,300 rpm	152 N⋅m (112 lbf⋅ft) @ 2,400	CH: 04/75-11/82
2.4	I6	2,383 cc	carbureted	66 kW (90 PS; 89 bhp)	-	DL: 08/82-07/92
2.4	I6	2,383 cc	fuel-injected	69 kW (94 PS; 93 bhp)	-	1E: 08/88-12/95
Diesel
Model	Cylinders	Size	Injection Type	Power	Torque	Engine Code / Years
2.7 Perkins	I4	2,702 cc	indirect	48 kW (65 PS; 64 bhp)	-	CG: 01/76-11/82
2.4 D24	I6	2,383 cc	indirect	55 kW (75 PS; 74 bhp) @ 4,000 rpm	155 N⋅m (114 lbf⋅ft) @ 2,800 rpm	CP: 08/78-11/82, DW: 12/82-07/92
2.4 D24[4]	I6	2,383 cc	indirect	51 kW (69 PS; 68 bhp) @ 3,400 rpm	145 N⋅m (107 lbf⋅ft) @ 1,600-1,800 rpm	1S: 08/88-07/92, ACT: 08/92-12/95
2.4 D24T	I6	2,383 cc	indirect, turbo-charged	68 kW (92 PS; 91 bhp)	-	1G: 08/88-07/92
2.4 D24T	I6	2,383 cc	indirect, turbo-charged	75 kW (102 PS; 101 bhp)	195 N⋅m (144 lbf⋅ft)	DV: 12/82-07/92
2.4 D24TIC	I6	2,383 cc	indirect, turbo-charged, intercooled	70 kW (95 PS; 94 bhp) @ 4,000 rpm	220 N⋅m (162 lbf⋅ft)	ACL: 08/91-12/95

Axles

Turbodiesel axles are reinforced, have the transition to the cardan shaft further ahead, or a shorter cardan shaft. Axles for single tires cannot be installed in vehicles with twin tires and vice versa. LT 1 4x4 axles are completely different and cannot be replaced by other LT axles.

Axle Ratio		M code (until 1990)	PR code (from 1991)	comment
Quicker
53: 14	= 3.79	396	0ZH
53: 13	= 4.08	355	0ZG
53: 13	= 4.08	452	?	Single tires
41: 10	= 4.10	267	0ZF
40: 9	= 4.44	378	0ZE
39: 8	= 4.88	379	0ZD
43: 8	= 5.38	092	0ZC
41: 7	= 5.86	375	0ZB
45: 7	= 6.43	382	0ZA
Slower

A full list of code letter explanations is available on the German VW LT wiki[5]

2nd generation LT (Typ 2D)

Volkswagen LT (2nd generation)
Overview
Manufacturer	Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles
Production	May 1996–July 2006
Dimensions
Wheelbase	3,000–4,025 mm (118.1–158.5 in)
Length	4,835–6,803 mm (190.4–267.8 in)
Width	1,922–2,151 mm (75.7–84.7 in)
Height	2,160–2,600 mm (85.0–102.4 in)
Chronology
Successor	Volkswagen Crafter

VW LT 35 TDI

History

In 1996, the joint venture of Volkswagen and Daimler's Mercedes-Benz Commercial introduced the second generation LT. The Volkswagen version shared the body shell with the new Mercedes-Benz Sprinter, however the engine and transmission were Volkswagen Group sourced. This deal would continue in the Volkswagen Crafter, successor to the LT.

The new design incorporated an engine mounted longitudinally beneath a short hood and with rear-wheel drive. The LT adopted what had become the standard style of construction for bigger transporters. It also included economical direct-injection diesel engines, easy access to the driver cab behind the front axle, and a wide space between the driver and passenger seat.

The range now went from 2.6 to 4.6 tons gross vehicle weight, and the enclosed options of the panel van and compact were available in three wheelbase options. Platform vehicles, crewcabs and numerous undercarriage options completed the range. A special articulated version of the second generation LT, the XLT was available through special order.

Typ codes

The Volkswagen "Typ codes" for the second generation LT are:

• Typ 35 — May 1996 to July 2006

Engines

Engines included a naturally aspirated engine, as well as three Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) diesel engines. These were the inline-five-cylinder TDI used in the Volkswagen Eurovan (Type 2 T4). The performance range for the LT initially went from 61 kilowatts (83 PS; 82 bhp) to 96 kilowatts (131 PS; 129 bhp). In January 2002, an inline-four-cylinder 2.8 litre engine increased power output to 116 kilowatts (158 PS; 156 bhp), and the maximum torque to 331 newton metres (244 lbf⋅ft).

