Symphyotrichum

Symphyotrichum (/ˌsɪmfaɪəˈtrɪkəm/) is a genus of about 90 species of herbaceous annual and perennial plants in the composite family (Asteraceae) that were formerly treated within the genus Aster. The majority are endemic to North America, but several species also occur in the West Indies, Central and South America, as well as in eastern Eurasia. Many species have been introduced to Europe as garden specimens, most notably the New England aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae) and the New York aster (Symphyotrichum novi-belgii).[1][2]

Symphyotrichum
Symphyotrichum novi-belgii
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Asteroideae
Supertribe: Asterodae
Tribe: Astereae
Genus: Symphyotrichum
Nees
Type species
Symphyotrichum novi-belgii
Nees
Species

See List of Symphyotrichum species.

Name

The botanist Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck established this genus in 1833 because he felt that a plant he examined, now thought to be a cultivated variety of New York aster, was sufficiently distinct from the rest of the genus Aster to warrant its own genus. He emphasized the uniqueness of this plant in having its pappus hairs arranged in a coherent, basal ring.[3] This structure is the basis for the scientific name of this genus, which derives from Ancient Greek σύμφυσις (sýmphysis) "growing together" and θρίξ (thríks; stem τριχ- trich-) "hair". Unfortunately, this characteristic ring is not generally shared by most New York aster pappi, nor is it characteristic of any other plants included in the modern concept of Symphyotrichum. According to the rules of the ICN, however, the timing of this genus's establishment gives it precedence over other names.[4]

This genus was resurrected in 1994 by Guy Nesom to group together species formerly included in Aster in order to make modern genera monophyletic.

Species
Main article: List of Symphyotrichum species

There are about 90 species, including:[1]

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References
  1. Brouillet, Luc; Semple, John C.; Allen, Geraldine A.; Chambers, Kenton L.; Sundberg, Scott D. (2006). "Symphyotrichum". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). 20. New York and Oxford – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  2. Everitt, J.H.; Lonard, R.L.; Little, C.R. (2007). Weeds in South Texas and Northern Mexico. Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press. ISBN 0-89672-614-2.
  3. Nees von Esenbeck, Christian Gottfried Daniel (1833). Genera et species asterearum [Genera and Species of the Astereae] (in Latin). Nuremberg: Leonardi Schrag. p. 135. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.46989.
  4. Nesom, Guy L. (1994). "Review of the taxonomy of Aster sensu lato (Asteraceae: Astereae), emphasizing the New World species". Phytologia. 77 (3): 141–297.


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