Violin Sonata No. 2 (Enescu)

Sonata No. 2 for Violin and Piano in F minor, Op. 6, is a chamber-music work by the Romanian composer George Enescu, completed in 1899.

George Enescu in 1912

History

After six years of study in Vienna, where he acquired German discipline and experienced the grandiose cultural summit of the late romantic era, Enescu moved to Paris, where he continued his studies for another five years at the Paris Conservatory. His contact with the modernity of the French musical world gave him certainty, clarity of thought, measure, elegance in expression and sound color for refined detail, which he learned to blend with what he had learned in Vienna, together with a stream of freshness and optimism, love of life and people, which he had brought with him from his childhood home in Moldavia. The end of his musical apprenticeship was marked by the composition of his Second Violin Sonata in Paris in 1899 (Zottoviceanu 1971, 226, 234). The first performance of the sonata was given in Paris by Jacques Thibaud, violin, with the composer himself at the piano, on 22 February 1900, in a concert that was part of the Concerts Colonne series (Hoffman and Rațiu 1971, 245). The score is dedicated to Joseph and Jacques Thibaud (Bentoiu 2010, 11)

Enescu later acknowledged that this sonata, together with his next work, the Octet for Strings, marked the point where "I felt myself evolving rapidly, I was becoming myself . . . Until then, I was fumbling. From that moment I felt able to walk on my own legs, even if not yet to run very fast ..." (Gavoty 1955, 83).

Analysis

The Sonata is in three movements,

  • Assez mouvementé
  • Tranquillement
  • Vif

The construction of each of the three movements is clear, though not entirely according to a textbook observance of the classical models. After the development section proper of the first movement’s sonata form, there is further development of the main theme, constituting a climax, full of dramatic tension. The slow movement is a ternary form with particularities caused by cyclical returns of musical ideas from the first movement. Unusually, this movement is written in the same key (F minor), as the first movement of the Sonata, which contributes to a blurring of contrasts in favour of a principle of slow and organic transformation of the musical substance. The finale is a rondo with a certain amount of freedom. It is prepared for at the end of the slow movement, which it follows without interruption. Perhaps as compensation for the lack of tonal contrast between the first two movements, the refrain theme begins in D minor, modulating to settle in C major. It is only in its final statement that the tonic of F is confirmed, but this time in major (Hoffman and Rațiu 1971, 258).

Discography

The composer himself, as violinist, recorded the sonata on two occasions.

  • George Enescu: Sonata nr. 2 pentru vioară si pian in fa minor op. 6. George Enescu (violin), Dinu Lipatti (piano). Recorded at the Romanian Radio, 1943. LP recording, 1 disc: 10 in., 33⅓. Electrecord ECD 61. Bucharest: Electrecord, [1950s?]. Various reissues: Electrecord ECE 0766/67 (LP), Monitor MC 2049 (LP), Everest 3413 (LP), Disque Déesse DDLX 40-1 (LP, 1972), Electrecord EDC 430/431 (CD, 2001), Philips Legendary Classics 426 100-2 (CD), Dante HPC 091-92 (CD).
  • George Enescu (violin), Céliny Chailley-Richez (piano). LP recording, 1 disc. Remington R 149-42. 1951. Reissued Varèse-Sarabande VC 81048 (LP), Concerteum C-234 (LP), Forgotten Records FR 942 (CD, 2010).
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References
  • Bentoiu, Pascal. 2010. Masterworks of George Enescu: A Detailed Analysis, translated by Lory Wallfisch. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7665-1 (cloth) ISBN 978-0-8108-7690-3 (ebook).
  • Firca, Clemansa Liliana. 1997. "O versiune necunoscută a primei părți din Sonata pentru pian op. 24 nr. 1, în fa diez minor". Muzica, no. 2: 4–9. Reprinted in Firca, Enescu: Relevanța 'secundarului', 47–54. Bucharest: Editura Institutului Cultural Român, 2005. ISBN 973-577-453-4.
  • Gavoty, Bernard. 1955. Les souvenirs de Georges Enesco. Paris: Flammarion.
  • Hoffman, Alfred, and Adrian Rațiu. 1971. "Succese ale simfonistului (1900–1906)". In George Enescu: Monografie, 2 vols., edited by Mircea Voicana, 237–329. Bucharest: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România.
  • Malcolm, Noel. 1990. George Enescu: His Life and Music, with a preface by Sir Yehudi Menuhin. London: Toccata Press. ISBN 0-907689-32-9.
  • Zottoviceanu, Elena. 1971. “Anii de studia la Paris (1895–1899)”. In George Enescu: Monografie, 2 vols., edited by Mircea Voicana, 131–235. Bucharest: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România.

Further reading
  • Bughici, Dumitru. 1967. "Trăsături specifice ale formei în sonatele lui George Enescu". Muzica 17, no. 8 (August): 8–13. Reprinted in Studii de muzicologie 4, 379–96. Bucharest: Editură Muzicală, 1968. Reprinted in Simpozion George Enescucentenaire de George Enescu 1881-1981, symposium de musicologie, Bucarest 17–19 septembre 1981, edited by Michaela Roșu, [pp. include 385, 469]. Bucharest: Editură Muzicală, 1984.
  • Bughici, Dumitru. 1967. "Particalarităţi naţionale ale formelor muzicale în sonatele lui George Enescu". In Naţional şi universal ĭn muzică: Lucrările sesiunii Ştiiţifice a cadrelor didactice, 235–48. Bucharest: Conservatorul Ciprian Porumbescu, 1967.
  • Bughici, Dumitru. 1982. Repere arhitectonice în creația muzicală românească contemporană. București: Editura Muzicală, 1982. Anthology of articles, including the two preceding items.
  • Rațiu, Adrian. 1957. "Primele două sonate pentru vioară și pian de George Enescu". Muzica, no. 8:? –33.
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