The 2.8-litre engine's specifications:

• 2,799 cubic centimetres (170.8 cu in) inline-four-cylinder, 93 mm bore, 103 mm stroke and three valves per cylinder
• rated output: 116 kilowatts (158 PS; 156 bhp) EEC @ 3500 rpm; 331 newton metres (244 lbf⋅ft) @ 1800 rpm
• Diesel common rail fuel system

The 2.5-litre:

• 2,461 cubic centimetres (150.2 cu in) inline-five-cylinder, 81 mm bore, 95.5 mm stroke, 19.5 compression ratio, and two valves per cylinder
• rated output: 80 kilowatts (109 PS; 107 bhp) EEC @ 3500 rpm; 280 newton metres (207 lbf⋅ft) @ 1900 rpm
• Diesel direct injection fuel system (Bosch VP37 belt driven pump with two-stage nozzles)
• KKK K14 turbocharger

Petrol
Model	Cylinders	Size	Valves	Power	Torque	Engine Code / Years
2.3	I4	2,295 cc	16v	105 kW (143 PS; 141 bhp) @ 5,000 rpm	210 N⋅m (155 lbf⋅ft) @ 4,000	AGL: 05/96-11/01
Diesel
Model	Cylinders	Size	Valves	Power	Torque	Engine Code / Years
2.5 SDI	I5	2,461 cc	10v	55 kW (75 PS; 74 bhp) @ 3,800 rpm	160 N⋅m (118 lbf⋅ft) @ 2,000-2,400 rpm	AGX: 05/96-04/01
2.5 TDI	I5	2,461 cc	10v	61 kW (83 PS; 82 bhp) @ 3,500 rpm	200 N⋅m (148 lbf⋅ft) @ 1,500-2,500 rpm	BBE: 05/01-07/06
2.5 TDI	I5	2,461 cc	10v	66 kW (90 PS; 89 bhp) @ 3,500 rpm	220 N⋅m (162 lbf⋅ft) @ 1,800 rpm	APA: 05/99-04/01
2.5 TDI	I5	2,461 cc	10v	70 kW (95 PS; 94 bhp) @ 3,500 rpm	240 N⋅m (177 lbf⋅ft) @ 2,200-2,500 rpm	BBF: 05/01-07/06
2.5 TDI	I5	2,461 cc	10v	75 kW (102 PS; 101 bhp) @ 3,500 rpm	250 N⋅m (184 lbf⋅ft) @ 1,900-2,300 rpm	AHD: 05/96-05/99
2.5 TDI	I5	2,461 cc	10v	80 kW (110 PS; 110 bhp) @ 3,500 rpm	280 N⋅m (207 lbf⋅ft) @ 1,900-2,500 rpm	ANJ/AVR: 06/99-07/06
2.8 TDI	I4	2,799 cc	12v	92 kW (125 PS; 123 bhp) @ 3,500 rpm	280 N⋅m (207 lbf⋅ft) @ 2,300 rpm	AGK: 07/97-12/98
2.8 TDI	I4	2,799 cc	12v	96 kW (131 PS; 129 bhp) @ 3,500 rpm	300 N⋅m (221 lbf⋅ft) @ 2,000-2,500 rpm	ATA: 01/99-01/02
2.8 TDI CR	I4	2,799 cc	12v	116 kW (158 PS; 156 bhp) @ 3,500 rpm	331 N⋅m (244 lbf⋅ft) @ 1,800 rpm	AUH/NCQ: 02/02-07/06

Replacement

Production ended in September 2006, with about 350,000 LT models produced in over nine years. Plans for the third generation of the 'large transporter' from Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles were cancelled and later that year, the Volkswagen Crafter was launched.

References

1. "VW LT 4x4 Product Brochure 1985".
2. "VW LT 4x4 Product Brochure 1991 Jump up ^".
3. "De Vries Dakar VW LT 4x4". www.dakardantan.com.
4. Betriebsanleitung Volkswagen LT deutsch 7.89 - 901.551.280.00
5. "German VW LT wiki axle code letter explanation". www.lt-forum.de.

External links

• Information and photos of Westfalia-built LT campervans
• VW Australia official LT site.
• UK VW LT website.